América Latina y la economía mundial del café

Incluye Bibliografía

Oligopolio transnacional en la industria de café y el caso de Colombia = Transnational oligopoly in the coffee industry and the case of Colombia

Incluye Bibliografía

Impactos potenciales del cambio climático sobre el café en Centroamérica

En este documento, producto del programa de trabajo conjunto de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y los Ministerios de Agricultura de los países miembros del Consejo Agropecuario Centroamericano del Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SICA), coordinado con su Secretaría Ejecutiva (SECAC) y su Grupo Técnico de Cambio Climático y Gestión Integral de Riesgo, se estudia la relación de la temperatura y la precipitación y otras variables con los rendimientos en 95 unidades geográficas subnacionales productores del café en los siete países de Centroamérica en la década del 2000. Valiéndose del método de funciones de producción, se estiman los impactos potenciales del cambio climático sobre estos rendimientos durante el presente siglo, utilizando dos escenarios del Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (IPCC), una con una trayectoria de alza de emisiones menor (B2) y otra de emisiones crecientes e inacción global cercana a la trayectoria endencial actual (A2).

Compostos bioativos e atividade sequestrante de radicais livres de quatro cultivares do Coffea arabica L. em diferentes estádios de maturação dos frutos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O uso do território por agentes torrefadores de cafés especiais do sul de Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Gene expression profile during coffee fruit development and identification of candidate markers for phenological stages

The objective of this work was to identify genes that could be used as suitable markers for molecular recognition of phenological stages during coffee (Coffea arabica) fruit development. Four cultivars were evaluated as to their differential expression of genes associated to fruit development and maturation processes. Gene expression was characterized by both semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, in fruit harvested at seven different developmental stages, during three different seasons. No size polymorphisms or differential expression were observed among the cultivars for the evaluated genes; however, distinct expression profiles along fruit development were determined for each gene. Four out of the 28 evaluated genes exhibited a regular expression profile in all cultivars and harvest seasons, and, therefore, they were validated as candidate phenological markers of coffee fruit. The gene a-galactosidase can be used as a marker of green stage, caffeine synthase as a marker of transition to green and yellowish-green stages, and isocitrate lyase and ethylene receptor 3 as markers of late maturation.

The Pst system of Streptococcus mutans is important for phosphate transport and adhesion to abiotic surfaces

The Pst system is a high-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter found in many bacterial species. Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of tooth decay, carries a single copy of the pst operon composed of six cistrons (pstS, pstC1, pstC, pstB, smu.1134 and phoU). Here, we show that deletion of pstS, encoding the phosphate-binding protein, reduces phosphate uptake and impairs cell growth, which can be restored upon enrichment of the medium with high concentrations of inorganic phosphate. The relevance of Pst for growth was also demonstrated in the wild-type strain treated with an anti-PstS antibody. Nevertheless, a reduced ability to bind to saliva-coated surfaces was observed, along with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharide production, although no difference on pH acidification was observed between mutant and wild-type strains. Taken together, the present data indicate that the S.similar to mutans Pst system participates in phosphate uptake, cell growth and expression of virulence-associated traits.

Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society. Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students. This approach included dialogue and discussion with community members. In addition, small group dialogue and debate, world cafe discussions, written summaries of group discussion and reflection boards were used to bring new ideas to the discussion and to build upon what we know. Findings: Two research imperatives and six research recommendations were identified to advance global dialogue on work transitions and to advance the knowledge base. Occupational justice can be used to support future research directions in the study of work transitions. Conclusions: Moving forward requires a commitment of community of researchers, clinicians and stakeholders to address work disparities and implement solutions to promote participation in work.

Determinación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas subterráneas del noreste de Gran Canaria

[ES]La presencia de fármacos en el medio natural constituye una creciente preocupación dados los efectos adversos que pueden presentar. Después de ser consumidos y excretados, llegan a las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales, en las que pueden no ser eliminados completamente. La reutilización de aguas depuradas para riego puede ser una fuente de contaminación en el agua subterránea, por lo que se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el acuífero subyacente a un campo de golf regado con aguas depuradas desde 1973 en el NE de Gran Canaria. Las muestras seleccionadas proceden de agua de riego, agua de lixiviado del suelo y aguas subterráneas. Los compuestos determinados fueron atenolol, metamizol, fluoxetina, cafeína, la paraxantina, nicotina y permetrina

THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GASOLINE TURBOCHARGED DIRECT INJECTION (GTDI) ENGINE UTILIZING LEAN OPERATION AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)

The push for improved fuel economy and reduced emissions has led to great achievements in engine performance and control. These achievements have increased the efficiency and power density of gasoline engines dramatically in the last two decades. With the added power density, thermal management of the engine has become increasingly important. Therefore it is critical to have accurate temperature and heat transfer models as well as data to validate them. With the recent adoption of the 2025 Corporate Average Fuel Economy(CAFE) standard, there has been a push to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines even further. Lean and dilute combustion regimes along with waste heat recovery systems are being explored as options for improving efficiency. In order to understand how these technologies will impact engine performance and each other, this research sought to analyze the engine from both a 1st law energy balance perspective, as well as from a 2nd law exergy analysis. This research also provided insights into the effects of various parameters on in-cylinder temperatures and heat transfer as well as provides data for validation of other models. It was found that the engine load was the dominant factor for the energy distribution, with higher loads resulting in lower coolant heat transfer and higher brake work and exhaust energy. From an exergy perspective, the exhaust system provided the best waste heat recovery potential due to its significantly higher temperatures compared to the cooling circuit. EGR and lean combustion both resulted in lower combustion chamber and exhaust temperatures; however, in most cases the increased flow rates resulted in a net increase in the energy in the exhaust. The exhaust exergy, on the other hand, was either increased or decreased depending on the location in the exhaust system and the other operating conditions. The effects of dilution from lean operation and EGR were compared using a dilution ratio, and the results showed that lean operation resulted in a larger increase in efficiency than the same amount of dilution with EGR. Finally, a method for identifying fuel spray impingement from piston surface temperature measurements was found. Note: The material contained in this section is planned for submission as part of a journal article and/or conference paper in the future.

The Acropolitan - v. 1, no. 5

In this issue...Big Butte, M Days, Thornton Hotel, Butte, Montana, Hennessy's, Anaconda Copper Mining Geological Department, Gamer's Cafe

The Acropolitan - v. 6, no. 1

In this issue...Francis A. Thomson, registration, Chequamegon Cafe, Butte, Montana, M club, Mines Tennis Club, Sigma RHO, Chester H. Steele, Diamond Mine

The Acropolitan - v. 8, no. 5

In this issue...Dr. A. E. Koenig, Magma Yearbook, Montana School of Mines Museum, M whitewash, Commencement, Anderson-Carlisle Technical Society, Gamer's Cafe

A Geological Report on South Boulder Canyon and The Mayflower Mine-Renova Areas

The purpose of this report is to serve as a written explanation of the accompanying geologic maps and columnar sec­tion. Each year the senior students in mining and geological engineering at the Montana School of Mines spend two weeks in the field where they learn the fundamentals of geologic mapping and related field studies. An additional week is spent at the school where maps are assembled, prints made, end other work is done in preparation for the writing of the report.

The Amplifier - v. 5, no. 1

In this issue...Glee Club, Naranche Stadium, Circle K club, Coffee Shop, Fulbright Scholarship, U.S. Civil Service, Phil Judd, Frank H. Kelly, Butte High School