473 resultados para corantes alimentícios
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The objective of the present work was to investigate the potential of cyanobacteria isolated from different environments in decolorizing eleven different types of textile dyes. For inoculum preparation 50 ml of BG-11 medium were used for the cyanobacteria Leptolyngbia CENA103, Leptolyngbia CENA104 and Phormidium autumnale UTEX1580 and 50 ml of SWBG-11 medium for Phormidium sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and Synecochoccus sp. Test tubes containing 10 ml of liquid medium and 0.02% of each dye (remazol, indigo blue, indanthrene blue RCL, drimaren blue CL-R, dispersol blue C-2R, drimaren red CL-5B, dispersol red C- 4G, indanthrene red FBB, drimaren yellow CL-R, palanil yellow 3G and indanthrene yellow 5GF) were inoculated with cyanobacteria. A spectrophotometer was used to verify the maximum absorbance of each dye and the percentage of decolorization and also thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that all the tested cyanobacteria were capable to remove more than 50% of some dyes. The present study confirmed the capacity of cyanobacteria in decolorize and possibly degrade structurally different textile dyes, suggesting the possibility of their application in bioremediation studies. The data are promising, and will lead to further studies of dye degradation and its toxicicity.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Com o grande crescimento da população e consequentemente o aumento significativo do consumo de produtos de origem industrial, quantidades enormes de efluentes são geradas, e muitas vezes descartadas de forma imprópria. Esses resíduos industriais comumente são eliminados em mananciais hídricos, afetando lençóis freáticos, córregos, rios e oceanos. Uma das maiores evidências da poluição da água é a alteração de sua cor original. Despejo de efluentes têxteis, por exemplo, alem de alterar drasticamente a cor dos mananciais, geram produtos e subprodutos tóxicos, nocivos tanto para a flora como para a fauna aquática. Essas substâncias possuem alta persistência em meio aquático devido a sua natureza química, conferindo a estes efluentes um lento processo de biodegradação e podendo ter efeito bioacumulativo na cadeia alimentar. Assim veem sendo desenvolvidas diversas maneiras de se controlar a quantidade e a qualidade de efluentes industriais, dentre eles os de corantes têxteis. As técnicas mais utilizadas são a cloração, filtração, tratamentos floculantes e adsorção por Carvão Ativados. Porem, muitas vezes esses processos possuem desvantagens, como, por exemplo, o alto custo e alterações drásticas no pH. Assim tratamentos alternativos, como o uso de Moringa oleifera, veem sendo muito estudados. Este trabalho visou avaliar o potencial do uso das sementes de Moringa oleifera como adsorvente na remoção de corantes têxteis em meio aquoso. Para isso foi analisado a remoção do corante Direct Violet 51, utilizando pó das sementes. Foram realizados testes com diferentes tempos de contato nos valores de pH 2,5, 4,5 e 6,5. Posteriormente novos testes foram realizados, utilizando o sobrenadante e a biomassa das sementes, ambos na forma livre e imobilizada em alginato de calcio, bem como reutilização destes. Através da analise das amostras, notou-se que o processo de coagulação/floculação sobressaiu-se em...
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Com o grande crescimento da população e consequentemente o aumento significativo do consumo de produtos de origem industrial, quantidades enormes de efluentes são geradas, e muitas vezes descartadas de forma imprópria. Esses resíduos industriais comumente são eliminados em mananciais hídricos, afetando lençóis freáticos, córregos, rios e oceanos. Uma das maiores evidências da poluição da água é a alteração de sua cor original. Despejo de efluentes têxteis, por exemplo, alem de alterar drasticamente a cor dos mananciais, geram produtos e subprodutos tóxicos, nocivos tanto para a flora como para a fauna aquática. Essas substâncias possuem alta persistência em meio aquático devido a sua natureza química, conferindo a estes efluentes um lento processo de biodegradação e podendo ter efeito bioacumulativo na cadeia alimentar. Assim veem sendo desenvolvidas diversas maneiras de se controlar a quantidade e a qualidade de efluentes industriais, dentre eles os de corantes têxteis. As técnicas mais utilizadas são a cloração, filtração, tratamentos floculantes e adsorção por Carvão Ativados. Porem, muitas vezes esses processos possuem desvantagens, como, por exemplo, o alto custo e alterações drásticas no pH. Assim tratamentos alternativos, como o uso de Moringa oleifera, veem sendo muito estudados. Este trabalho visou avaliar o potencial do uso das sementes de Moringa oleifera como adsorvente na remoção de corantes têxteis em meio aquoso. Para isso foi analisado a remoção do corante Direct Violet 51, utilizando pó das sementes. Foram realizados testes com diferentes tempos de contato nos valores de pH 2,5, 4,5 e 6,5. Posteriormente novos testes foram realizados, utilizando o sobrenadante e a biomassa das sementes, ambos na forma livre e imobilizada em alginato de calcio, bem como reutilização destes. Através da analise das amostras, notou-se que o processo de coagulação/floculação sobressaiu-se em...
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The textile industry is one of the most polluting in the world (AHMEDCHEKKAT et al. 2011), generating wastewater with high organic loading. Among the pollutants present in these effluents are dyes, substances with complex structures, toxic and carcinogenic characteristics, besides having a strong staining. Improper disposal of these substances to the environment, without performing a pre-treatment can cause major environmental impacts. The objective this thesis to use a technique of electrochemical oxidation of boron doped diamond anode, BDD, for the treatment of a synthetic dye and a textile real effluent. In addition to studying the behavior of different electrolytes (HClO4, H3PO4, NaCl and Na2SO4) and current densities (15, 60, 90 and 120 mA.cm-2 ), and compare the methods with Rhodamine B (RhB) photolysis, electrolysis and photoelectrocatalytic using H3PO4 and Na2SO4. Electrochemical oxidation studies were performed in different ratio sp3 /sp2 of BDD with solution of RhB. To achieve these objectives, analysis of pH, conductivity, UV-visible, TOC, HPLC and GC-MS were developed. Based on the results with the Rhodamine B, it was observed that in all cases occurred at mineralization, independent of electrolyte and current density, but these parameters affect the speed and efficiency of mineralization. The radiation of light was favorable during the electrolysis of RhB with phosphate and sulfate. Regarding the oxidation in BDD anode with different ratio sp3 /sp2 (165, 176, 206, 220, 262 e 329), with lower carbon-sp3 had a longer favoring the electrochemical conversion of RhB, instead of combustion. The greater the carbon content on the anodes BDD took the biggest favor of direct electrochemical oxidation
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The textile sector is one of the main contributors to the generation of industrial wastewaters due to the use of large volumes of water, which has a high organic load content. In these, it is observed to the presence of dyes, surfactants, starch, alcohols, acetic acid and other constituents, from the various processing steps of the textiles. Hence, the treatment of textile wastewater becomes fundamental before releasing it into water bodies, where they can cause disastrous physical-chemical changes for the environment. Surfactants are substances widely used in separation processes and their use for treating textile wastewaters was evaluated in this research by applying the cloud point extraction and the ionic flocculation. In the cloud point extraction was used as surfactant nonylphenol with 9.5 ethoxylation degree to remove reactive dye. The process evaluation was performed in terms of temperature, surfactant and dye concentrations. The dye removal reached 91%. The ionic flocculation occurs due to the presence of calcium, which reacts with anionic surfactant to form insoluble surfactants capable of attracting the organic matter by adsorption. In this work the ionic flocculation using base soap was applied to the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing dyes belonging to three classes: direct, reactive, and disperse. It was evaluated by the influence of the following parameters: surfactant and electrolyte concentrations, stirring speed, equilibrium time, temperature, and pH. The flocculation of the surfactant was carried out in two ways: forming the floc in the effluent itself and forming the floc before mixing it to the effluent. Removal of reactive and direct dye, when the floc is formed into textile effluent was 97% and 87%, respectively. In the case where the floc is formed prior to adding it to the effluent, the removal to direct and disperse dye reached 92% and 87%, respectively. These results show the efficience of the evaluated processes for dye removal from textile wastewaters.
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Searches using organoclays have been the subject of great interest due to its wide application in industry and removal of environmental pollutants. The organoclays were obtained using bentonite (BEN) and cationic surfactants: hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) and trimethyloctadecyl ammonium bromide (TMOA-Br) in ratios of 50 and 100 % of its ion exchange capacity. The materials were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (DRX), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray fluorescence (FRX), thermal analysis (TA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bentonite and organobentonite were used on the adsorption of dyes, Remazol Blue RR (AZ) and Remazol Red RR (VM) in aqueous solution. The adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich were used for mathematical description of sorption equilibrium data and obtain the constants of the isotherms. The Freundlich model fit to the data for adsorption equilibrium of bentonite, on the other hand both the model fit to the Langmuir adsorption test of organoclays. The adsorption processes using adsorbents with both dyes interspersed with HDTMA-Br show endothermic and exothermic nature, respectively.
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The textile effluents are a complex mixture of many pollutants that contain high organic loads, severe color and toxic compounds. The high concentration of the textile effluent may cause increased chemical demand (COD) and biochemical (BOD) of oxygen, elevated temperature, acidity or alkalinity, causing damage and environmental problems. In addition to representing a serious threat to human health such effluent is also quite toxic to most aquatic organisms. And for this reason, one must meet the concentration limits for emission sources and sewage system. This study aimed to investigate the performance of electrochemical treatment of a textile effluent for the removal of color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved organic matter by investigating the influence of experimental parameters such as the electrocatalyst materials (Ti/Pt and Ti/Pt-SnSb) and current density in order to compare their efficiency, energy consumption and cost. The dye Novacron Blue CD (NB) was employed in synthetic solution, while the dyes Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY 3RS) Remazol Red RR Gran (RR-RR Gran) and Navy Blue CL-R (NB CL-R) were used to generate simulated textile effluent laboratory. The results showed that the application of electrochemical oxidation process favors the elimination of color effectively independent the electrocatalytic material and current used, as well as treated effluent. However, the influence of electrocatalytic material was crucial to reduction of the organic matter in all cases.