Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Knebel (1774-1832).

Annotations by G. E. Guhrauer and Riemer.

Novanglus, and Massachusettensis; or, Political essays, published in the years 1774 and 1775, on the principal points of controversy, between Great Britain and her colonies.

Massachusettensis (p. [141]-227) consists of a series of 17 letters dated December 12, 1774-April 3, 1775, which first appeared in the "Massachusetts gazette and post boy."

The beginnings of American nationality; the constitutional relations between the Continental congress and the colonies and states from 1774 to 1789;

"Notes supplementary. The needs of self-supporting women. By Miss Clare de Graffeuried": p. [79]-88. The notes are issued separately, and have also special paging ([1]-10)

Commentary on Jeffreys v. Boosey (1854)

The second decision of the House of Lords to consider the nature of copyright law. As was the case in Donaldson v. Becket (1774) (uk_1774) the law lords were in disagreement with the majority of common law judges invited to speak to the issue for the consideration of the House. In the course of their opinions, two of the law lords (Lord Brougham and Lord St Leonards) explicitly reject the concept of copyright at common law. Rather than a natural authorial property right, they present copyright as a purely statutory phenomenon specifically grounded in public interest concerns. Ultimately, the Lords decided that a foreign national, resident abroad, but first publishing in Britain, enjoys no protection in his work under British copyright law.

Tropical woods: influence of density in hardness parallel and normal to the grain for some Brazilian tropical tree species

The aim of this work is to verify the possibility to correlating specific gravity and wood hardness parallel and perpendicular to the grain. The purpose is to offer one more tool to help in the decision about wood species choice for use in floors and sleepers. To reach this intent, we considered the results of standard tests (NBR 7190:1997, Timber Structures Design, Annex B, Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) to determine hardness parallel and normal to the grain in fourteen tropical high density wood species (over 850 kg/m(3), at 12% moisture content). For each species twelve determinations were made, based on the material obtained at Sao Carlos and its regional wood market. Statistical analysis led to some expressions to describe the cited properties relationships, with a determination coefficient about 0.8.

Chemical composition changes in eucalyptus and pinus woods submitted to heat treatment

This study investigated the influence of heat treatment on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods to understand its role in wood processing. E. saligna and P. caribaea var. hondurensis woods were treated in a laboratorial electric furnace at 120, 140, 160 and 180 degrees C to induce their heat treatment. The chemical composition of the resulting products and those from original wood were determined by gas chromatography. Eucalyptus and Pinus showed a significant reduction in arabinose, manose, galactose and xylose contents when submitted to increasing temperatures. No significant alteration in glucose content was observed. Lignin content, however, increased during the heat process. There was a significant reduction in extractive content for Eucalyptus. On the other hand, a slight increase in extractive content has been determined for the Pinus wood. and that only for the highest temperature. These different behaviors can be explained by differences in chemical constituents between softwoods and hardwoods. The results obtained in this study provide important information for future research and utilization of thermally modified wood. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Revisitando as origens do ensino de graduação em administração pública no Brasil (1854-1952)

A história do ensino de graduação em administração pública no Brasil é retratada por um conjunto de obras/autores que partem da instalação do curso da EBAP-FGV em 1952 como o marco zero. Contudo, pouco se escreveu sobre a pré-história dessa formação acadêmica no país; seus antecedentes carecem de sistematização. O objetivo deste artigo é rever as origens desse ensino para compreender sua evolução e institucionalização na educação superior nacional. Esse esforço contribui para a construção da memória da área de conhecimento de administração no Brasil, em geral, e do seu ensino (e pesquisa), em particular. Baseado em ampla revisão bibliográfica e em uma razoável análise documental, o artigo desvela três momentos nítidos, conexos e sucessivos entre o Segundo Império e o final do Estado Novo que precedem a institucionalização desse curso superior na década de 1950.

Ocorrência no Brasil de Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (O.F. Muller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) (Trematoda, Plathyhelmintes)

Relata-se a introdução em nosso meio de Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata possivelmente anterior a 1967, quando pela primeira vez foi coletada em Santos. Essa espécie pode comportar-se como primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Paragonimus westermani e de Clonorchis sinensis. Somente o último trematódeo tem alguma possibilidade de vir a parasitar o homem, em nosso meio.