Estimates of patient costs related with population morbidity: Can indirect costs affect the results?

A number of health economics works require patient cost estimates as a basic information input.However the accuracy of cost estimates remains in general unspecified. We propose to investigate howthe allocation of indirect costs or overheads can affect the estimation of patient costs in order to allow forimprovements in the analysis of patient costs estimates. Instead of focusing on the costing method, thispaper proposes to highlight changes in variance explained observed when a methodology is chosen. Wecompare three overhead allocation methods for a specific Spanish population adjusted using the ClinicalRisk Groups (CRG), and we obtain different series of full-cost group estimates. As a result, there aresignificant gains in the proportion of the variance explained, depending upon the methodology used.Furthermore, we find that the global amount of variation explained by risk adjustment models dependsmainly on direct costs and is independent of the level of aggregation used in the classification system.

Spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll distributions and geostrophic estimates on the Peru shelf at 9°S

Estudio del perfil de la plataforma del Peru a los 9°S. Datos colectados mediante Batfish en zig zag

Inequalities for a new data-based method for selecting nonparametric density estimates

We continue the development of a method for the selection of a bandwidth or a number of design parameters in density estimation. We provideexplicit non-asymptotic density-free inequalities that relate the $L_1$ error of the selected estimate with that of the best possible estimate,and study in particular the connection between the richness of the classof density estimates and the performance bound. For example, our methodallows one to pick the bandwidth and kernel order in the kernel estimatesimultaneously and still assure that for {\it all densities}, the $L_1$error of the corresponding kernel estimate is not larger than aboutthree times the error of the estimate with the optimal smoothing factor and kernel plus a constant times $\sqrt{\log n/n}$, where $n$ is the sample size, and the constant only depends on the complexity of the family of kernels used in the estimate. Further applications include multivariate kernel estimates, transformed kernel estimates, and variablekernel estimates.

Iowa County Precipitation Estimates, 2008

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

County Precipitation Estimates, January 2008

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

Iowa County Precipitation Estimates, Departure from Normal 2008

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

Iowa County Precipitation Estimates, Departure from Normal 2008

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

Iowa Preliminary County Precipitation Estimates, July 2009

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

Iowa Preliminary County Precipitation Estimates, July 2009

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau.

County Precipitation Estimates, October 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.

County Precipitation Estimates, November 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.

County Precipitation Estimates, December 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.

County Snowfall Estimates, November 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.

County Snowfall Estimates, December 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.

County Precipitation Estimates, January 2001

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. The Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service.