Aproximación al estudio de los contextos cerámicos del País Vasco, siglos XIV-XVII

Trabajo de Investigación Predoctoral 2006

La cerámica de la Segunda Edad del Hierro en el País Vasco: Estudio tecnológico, funcional y social

670 p. Capítulos de introducción, metodología, discusión y conclusiones en castellano e inglés.

Las ocupaciones rupestres en el fin de la Antigüedad. Los materiales cerámicos de Los Husos (Laguardia, Alava)

Homenaje a Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu / coord. por Javier Fernández Eraso, Juan Santos Yanguas.

Cerámica cardial en la Rioja Alavesa

[ES] Se trata de dar a conocer el descubrimiento de cerámica impresa de tipo cardial en la Rioja Alavesa. Tales hallazgos se han localizado durante las excavaciones que se están realizando en el Abrigo de Peña Larga en Cripán (Alava) desde el verano de 1985. Las fechas obtenidas para el nivel de donde proceden las referidas cerámicas son: -5830 BC (para la parte superior del nivel). -6150 BC (para la parte baja en la que se encuentran las citadas cerámicas). Esta cronología sitúa el nivel en un Neolítico pleno en consonancia con los niveles cardiales localizados en las últimas décadas en el valle del Ebro.

巴丹吉林沙漠及其南缘地区的水化学和环境同位素特征与环境演变

The Badain Jaran Desert lies on the Alashan Plateau in western Inner Mongolia. Because of huge dunes, permanent lakes and on the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon, the Badain Jaran Desert has been drawing attentions of many experts. And they have made great progress in dune’s geomorphology, botany in desert, paleoclimate change and other study areas. We analyzed environmental isotope and ion chemistry in lakes and groundwater of the desert and southeastern area, and collected some other evidences from 14C dating, fossils and archeology. According to chemical analysis, we discuss the difference spatial character of ion chemistry and environmental isotope in lakes and groundwater of the desert and adjacent. Contrasting with ion chemistry and isotope results in other arid area, we argue origin of groundwater and lakes in the desert area, and get a preliminary understanding of desert lakes’ evolution during Holocene. Some main conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. It has a obvious difference in hydrophysical parameters between lakes and groundwater in the desert and margin. 2. The results of ion analysis show that Na+ and Cl- are dominant in most lakes of the desert. Meanwhile, Na+ 、Cl- and HCO3- are dominant in groundwater of the desert and adjacent, and alsoMg2+、Ca2+、and NO3- have more percentage than in lakes. 3. Owing to different solubilities, the conten of main ions in water varies with the content of TDS. Whereas the content of TDS is over 100 g/L, the content of SO42-、HCO3-、Mg2+and Ca2+ in lakes descend. 4. The result of isotope analyzing indicate the lakes and groundwater in southeast desert have a similar vaporing trend with the groundwater in the southeast margin of the desert. It imply there would have some kind of contact between groundwater in margin and lakes of southeast desert. 5. Contrasting with isotope results of groundwater in other arid area, it show that the groundwater in the desert and Yabulai area should be phreatic water which have a low water table. Therefore, we conclude that the groundwater in southeast part of the desert and southern margin mainly are recharged by precipitation of local abundant rainfall and groundwater of low mountain of southern area. 6. And all of these evidences, which are different from salinity, the content of CO32- and geological data, show that the bigger northern lake group and southeastern lake group in the desert have different groundwater replenishing system because a fold belt lie between of the two group lakes and obstruct them in landform. and HCO3- 7. The 14C dating results of fossil and lacustrine deposits show that there maybe have a wider range of shoreline during early and middle Holocene than today. 8. By the discovery and study of some pieces of pottery and fine stoneware, we preliminary conclude that there maybe have some certain amount of early human activities in the Badain Jaran Desert.

Hierarchical Shape Description of Objects by Selection and Modification of Prototypes

An approach towards shape description, based on prototype modification and generalized cylinders, has been developed and applied to the object domains pottery and polyhedra: (1) A program describes and identifies pottery from vase outlines entered as lists of points. The descriptions have been modeled after descriptions by archeologists, with the result that identifications made by the program are remarkably consisten with those of the archeologists. It has been possible to quantify their shape descriptors, which are everyday terms in our language applied to many sorts of objects besides pottery, so that the resulting descriptions seem very natural. (2) New parsing strategies for polyhedra overcome some limitations of previous work. A special feature is that the processes of parsing and identification are carried out simultaneously.

Women Potters: Transforming Traditions

Vincentelli, Moira, Women Potters: Transforming Traditions (London: A and C Black, 2003) RAE2008

Land Use and Military Supply in the Highland Zone of Roman Britain

Davies, Jeffrey. 'Land Use and Military Supply in the Highland Zone of Roman Britain', In: Artefacts and Archaeology. Aspects of the Celtic and Roman World (University of Wales Press, 2002), pp.44-61 RAE2008

Phase II Archaeological Excavations at 99 Main Street, 18AP21 (Sign of the Whale), Annapolis, Maryland

Historical Annapolis Foundation (HAF) conducted terrestrial archaeological investigations at site 18AP21 in the city of Annapolis, Maryland. Excavations were carried out at this National Register site ostensibly as a Phase II project to evaluate the site and assess the need for further work. The site is at 99 Main Street in the center of downtown Annapolis, near the Annapolis waterfront. The project was carried out as part of the advanced work for the Annapolis History Center project, to be built in the adjoining buildings of 99 Main and 196 Green Streets. The buildings are the property of the Historic Annapolis Foundation and located in Maryland Research Unit 7. The excavations were undertaken by HAF, and funded by HAFF. The work was conducted for HAF and MHT, who holds an archaeological easement on the property. This preliminary phase of work included stratigraphic excavation of two testpit units. These two units revealed that the site of the existing 99 Main Street building was the location of three previous constructions. The current building at 99 Main Street, built in 1791, was preceded by an earlier brick dwelling, evidenced by a stout pier of bricks, which was attached to a wooden-sided structure that stood on a foundation of brick and stone. Ceramics indicate that these buildings date to the early-middle of the 18th century. A third structure of post-in-ground construction, evidenced by recovery of burned posts and wood fragments, likely existed prior to these, but evidence was scant. These excavations reveal that the site of 18AP21 holds potential for understanding Annapolis's early cultural developments, especially in the area of initial settlement and the origins of waterfront commerce. The assemblage of artifacts recovered includes a broad sample of common 18th century pottery such as creamware and Chinese export porcelain, and also includes some early colonial types such as tin-glazed earthenware and various red-bodied slipwares. The excavations do not provide conclusive evidence of the construction sequence. Consultation with MHT representatives indicates that further work at the site will likely be needed before modifications to the floor of the building can progress.

The use of cues for attention in ancient Greek art: aspects that influence concentration in the work of art and its elements

The goal of this study is to identify cues for the cognitive process of attention in ancient Greek art, aiming to find confirmation of its possible use by ancient Greek audiences and artists. Evidence of cues that trigger attention’s psychological dispositions was searched through content analysis of image reproductions of ancient Greek sculpture and fine vase painting from the archaic to the Hellenistic period - ca. 7th -1st cent. BC. Through this analysis, it was possible to observe the presence of cues that trigger orientation to the work of art (i.e. amplification, contrast, emotional salience, simplification, symmetry), of a cue that triggers a disseminate attention to the parts of the work (i.e. distribution of elements) and of cues that activate selective attention to specific elements in the work of art (i.e. contrast of elements, salient color, central positioning of elements, composition regarding the flow of elements and significant objects). Results support the universality of those dispositions, probably connected with basic competencies that are hard-wired in the nervous system and in the cognitive processes.

The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya)

The 1950s excavations by Charles McBurney in the Haua Fteah, a large karstic cave on the coast of northeast Libya, revealed a deep sequence of human occupation. Most subsequent research on North African prehistory refers to his discoveries and interpretations, but the chronology of its archaeological and geological sequences has been based on very early age determinations. This paper reports on the initial results of a comprehensive multi-method dating program undertaken as part of new work at the site, involving radiocarbon dating of charcoal, land snails and marine shell, cryptotephra investigations, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments, and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of tooth enamel. The dating samples were collected from the newly exposed and cleaned faces of the upper 7.5m of the ~14.0m-deep McBurney trench, which contain six of the seven major cultural phases that he identified. Despite problems of sediment transport and reworking, using a Bayesian statistical model the new dating program establishes a robust framework for the five major lithostratigraphic units identified in the stratigraphic succession, and for the major cultural units. The age of two anatomically modern human mandibles found by McBurney in Layer XXXIII near the base of his Levalloiso-Mousterian phase can now be estimated to between 73 and 65ka (thousands of years ago) at the 95.4% confidence level, within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. McBurney's Layer XXV, associated with Upper Palaeolithic Dabban blade industries, has a clear stratigraphic relationship with Campanian Ignimbrite tephra. Microlithic Oranian technologies developed following the climax of the Last Glacial Maximum and the more microlithic Capsian in the Younger Dryas. Neolithic pottery and perhaps domestic livestock were used in the cave from the mid Holocene but there is no certain evidence for plant cultivation until the Graeco-Roman period. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Cultivating Compassion through analysis of online patient narratives

Compassion is at the forefront of national and international healthcare policy, practice and educational debates as a result of a series of recent reports (Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Inquiry, 2010, Lown et al 2011, Mannion, 2014). Arguably, this emphasis on compassion is in juxtaposition to an increasingly complex technological healthcare system focused upon outcomes, efficiency, productivity and competence. Within this fast paced and time pressured environment innovative strategies are required to cultivate and sustain compassion among healthcare professionals.

Understanding the person’s experience of illness and making an emotional connection are key processes in cultivating compassion (Dewar, 2013). The exponential growth in unsolicited patient narratives has the potential to provide invaluable insight into what matters to patients and their experience of illness. For many patients these stories ‘reclaim’ their illnesses from the traditional biomedical model of disease and reveal otherwise hidden aspects of their experience. The content though freely accessible, is however unedited and lacks safeguards in relation to the quality or accuracy of the information provided. Despite these concerns, healthcare professionals are now challenged to pay attention to these unsolicited patient stories and to consider how they can inform and improve patient care.

This paper discusses the use of online patient narratives in undergraduate nurse education to cultivate compassion. Critical analysis of online patient narratives is advocated as a potential educational strategy to cultivate compassion among future health care professionals.

References
Dewar,B. (2013) Cultivating compassionate care Nursing Standard 27, (34) 48-55

Lown B, Rosen J, Martilla J.(2011) An agenda for improving compassionate care: a survey shows about half of patients say such care is missing. Health Affairs (Millwood) 30, 1772–8.
Mannion,R. (2014) Enabling compassionate healthcare: perils, prospects and perspectives International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2, 115-7
Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Inquiry (2010). Independent Inquiry into care provided by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation London: Stationery Office.

King David’s City at Khirbet Qeiyafa: Results of the Second Radiocarbon Dating Project

Fifteen samples of burnt olive pits discovered inside a jar in the destruction layer of the Iron Age city of Khirbet Qeiyafa were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Of these, four were halved and sent to two different laboratories to minimize laboratory bias. The dating of these samples is ~1000 BC. Khirbet Qeiyafa is currently the earliest known example of a fortified city in the Kingdom of Judah and contributes direct evidence to the heated debate on the biblical narrative relating to King David. Was he the real historical ruler of an urbanized state-level society in the early 10th century BC or was this level of social development reached only at the end of the 8th century BC? We can conclude that there were indeed fortified centers in the Davidic kingdom from the studies presented. In addition, the dating of Khirbet Qeiyafa has far-reaching implications for the entire Levant. The discovery of Cypriot pottery at the site connects the 14C datings to Cyprus and the renewal of maritime trade between the island and the mainland in the Iron Age. A stone temple model from Khirbet Qeiyafa, decorated with triglyphs and a recessed doorframe, points to an early date for the development of this typical royal architecture of the Iron Age Levant.