Sexualidade e envelhecimento na percepção de pessoas idosas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dos pés à cabeça: a reestruturação produtiva e a atuação das mulheres nas indústrias no município de Franca/SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

“Como uma comunidade”: formas associativas em Santo Antonio/PA: imbricações entre parentesco, gênero e identidade

Este trabalho analisa as relações sociais, políticas e culturais de um grupo rural auto-definido e identificado como quilombola. O objetivo é entender como esses agentes sociais elaboram suas práticas cotidianas e desenvolvem formas associativas no povoado de Santo Antonio, no município de Concórdia no estado do Pará. Com esta análise da atuação de homens e mulheres nesse processo o interesse é também de compreender as interações entre parentesco, gênero e identidade como constitutivas desse sistema social.

Trabalho, adoecimento e saúde: aspectos sociais da pesca artesanal no Pará

Este é um estudo sobre a relação trabalho, saúde e doença no cenário da pesca artesanal no Estado do Pará em que buscamos apreender a complexidade das questões relativas à saúde dos trabalhadores valendo-nos da contribuição das ciências sociais. Somam-se neste estudo os aportes disciplinares da sociologia, da psicodinâmica do trabalho, da antropologia da saúde, com o que buscamos melhor nos aproximar de um desejado enfoque interdisciplinar. Dada a vinculação desta pesquisa aos referenciais do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador, orientação paradigmática que sustenta as noções e análises nela presentes, enfatizamos o papel estruturador que o trabalho assume na vida dos pescadores artesanais, bem como na conformação dos valores, concepções e na forma com que constroem e lidam com as questões relativas à sua saúde, sem descurar as dimensões social e subjetiva presentes na dinâmica do processo saúde-doença em sua relação com o trabalho. Como afirma Minayo (2004a) o enfoque da pesquisa qualitativa em saúde, nossa referência metodológica para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, é a fala dos sujeitos, suas concepções de saúde e doença, para o que foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pescadores de cada um dos municípios, que voluntariamente concordaram em participar do estudo. Para um aprofundamento quanto aos aspectos referentes aos processos de adoecimento e as possíveis relações com a atividade laboral desenvolvida por esses trabalhadores, valemo-nos também do instrumento da observação participante, acompanhando os pescadores durante a sua atividade de trabalho. O material obtido envolve 23 entrevistas com informantes de 6 (seis) municípios do Estado do Pará: Abaetetuba, Igarapé-Miri, Mocajuba, Bragança, Salinópolis e São Caetano de Odivelas, todos eles municípios onde a pesca artesanal desempenha papel importante na economia local e agrega um grande contingente de trabalhadores, permitindo-nos assim observar distintas realidades da atividade no Pará, que dispõe de uma diversidade de ecossistemas aquáticos, apresentando ambientes de águas continentais, estuarinas e marítimas, nos quais a pesca é desenvolvida com inúmeras adaptações e particularidades. A escolha para referencial de análise é a hermenêutica dialética, entendida como nos diz Minayo (2004a, p. 227), como um “caminho do pensamento”, a partir do que se busca entender a fala, o depoimento, como resultado do processo social (trabalho e dominação), para o qual o olhar ampliado, perscrutador, sobre o cenário da vida e do trabalho se apresenta imprescindível. Buscamos então estabelecer “o campo das determinações fundamentais”, qual seja o contexto sócio-histórico desse conjunto de trabalhadores, ressaltando, dentre vários aspectos, a importância dos pescadores artesanais e sua inserção no sistema de produção; suas condições de reprodução (trabalho, renda, moradia, acesso a bens e serviços etc.); acesso a políticas de seguridade social, enfatizando a compreensão que entende as concepções de saúde e doença enquanto conceitos construídos historicamente, vivamente permeados pelas condições histórico-sociais dos indivíduos e particularmente demarcados em sua relação com o trabalho.

Significados do trabalho para servidores técnicos e administrativos de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no interior paulista

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Interdependência entre os níveis de atenção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): significado de integralidade apresentado por trabalhadores da Atenção Primária

Integrality constitutes an important principle of the SUS, achieved through the struggles of the Brazilian health movement. It represents an expansion of the concepts of health and illness, to include the social determinants of healthcare needs. Intending to investigate the meanings of integrality reported by primary care workers, a study was developed in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, concerning distinct technological work organization models in primary healthcare units. Among the results, the dimension of system integrality appeared with greatest frequency, according to analysis on focus groups. The workers pointed out difficulties in integration and communication between the healthcare levels, determined by selective social policies and medium/high-technology services delegated to the private market. The theoretical-philosophical framework of this study was based on cultural-historical psychology, taking into consideration the categories of work/activity, consciousness, mediation and totality.

Multiplex-Genotypisierung forensisch relevanter SNPs unter Verwendung von Microarrays auf chemisch aktivierten Glasflächen

Die Analyse tandem-repetitiver DNA-Sequenzen hat einen festen Platz als genetisches Typisierungsverfahren in den Breichen der stammesgeschichtlichen Untersuchung, der Verwandtschaftsanalyse und vor allem in der forensischen Spurenkunde, bei der es durch den Einsatz der Multiplex-PCR-Analyse von Short Tandem Repeat-Systemen (STR) zu einem Durchbruch bei der Aufklärung und sicheren Zuordnung von biologischen Tatortspuren kam. Bei der Sequenzierung des humanen Genoms liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den genetisch polymorphen Sequenzvariationen im Genom, den SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). Zwei ihrer Eigenschaften – das häufige Vorkommen innerhalb des humanen Genoms und ihre vergleichbar geringe Mutationsrate – machen sie zu besonders gut geeigneten Werkzeugen sowohl für die Forensik als auch für die Populationsgenetik.rnZum Ziel des EU-Projekts „SNPforID“, aus welchem die vorliegende Arbeit entstanden ist, wurde die Etablierung neuer Methoden zur validen Typisierung von SNPs in Multiplexverfahren erklärt. Die Berücksichtigung der Sensitivität bei der Untersuchung von Spuren sowie die statistische Aussagekraft in der forensischen Analyse standen dabei im Vordergrund. Hierfür wurden 52 autosomale SNPs ausgewählt und auf ihre maximale Individualisierungsstärke hin untersucht. Die Untersuchungen der ersten 23 selektierten Marker stellen den ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit dar. Sie umfassen die Etablierung des Multiplexverfahrens und der SNaPshot™-Typisierungsmethode sowie ihre statistische Auswertung. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind ein Teil der darauf folgenden, in enger Zusammenarbeit der Partnerlaboratorien durchgeführten Studie der 52-SNP-Multiplexmethode. rnEbenfalls im Rahmen des Projekts und als Hauptziel der Dissertation erfolgten Etablierung und Evaluierung des auf der Microarray-Technologie basierenden Verfahrens der Einzelbasenverlängerung auf Glasobjektträgern. Ausgehend von einer begrenzten DNA-Menge wurde hierbei die Möglichkeit der simultanen Hybridisierung einer möglichst hohen Anzahl von SNP-Systemen untersucht. Die Auswahl der hierbei eingesetzten SNP-Marker erfolgte auf der Basis der Vorarbeiten, die für die Etablierung des 52-SNP-Multiplexes erfolgreich durchgeführt worden waren. rnAus einer Vielzahl von Methoden zur Genotypisierung von biallelischen Markern hebt sich das Assay in seiner Parallelität und der Einfachheit des experimentellen Ansatzes durch eine erhebliche Zeit- und Kostenersparnis ab. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das „array of arrays“-Prinzip eingesetzt, um zur gleichen Zeit unter einheitlichen Versuchsbedingungen zwölf DNA-Proben auf einem Glasobjektträger zu typisieren. Auf der Basis von insgesamt 1419 typisierten Allelen von 33 Markern konnte die Validierung mit einem Typisierungserfolg von 86,75% abgeschlossen werden. Dabei wurden zusätzlich eine Reihe von Randbedingungen in Bezug auf das Sonden- und Primerdesign, die Hybridisierungsbedingungen sowie physikalische Parameter der laserinduzierten Fluoreszenzmessung der Signale ausgetestet und optimiert. rn

Illegitimate tasks associated with higher cortisol levels among male employees when subjective health is relatively low: an intra-individual analysis

Objectives Illegitimate tasks refer to tasks that do not conform to what can appropriately be expected from an employee. Violating role expectations, they constitute “identity-stressors”, as one’s professional role tends to become part of one’s identity. The current study investigated the impact of illegitimate tasks on salivary cortisol. We analyzed data on an intra-individual level, that is, by examining fluctuations in illegitimate tasks and cortisol within individuals. Furthermore, we investigated the moderating role of perceived health, expecting that illegitimate tasks evoke stronger reactions when perceived health is relatively poor. Methods Illegitimate tasks, salivary cortisol, and perceived health were assessed in each of three waves (time lag: 6 months) in a sample of 104 male employees. Data were analyzed by multilevel analysis using group mean centering. Results Controlling for social stressors, work interruptions, and emotional stability, the experience of more illegitimate tasks was associated with increased cortisol release if personal health resources were low compared to one’s mean value of perceived health. Results cannot be explained by inter-individual differences. Conclusions This is the first study showing that illegitimate tasks predict a biological indicator of stress, thus confirming and extending previous research on illegitimate tasks. The moderating role of perceived health confirms its importance as a personal resource, implying augmented vulnerability when perceived health is below its usual value. It is plausible to assume that increased stress reactions due to relatively poor health may further weaken available personal resources. Both avoiding illegitimate tasks and restoring personal health seem to be crucial.

“Facebook Style”: The use of non-standard features in virtual speech conditioned by the medium Facebook

Facebook is a medium of social interaction producing its own style. I study how users from Malaga create this style through phonic features of the local variety and how they reflect on the use of these features. I then analyse the use of non-standard features by users from Malaga and compare them to an oral corpus. Results demonstrate that social factors work differently in real and virtual speech. Facebook communication is seen as a style serving to create social meaning and to express linguistic identity.

Patient-rated Outcomes of Lumbar Fusion in Patients with Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine: Does Age Matter?

Introduction: Current demographic changes are characterized by population aging, such that the surgical treatment of degenerative spine conditions in the elderly is gaining increasing relevance. However, there is a general reluctance to consider spinal fusion procedures in this patient age group due to the increased likelihood of complications. The aim of this study was to assess the patient-rated outcome and complication rates associated with lumbar fusion procedures in three different age groups. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive patients who underwent first-time, one to three level posterior instrumented fusion between 2004 and 2011, due to degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Data were obtained from our Spine Surgery Outcomes Database (linked to the International Spine Tango Register). Before surgery, patients completed the multidimensional Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI), and at 3 and 12 months after surgery they completed the COMI and rated the Global Treatment Outcome (GTO) and their satisfaction with care. Patients were divided into three groups according to their age: younger (≥50y <65y; n = 317), older (≥65y <80y; n = 350), and geriatric (≥ 80y; n = 40). Results: 707 consecutive patients were included. The preoperative comorbidity status differed significantly (p < 0.0001) between the age groups, with the highest scores in the geriatric group. General medical complications during surgery were lower in the younger age group (7%) than in the older (13.4%; p = 0.006) and geriatric groups (17.5%; p = 0.007). Duration of hospital stay was longer (p = 0.006) in the older group (10.8 ± 3.7 days) than the younger (10.0 ± 3.6 days) group. There were no significant group differences (p>0.05) for any of the COMI domains covering pain, function, symptom specific well-being, general quality of life, and social and work disability at either 3 months’ or 12 months’ follow-up. Similarly, there were no differences (p>0.05) between the age groups for GTO and patient-rated satisfaction at either follow-up. Conclusions: Preoperative comorbidity and general medical complications during lumbar fusion for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine are both greater in geriatric patients than in younger patients. However, patient-rated outcome is as good in the elderly as it is in younger age groups. These data suggest that geriatric age per se is not a contraindication to instrumented fusion for lumbar degenerative disease.

Internet-mediated Phonetics

Facebook is a medium of social interaction producing its own style. The present study analyses how users from Malaga create this style through phonetic features of the local Spanish variety and how they reflect on the use of these features. Moreover, the use of non-standard variants by users from Malaga is examined and compared to an oral corpus. Results demonstrate that social factors work differently in real and virtual speech. Thus, the electronic medium constrains the phonetics of the local variety employed on Facebook. Facebook communication is seen as a style serving to create social meaning and to express linguistic identity.

Ética de la investigación con personas

En toda investigación conviven aspectos técnicos metodológicos, aspectos científicos y aspectos sociales. En investigaciones con personas, no es suficiente solicitar el consentimiento informado para decir que se respetó la ética de la investigación. La consideración y constitución ética del trabajo científico y el respeto por la persona participante en el estudio es primordial.

Los sinsabores de la economía. Infancia trabajadora y familia en el siglo XIX porteño

Nuestro propósito será analizar ideas que consideramos básales para abordar el análisis de las problemáticas resultantes en las relaciones familiares producidas por la incorporación de niños y niñas en el mundo laboral en el marco dado por el siglo XIX porteño.

Los sinsabores de la economía. Infancia trabajadora y familia en el siglo XIX porteño

Nuestro propósito será analizar ideas que consideramos básales para abordar el análisis de las problemáticas resultantes en las relaciones familiares producidas por la incorporación de niños y niñas en el mundo laboral en el marco dado por el siglo XIX porteño.

Los sinsabores de la economía. Infancia trabajadora y familia en el siglo XIX porteño

Nuestro propósito será analizar ideas que consideramos básales para abordar el análisis de las problemáticas resultantes en las relaciones familiares producidas por la incorporación de niños y niñas en el mundo laboral en el marco dado por el siglo XIX porteño.