JAVÉ, O PASTOR QUE ABRIGA EM BELAS PASTAGENS CONTRIBUIÇÃO EXEGÉTICA SOBRE O SALMO 23

Na América Latina temos pouca bibliografia sobre o Salmo 23. No entanto, contamos com alguns pesquisadores que podem dialogar academicamente com cientistas europeus sobre nosso objeto de estudo. Apesar do grande atrativo deste texto no mundo pastoral de nosso continente, o aporte exegético deste Salmo estava em dívida, o que se tem convertido numa de nossa justificação científica para o estudo do Salmo 23. O Salmo 23 se incrusta dentro do saltério. É poesia hebraica, a que se caracteriza pela repetição do sentido de suas frases. Seu conteúdo está nas entrelinhas pelo uso freqüente de imagens, símbolos e figuras. Por estas e outras razões é difícil assinalar sua data de origem, mas deve ser pré-exílico. Nosso texto revela, como lugar vital, uma comunidade litúrgica. Essa comunidade está localizada no templo de Jerusalém. Ali se encontram, por sua vez, sacerdotes, levitas, intelectuais orgânicos; enfim, pessoas que têm testemunhado de perto a controvérsia de uma pessoa refugiada no templo, a que tem achado no santuário um lugar de amparo. Desde aqui deduzimos que o Salmo 23 foi escrito por alguém de sensibilidade poética, inspirado na vida do asilado. O salmista tem experimentado os cuidados de Javé. Ali, no templo, na área do reino de Javé, seus ameaçadores não podem capturá-lo. Os motivos de perseguição podem sugerir assuntos de dívidas e, ao mesmo tempo, assuntos de justiça. Uma vez no santuário, não carece de nada, porque seu pastor/rei lhe fornece o que precisa, isto é, comida, bebida, proteção, segurança, dignidade e fraternidade. Os agressores são testemunhas do estado de felicidade de seu inimigo, mas não podem fazer-lhe nada. Por isso o salmista, não teme e, na presença de Javé, encontra seu consolo. Javé, como pastor/rei, hospeda a seu protegido. Pela inocência reconhecida do refugiado, nasce o ambiente de festa, porque a comunidade litúrgica celebra a salvação alcançada. As graças recebidas têm para o salmista uma repercussão comunitária, o bem e a solidariedade que experimentou voltarão aos que o circundam, não por obrigação e sim por gratidão. Por assuntos de segurança e agradecimento o salmista deseja permanecer na casa de Javé.(AU)

Modeling the role of investigator bias, interrogation techniques, and suspect decision -making on the likelihood of confession

The purpose of the current study was to attempt to model various cognitive and social processes that are believed to lead to false confessions. More specifically, this study manipulated the variables of experimenter expectancy, guilt-innocence of the suspect, and interrogation techniques using the Russano et al. (2005) paradigm. The primary measure of interest was the likelihood of the participant signing the confession statement. By manipulating experimenter expectancy, the current study sought to further explore the social interactions that may occur in the interrogation room. In addition, in past experiments, the interrogator has typically been restricted to the use of one or two interrogation techniques. In the present study, interrogators were permitted to select from 15 different interrogation techniques when attempting to solicit a confession from participants. ^ Consistent with Rusanno et al. (2005), guilty participants (94%) were more likely to confess to the act of cheating than innocent participants (31%). The variable of experimenter expectancy did not effect confessions rates, length of interrogation, or the type of interrogation techniques used. Path analysis revealed feelings of pressure and the weighing of consequences on the part of the participant were associated with the signing of the confession statement. The findings suggest the guilt/innocence of the participant, the participant's perceptions of the interrogation situation, and length of interrogation play a pivotal role in the signing of the confession statement. Further examination of these variables may provide researchers with a better understanding of the relationship between interrogations and confessions. ^

L'évaluation des allégations d’agression sexuelle chez les enfants

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences de criminologie en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences en criminologie option cheminement avec stage en intervention

The sound of whiteness: early music vocal performance practice in Britain

American Musicological Society annual meeting, San Francisco, 10 Nov. 2011

Histories and Historiographies of Juvenile Delinquency in Nineteenth-Century England

This thesis explores the history of juvenile delinquency in England during the decades bracketing the nineteenth century’s turn and how modern historians have analyzed this period. The purported birth of juvenile delinquency during this tumultuous period is widely attributed by both historians and Victorians to the explosive growth in England’s urban population. Contemporary statistics of criminal prosecutions confirmed emergent literary tropes that viewed childhoods spent on city streets as inevitably corrupting. Public policy and private charity for more than a century thereafter would recommend removal from the city’s corrupting cultural influences to a highly romanticized vision of rural space as healing innocence. This thesis challenges the juxtaposition of country and city on which such explanations of juvenile delinquency rest. Utilizing the neglected testimony of magistrates, constables, rural residents, and juvenile criminals themselves, it will demonstrate that rural England also suffered from increasing juvenile crime in this period. It will illuminate the complex social, economic, and political dynamics responsible for the oft-cited statistical gap between rural and urban arrest rates, showing that the latter were in neither case transparent measures of criminal activity. Crime was on the rise in English rural counties as transformed by industrial capitalism as were England’s booming cities, suggesting that historians who continue to emphasize the dichotomy between the city and the country have not only recycled a Victorian narrative but also limited their own understandings of the time.

L’évaluation des allégations d’agression sexuelle chez les enfants

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences de criminologie en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences en criminologie option cheminement avec stage en intervention

Out of View: Stories

OUT OF VIEW is a collection of stories set in the American Southwest about people coping with loss—the death of parents, children, ideals, innocence. The characters in this collection reap or resist lessons of life as they struggle to find their place in the world. In “First Rain,” 15-year-old Tessie struggles with the loss of her father and the demands of her mother as she navigates the rocky terrain of adolescence. In “Monsters,” middle-aged Maury has to choose between a new relationship and protecting the well-being of his 4-year-old ‘daughter.’ The stories are influenced by the Western realism of Maile Meloy and the playful plotting of Ron Carlson. These stories are inspired both by the Sonoran Desert—expansive, sun-soaked, unrepentant—and by the people who live, love, and lose in the interstices between Manifest Destiny and the Reconquista.

Looking Beyond ‘White Slavery’: Trafficking, the Jewish Association’s representation of ‘the potential victim’, and the dangerous politics of migration control in England, 1890-1910

This article seeks to revise Jo Doezema’s suggestion that ‘the white slave’ was the only dominant representation of ‘the trafficked woman’ used by early anti-trafficking advocates in Europe and the United States, and that discourses based on this figure of injured innocence are the only historical discourses that are able to shine light on contemporary anti-trafficking rhetoric. ‘The trafficked woman’ was a figure painted using many shades of grey in the past, with a number of injurious consequences, not only for trafficked persons but also for female labour migrants and migrant populations at large. In England, dominant organizational portrayals of ‘the trafficked woman’ had first acquired these shades by the 1890s, when trafficking started to proliferate amid mass migration from Continental Europe, and when controversy began to mount over the migration to the country of various groups of working-class foreigner. The article demonstrates these points by exploring the way in which the Jewish Association for the Protection of Girls and Women (JAPGW), one of the pillars of England’s early anti-trafficking movement, represented the female Jewish migrants it deemed at risk from being trafficked into sex work between 1890 and 1910. It argues that the JAPGW stigmatised these women, placing most of the onus for trafficking upon them and positioning them to a greater or a lesser extent as ‘undesirable and undeserving working-class foreigners’ who could never become respectable English women. It also contends that the JAPGW, in outlining what was wrong with certain female migrants, drew a line between ‘the migrant’ and respectable English society at large, and paradoxically endorsed the extension of the very ‘anti-alienist’ and Antisemitic prejudices that it strove to dispel.

El derecho a no autoincriminación y la autorización para la obtención de evidencia a partir del cuerpo del procesado

El privilegio contra la auto incriminación es una garantía constitucional que protege a todo procesado de ser compelido a declarar en contra de sí mismo en una causa penal; la mencionada garantía hace necesario realizar un análisis en torno a los límites y alcances de dicho privilegio de cara a la posibilidad de que judicialmente se dé la autorización, previa solicitud motivada de la policía judicial o de la Fiscalía General de la Nación, de obtener muestras para cotejo que involucren al imputado aun cuando éste se niegue a dar su consentimiento para ello. Las posiciones respecto a los límites y alcances que pueda tener éste privilegio no son pacíficas y van desde considerar que únicamente aplica para el caso del testimonio del acusado o coacusado hasta afirmar que, además del testimonio o declaración, comprende la prohibición absoluta de usar el cuerpo humano como medio de obtención de evidencia probatoria que pueda llegar a desvirtuar la presunción de inocencia y causar que sea el mismo procesado quien se incrimine. Es por lo anterior que nuestra Corte Constitucional fincó su posición en considerar que el privilegio comprende únicamente la prohibición de obligar al procesado a declarar en su contra; dejando por fuera de su órbita de protección la posibilidad de suplir la voluntad del indiciado, imputado o acusado con una orden judicial dada por el Juez de Control de Garantías para la toma de muestras con fines de cotejo aun cuando dicha evidencia tienda a incriminarlo. El privilegio contra la auto incriminación es una garantía constitucional que protege a todo procesado de ser compelido a declarar en contra de sí mismo en una causa penal; la mencionada garantía hace necesario realizar un análisis en torno a los límites y alcances de dicho privilegio de cara a la posibilidad de que judicialmente se dé la autorización, previa solicitud motivada de la policía judicial o de la Fiscalía General de la Nación, de obtener muestras para cotejo que involucren al imputado aun cuando éste se niegue a dar su consentimiento para ello. Las posiciones respecto a los límites y alcances que pueda tener éste privilegio no son pacíficas y van desde considerar que únicamente aplica para el caso del testimonio del acusado o coacusado hasta afirmar que, además del testimonio o declaración, comprende la prohibición absoluta de usar el cuerpo humano como medio de obtención de evidencia probatoria que pueda llegar a desvirtuar la presunción de inocencia y causar que sea el mismo procesado quien se incrimine. Es por lo anterior que nuestra Corte Constitucional fincó su posición en considerar que el privilegio comprende únicamente la prohibición de obligar al procesado a declarar en su contra; dejando por fuera de su órbita de protección la posibilidad de suplir la voluntad del indiciado, imputado o acusado con una orden judicial dada por el Juez de Control de Garantías para la toma de muestras con fines de cotejo aun cuando dicha evidencia tienda a incriminarlo.

Belief in a just world and secondary victimization : The role of adolescent deviant behavior

Belief in a Just World research found evidence that one feels threatened whenever one witnesses an innocent victim suffering, often resorting to secondary victimization to neutralize the observed injustice. However, literature has neglected the explanatory power of adolescent deviant behavior in victimization processes. This study (n = 284 students) aims to determine the impact of the adolescents' deviant behavior, BJW and victim's innocence on secondary victimization. Additionally, we analyzed juvenile deviant behavior's impact on victim identification. Juveniles who committed more deviant behaviors identified less with the victim than those with lower deviance levels. The interaction effects show that juveniles who are strong just world believers and have higher delinquency engaged significantly more in secondary victimization when confronted with an innocent victim. These results clarify the role played by adolescent deviant behavior and BJW in secondary victimization judgments regarding situations with innocent and non-innocent victims.

Quantification of standards of proof thresholds in criminal and civil litigation

Standards of proof in law serve the purpose of instructing juries as to the expected levels of confidence in determinations of fact. In criminal trials, to reach a guilty verdict a jury must be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt, and in civil trials by a preponderance of the evidence. The purposes of this study are to determine the quantitative thresholds used to make these determinations; to ascertain the levels of juror agreement with basic principles of justice; and to try to predict thresholds and beliefs by juror personality characteristics. Participants read brief case descriptions and indicated thresholds in percentages, their beliefs in various principles, and completed three personality measures. A 92-94% threshold in criminal and an 80% threshold in civil matters was found; but prediction by personality was not supported. Significant percentages of jurors disavowed the presumptions of innocence and right to counsel.

Amour et sexualité dans "La Fraise noire" et "La Demoiselle sauvage" de Corinna Bille

Ce mémoire s’intéresse au traitement des thèmes de l’amour et de la sexualité dans les recueils La Fraise noire et La Demoiselle sauvage, de Corinna Bille. Privilégiant une approche thématique, inspirée de la démarche de Jean-Pierre Richard, l’analyse vise à montrer que les nouvelles inscrivent les thèmes de l’amour et de la sexualité dans la perspective plus vaste d’une quête d’unité, qui à la fois leur donne forme et les dépasse. Amour et sexualité seraient ainsi pensés en fonction d’une communion idéale de conscience et de corps avec l’aimé, qui permettrait aux personnages de renouer avec une unité d’avant la faute. L’échec de cette tentative, manifesté par la désillusion amoureuse et la mort finale des amants, amène à interroger les rapports entre innocence et connaissance, fantasme et désillusion, origine et fin, qui structurent l’ensemble des nouvelles. L’hypothèse démontrée au fil du travail est que la quête d’unité reproduit une logique cyclique : confrontés dans le monde terrestre à l’impossibilité de rejoindre l’autre, les personnages tendent vers une mort pensée non seulement comme fin, mais également comme possibilité de renouer avec l’unité primordiale. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse se concentre sur les présages de la désillusion amoureuse disséminés à même la quête d’unité des personnages, et révèle que l’idéal poursuivi porte en lui son propre échec. Dans un deuxième temps, le mémoire s’efforce de relever les diverses réappropriations textuelles de la chute chrétienne, pour montrer comment la désillusion amoureuse s’articule autour de la dichotomie biblique entre innocence et connaissance, et comment les personnages parviennent à la dépasser dans leur quête d’un au-delà terrestre ou céleste.

Small states and the promotion of their foreign policy agenda in the international scenario: Trinidad and Tobago and the Kyoto Protocol

Este estudio de caso busca identificar los elementos del portafolio de política exterior de Trinidad y Tobago que le permitieron promover exitosamente sus intereses en el Protocolo de Kioto. Al hacer esto, este texto analizará las limitaciones de Trinidad y Tobago en términos de vulnerabilidades de localización, burocracia y recursos. Posteriormente, una revisión del portafolio de política exterior de este Estado ilustrará el uso de estrategias de creación de capacidades y de organización como lo son el contacto con actores institucionales y no gubernamentales, la formación de coaliciones y estrategias argumentativas, entre otras. Finalmente, este artículo concluirá que dichas acciones permitieron la promoción de la agenda de política exterior de Trinidad y Tobago a través de la creación de hojas de ruta y la coordinación de la incertidumbre con el Protocolo de Kioto. Para hacer esto, este trabajo se concentrará en examinar conceptos como vulnerabilidad y priorización, asimismo contrastando diferentes artículos académicos en la materia junto con documentos oficiales de Trinidad y Tobago.