999 resultados para Sistemas inteligentes. Redes de escoamento de petróleo. Lógica fuzzy


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Foundation Fieldbus Industrial networks are the high standard technology which allows users to create complex control logic and totally decentralized. Although being so advanced, they still have some limitations imposed by their own technology. Attempting to solve one of these limitations, this paper describes how to design a Fuzzy controller in a Foundation Fieldbus network using their basic elements of programming, the functional blocks, so that the network remains fully independent of other devices other than the same instruments that constitute it. Moreover, in this work was developed a tool that aids this process of building the Fuzzy controller, setting the internal parameters of functional blocks and informing how many and which blocks should be used for a given structure. The biggest challenge in creating this controller is exactly the choice of blocks and how to arrange them in order to effectuate the same functions of a Fuzzy controller implemented in other kind of environment. The methodology adopted was to divide each one of the phases of a traditional Fuzzy controller and then create simple structures with the functional blocks to implement them. At the end of the work, the developed controller is compared with a Fuzzy controller implemented in a mathematical program that it has a proper tool for the development and implementation of Fuzzy controllers, obtaining comparatives graphics of performance between both

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The high concentration of residual oil is one of the greatest problems found in petroleum mature fields. In these reservoirs, different enhanced oil recovery methods (EOR) can be used, highlighting the microemulsion injection. The microemulsion has showed to be efficient in petroleum recovery due to its ability to promote an efficient displacement of the petroleum, acting directly in the residual oil. In this way, this research has as objective the study of microemulsion systems obtained using a commercial surfactant (TP), determining microemulsion thermal stabilities and selecting points inside the pseudoternary phases diagram, evaluating its efficiencies and choosing the best system, that has the following composition: TP as surfactant (S), isopropyl alcohol as co-surfactant (C), kerosene as oil phase, water as aqueous phase, C/S ratio = 1, and 5% sodium p-toluenesulfonate as hydrotope; being observed the following parameters for the selection of the best pseudoternary phases diagram: C/S ratio, co-surfactant nature and addition of hydrotope to the system. The efficiency in petroleum recovery was obtained using two sandstone formation systems: Assu and Botucatu. The study of thermal stabilities showed that as the concentration of active matter in the system increased, the thermal stability also increased. The best thermal stability was obtained using point F (79.56 0C). The system that presented the best recovery percentile between the three selected (3) was composed by: 70% C/S, 2% kerosene and 28% water, with 94% of total recovery efficiency and 60% with microemulsion injection, using the Botucatu formation, that in a general way presented greater efficiencies as compared with the Assu one (81.3% of total recovery efficiency and 38.3% with microemulsion injection)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Máster Universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería (SIANI)

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El incremento de la esperanza de vida en los países desarrollados (más de 80 años en 2013), está suponiendo un crecimiento considerable en la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedades discapacitantes, que si bien pueden aparecer a edades tempranas, son más frecuentes en la tercera edad, o en sus inmediaciones. Enfermedades neuro-degenerativas que suponen un gran hándicap funcional, pues algunas de ellas están asociadas a movimientos involuntarios de determinadas partes del cuerpo, sobre todo de las extremidades. Tareas cotidianas como la ingesta de alimento, vestirse, escribir, interactuar con el ordenador, etc… pueden llegar a ser grandes retos para las personas que las padecen. El diagnóstico precoz y certero resulta fundamental para la prescripción de la terapia o tratamiento óptimo. Teniendo en cuenta incluso que en muchos casos, por desgracia la mayoría, sólo se puede actuar para mitigar los síntomas, y no para sanarlos, al menos de momento. Aun así, acertar de manera temprana en el diagnóstico supone proporcionar al enfermo una mayor calidad de vida durante mucho más tiempo, por lo cual el esfuerzo merece, y mucho, la pena. Los enfermos de Párkinson y de temblor esencial suponen un porcentaje importante de la casuística clínica en los trastornos del movimiento que impiden llevar una vida normal, que producen una discapacidad física y una no menos importante exclusión social. Las vías de tratamiento son dispares de ahí que sea crítico acertar en el diagnóstico lo antes posible. Hasta la actualidad, los profesionales y expertos en medicina, utilizan unas escalas cualitativas para diferenciar la patología y su grado de afectación. Dichas escalas también se utilizan para efectuar un seguimiento clínico y registrar la historia del paciente. En esta tesis se propone una serie de métodos de análisis y de identificación/clasificación de los tipos de temblor asociados a la enfermedad de Párkinson y el temblor esencial. Empleando técnicas de inteligencia artificial basadas en clasificadores inteligentes: redes neuronales (MLP y LVQ) y máquinas de soporte vectorial (SVM), a partir del desarrollo e implantación de un sistema para la medida y análisis objetiva del temblor: DIMETER. Dicho sistema además de ser una herramienta eficaz para la ayuda al diagnóstico, presenta también las capacidades necesarias para proporcionar un seguimiento riguroso y fiable de la evolución de cada paciente. ABSTRACT The increase in life expectancy in developed countries in more than 80 years (data belongs to 2013), is assuming considerable growth in the incidence and prevalence of disabling diseases. Although they may appear at an early age, they are more common in the elderly ages or in its vicinity. Nuero-degenerative diseases that are a major functional handicap, as some of them are associated with involuntary movements of certain body parts, especially of the limbs. Everyday tasks such as food intake, dressing, writing, interact with the computer, etc ... can become large debris for people who suffer. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for prescribing optimal therapy or treatment. Even taking into account that in many cases, unfortunately the majority, can only act to mitigate the symptoms, not to cure them, at least for now. Nevertheless, early diagnosis may provide the patient a better quality of life for much longer time, so the effort is worth, and much, grief. Sufferers of Parkinson's and essential tremor represent a significant percentage of clinical casuistry in movement disorders that prevent a normal life, leading to physical disability and not least social exclusion. There are various treatment methods, which makes it necessary the immediate diagnosis. Up to date, professionals and medical experts, use a qualitative scale to differentiate the disease and degree of involvement. Therefore, those scales are used in clinical follow-up. In this thesis, several methods of analysis and identification / classification of types of tremor associated with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor are proposed. Using artificial intelligence techniques based on intelligent classification: neural networks (MLP and LVQ) and support vector machines (SVM), starting from the development and implementation of a system for measuring and objective analysis of the tremor: DIMETER. This system besides being an effective tool to aid diagnosis, it also has the necessary capabilities to provide a rigorous and reliable monitoring of the evolution of each patient.

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A pesquisa apresenta uma adaptação do modelo matemático de lógica nebulosa. A adaptação é uma alternativa capaz de representar o comportamento de uma variável subjetiva ao longo de um intervalo de tempo, assim como tratar variáveis estáticas (como o modelo computacional existente). Pesquisas realizadas apontam para uma lacuna no tratamento de variáveis dinâmicas (dependência no tempo) e a proposta permite que o contexto em que as variáveis estão inseridas tenha um papel no entendimento e tomada de decisão de problemas com estas características. Modelos computacionais existentes tratam a questão temporal como sequenciador de eventos ou custo, sem considerar a influência de fenômenos passados na condição corrente, ao contrário do modelo proposto que permite uma contribuição dos acontecimentos anteriores no entendimento e tratamento do estado atual. Apenas para citar alguns exemplos, o uso da solução proposta pode ser aplicado na determinação de nível de conforto em transporte público ou auxiliar na aferição de grau de risco de investimentos no mercado de ações. Em ambos os casos, comparações realizadas entre o modelo de lógica nebulosa existente e a adaptação sugerida apontam uma diferença no resultado final que pode ser entendida como uma maior qualidade na informação de suporte à tomada de decisão.

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Smart structures and systems have the main purpose to mimic living organisms, which are essentially characterized by an autoregulatory behavior. Therefore, this kind of structure has adaptive characteristics with stimulus-response mechanisms. The term adaptive structure has been used to identify structural systems that are capable of changing their geometry or physical properties with the purpose of performing a specific task. In this work, a sliding mode controller with fuzzy inference is applied for active vibration control in an SMA two-bar truss. In order to obtain a simpler controller, a polynomial model is used in the control law, while a more sophisticated version, which presents close agreement with experimental data, is applied to describe the SMA behavior of the structural elements. This system has a rich dynamic response and can easily reach a chaotic behavior even at moderate loads and frequencies. Therefore, this approach has the advantage of not only obtaining a simpler control law, but also allows its robustness be evidenced. Numerical simulations are carried out in order to demonstrate the control system performance.

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Smart structures and systems have the main purpose to mimic living organisms, which are essentially characterized by an autoregulatory behavior. Therefore, this kind of structure has adaptive characteristics with stimulus-response mechanisms. The term adaptive structure has been used to identify structural systems that are capable of changing their geometry or physical properties with the purpose of performing a specific task. In this work, a sliding mode controller with fuzzy inference is applied for active vibration control in an SMA two-bar truss. In order to obtain a simpler controller, a polynomial model is used in the control law, while a more sophisticated version, which presents close agreement with experimental data, is applied to describe the SMA behavior of the structural elements. This system has a rich dynamic response and can easily reach a chaotic behavior even at moderate loads and frequencies. Therefore, this approach has the advantage of not only obtaining a simpler control law, but also allows its robustness be evidenced. Numerical simulations are carried out in order to demonstrate the control system performance.

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Programa de doctorado: Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

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A nanotecnologia é uma ciência multidisciplinar que consiste na otimização das propriedades da matéria permitindo assim o desenvolvimento de sistemas com um tamanho manométrico. A aplicação da nanotecnologia na medicina surge como um campo de pesquisa que esta a gerar um grande interesse, principalmente em sistemas de libertação controlada de fármacos. A nanotecnologia, e a sua aplicação na área da nanomedicina, em particular em drug delivery systems, tem sido alvo de um desenvolvimento acentuado. A administração de fármacos ocorre sobretudo por via oral ou por injeção direta no organismo. O percurso destes fármacos desde do local de entrada no organismo até ao tecido-alvo obriga que estes entrem em contato com os outros tecidos podendo interagir com eles. Deste modo, esta interação química pode produzir efeitos indesejáveis no organismo e reduzir a capacidade de ação do fármaco. Tem-se verificado, nas últimas décadas, um grande desenvolvimento de sistemas que contornam estes problemas, tais como a quantidade e o período de administração do fármaco bem como o seu local de libertação e atuação específicos. Este estudo surge com esta necessidade de se desenvolver sistemas de libertação controlada de fármacos. O objetivo destes sistemas inteligentes é controlar a libertação de fármacos por um dado período de tempo, a dose, a diminuição da toxidade, o aumento da permanência em circulação e o aumento da eficácia terapêutica através da libertação progressiva e controlada do fármaco por administrações menos frequentes. Além de todas estas vantagens, a administração destes sistemas possibilita a libertação dos fármacos em locais específicos, tais como em tumores e, assim, minimizar os efeitos colaterais indesejados dos fármacos em outros tecidos. O presente trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de novos biomateriais utilizando nanopartículas mesoporosas de sílica (MSN) e nanopartículas (NPs) metálicas de ouro para a aplicação a sistemas de libertação controlada de fármacos. Para isto, estudou-se a libertação de doxorrubicina (DOX) encapsulada em NPs e nanocápsulas mesoporosas de sílica tanto em solução como em superfícies como em vidro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as NPs apresentam uma grande capacidade de encapsulação com 36 ng DOX/mg partícula. O tempo de libertação em superfície (vidro) foi estimado em 50 horas enquanto que em solução obteve-se um período inferior a 10 horas. Em relação as NPs de ouro pode-se observar como estas promovem a libertação do fármaco ao serem irradiadas mediante um laser. Deste modo, estas NPs podem ser úteis para sistemas de libertação controlada de fármacos e para várias aplicações na nanomedicina.

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The petrochemical industry has as objective obtain, from crude oil, some products with a higher commercial value and a bigger industrial utility for energy purposes. These industrial processes are complex, commonly operating with large production volume and in restricted operation conditions. The operation control in optimized and stable conditions is important to keep obtained products quality and the industrial plant safety. Currently, industrial network has been attained evidence when there is a need to make the process control in a distributed way. The Foundation Fieldbus protocol for industrial network, for its interoperability feature and its user interface organized in simple configuration blocks, has great notoriety among industrial automation network group. This present work puts together some benefits brought by industrial network technology to petrochemical industrial processes inherent complexity. For this, a dynamic reconfiguration system for intelligent strategies (artificial neural networks, for example) based on the protocol user application layer is proposed which might allow different applications use in a particular process, without operators intervention and with necessary guarantees for the proper plant functioning