Utriusque Hollandiae, Zelandiae, Frisiaeque Curiae decisiones ; item Tractatus de feudi Hollandici Frisicique Occidentalis origine & successione, nec non Curiae Feudalis ejusdem provinciae observationum feudisticarum decades sex, quarum quinque posthumae nunquam ante-hac editae ; accedunt De pactis antenuptialibus observationes & decisiones /

Signatures: (*)² 2[cross]² A-2Z⁴, ²[cross]⁴ A-2B⁴ a-m⁴.

Studien uber die senna.

Thesis (doctoral)--

Predictive Models for Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Spread Dynamics, Considering Frankliniella occidentalis Specific Life Processes as Influenced by the Virus

Several models have been studied on predictive epidemics of arthropod vectored plant viruses in an attempt to bring understanding to the complex but specific relationship between the three cornered pathosystem (virus, vector and host plant), as well as their interactions with the environment. A large body of studies mainly focuses on weather based models as management tool for monitoring pests and diseases, with very few incorporating the contribution of vector's life processes in the disease dynamics, which is an essential aspect when mitigating virus incidences in a crop stand. In this study, we hypothesized that the multiplication and spread of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in a crop stand is strongly related to its influences on Frankliniella occidentalis preferential behavior and life expectancy. Model dynamics of important aspects in disease development within TSWV-F. occidentalis-host plant interactions were developed, focusing on F. occidentalis' life processes as influenced by TSWV. The results show that the influence of TSWV on F. occidentalis preferential behaviour leads to an estimated increase in relative acquisition rate of the virus, and up to 33% increase in transmission rate to healthy plants. Also, increased life expectancy; which relates to improved fitness, is dependent on the virus induced preferential behaviour, consequently promoting multiplication and spread of the virus in a crop stand. The development of vector-based models could further help in elucidating the role of tri-trophic interactions in agricultural disease systems. Use of the model to examine the components of the disease process could also boost our understanding on how specific epidemiological characteristics interact to cause diseases in crops. With this level of understanding we can efficiently develop more precise control strategies for the virus and the vector.

Effects of Low Molecular Weight Sulfated Galactan Fragments From Botryocladia Occidentalis on the Pharmacological and Enzymatic Activity of Spla2 From Crotalus Durissus Cascavella

Low molecular weight fragments of sulfated galactans (Boc-5 and Boc-10) from the red algae Botryocladia occidentalis significantly inhibited Crotalus durissus cascavella sPLA2 enzymatic activity. Equimolar ratios of sPLA2 to Boc-5 or Boc-10 resulted in allosteric inhibition of sPLA2. Under the conditions tested, we observed that both Boc-5 and Boc-10 strongly decreased edema, myonecrosis, and neurotoxicity induced by native sPLA2.

Local Use and Management of Tasba (Senna obtusifolia) in the Traditional Food System of Sanguere Paul, North Cameroon

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of the wild edible weed tasba (Senna obtusifolia) in Sanguéré Paul, Cameroon by examining how households use and manage the plant. This study found that local management of tasba is minimal compared to other traditional vegetables. Tasba was collected most frequently from en brousse or the communal, fallowed land which is often too degraded for traditional field crops to grow. Women subsistence farmers were closely involved with tasba as they are the ones responsible for food production within the family. Socioeconomic differences between women affects how they manage tasba and other vegetables to form a livelihood strategy to achieve food security within the family. Modifications and changes in management and use of tasba are influenced by time, proximity and income based on her perspective, preferences and resources available. Overall, tasba is an integral part of the traditional food system in Sanguéré Paul, and can play a role in the uncertain ecological and social setting of northern Cameroon.

Tospoviruses - An Australian perspective

The detection, distribution, molecular and biological properties, vector relations and control of tospoviruses present in Australia, including Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), are reviewed. TSWV occurs throughout Australia where it has caused serious sporadic epidemics since it was first described in the 1920s. The frequency and distribution of outbreaks has increased in the 1990s, with the arrival and dispersal of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) being one factor favouring this situation. The crops most frequently and severely affected are capsicum, lettuce, tomato, potato and several species of ornamentals. Minimal differences were found between the nucleocapsid (N) gene amino acid sequences of Australian isolates and these were most closely related to a clade of northern European isolates. CaCV was first detected in Australia in 1999 and is most closely related to Watermelon silver mottle virus, a serogroup IV tospovirus. The natural hosts include capsicum, tomato, peanut and Hoya spp. The virus also occurs in Thailand and Taiwan. IYSV was first found in Australia in 2003, infecting onion and leek, with the distribution in three States suggesting that the virus has been present for some time.

Seasonal abundance of thrips (Thysanoptera) in capsicum and chilli crops in south-east Queensland, Australia

Thrips can be important pests of capsicum and chilli crops, causing damage through their feeding and by vectoring viral diseases. As different species vary in their ability to transmit viruses and in their susceptibility to insecticides, it is important to know which species are present in a crop. The seasonal occurrence of thrips in capsicum and chilli crops in the Bundaberg district of south-east Queensland was investigated from July 2002 to June 2003. Fifty flowers were collected weekly from crops on seven farms and the adult thrips extracted and identified. Thrips palmi Karny and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were collected in the greatest numbers, with T. palmi predominant in autumn crops (March to July) and F. occidentalis predominant in spring crops (August to November). Pseudanaphothrips achaetus (Bagnall) was common, while Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips imaginis Bagnall and Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) were collected in low numbers.

Peligro aviario: Caracterización de la vegetación y determinación de las especies que son atractivas para la fauna silvestre en las areas verdes del Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto C. Sandino, Managua, Nicaragua

Se evaluó la diversidad, estructura y fenología de la flora en las áreas verdes del Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto C. Sandino con el fin de determinar las especies que son atractivas para fauna silvestre de peligro para la aviación, sea por que les provee de alimento o de refugio y hábitat. Y por otro lado, brindar recomendaciones sobre especies con potencial para formar parte de las áreas verdes del aeropuerto. Para ello, se establecieron parcelas anidadas de 2 x 2 m, 5 x 5 m y 10 x 10 m en las cuales se tomaron los datos en los estratos herbáceos, arbustivos y arbóreos respectivamente. Las parcelas se establecieron aleatoriamente en tres sitios dentro del aeropuerto: en el bosque seco al oeste del aeropuerto (BSO), en la Fuerza Aérea (FA) y en el área verde alrededor de la pista de aterrizaje (AVP). Dentro de las parcelas se contaron 117 árboles en todos los sitios, los cuales estaban agrupados en 11 especies, 10 géneros, 8 familias y 4 órdenes. Las especies arbóreas de mayor densidad fueron: Calycophyllum candidissimum(450 individuos/ ha), Albizia niopides (344), Azadirachta indica (289) y Senna siamea (261) y el sitio que presento mayor diversidad y densidad de árboles fue FA. Fueron contados 36 individuos de arbustos, pertenecientes a las especiesCapsicum annum (1) yLantana camara (35). En cuanto a especies herbáceas se contaron 11,845 individuos dentro de las unidades de muestreo, agrupados en 28 especies, 23 géneros, 14 familias y 13 órdenes, siendo el AVP el sitio que registró mayor diversidad y densidad de las mismas. Las especies herbáceas con mayores densidades fueron Cenchrus brownii (256,282.05 individuos/ha), Cynodon dactylon (141,538.46), Digitaria decumbens(106,794.87), Bothriochloa pertusa(51,282.05), Elytaria imbricada (38,846.15) y Panicum maximum (30,192.31). De las 41 especies vegetales, se determinó la fenología completa para 3�, de estas, 6 (�9.35%) florecen y fructifican todo el año:Cordia dentata, Boerhavia erecta, Chamaesyce hyssopifolia, Eleucine indica, Melanthera nivea y Rhynchosia minima. Entre las especies arbóreas mayormente atractivas para la fauna silvestre se determinaron: Albizia niopoides, Manguifera indica, Spondias mombin, Cordia dentata, Guazuma ulmifoliay Calycophyllum candidissimum al ser considerados proveedores de alimentos y refugio a la fauna silvestre, por sus frutos, flores con abundante néctar, copas con poca obstrucción visual (alta densidad de hojas) y ramificaciones horizontales propias para el perchaje de las aves de alto tamaño. Dentro de la vegetación herbáceas se determinaron especies como Tridax procumbensy Tribulus terrestis formando densos tapetes de vegetación con flores atractivas para insectos en el período seco, los cuales a la vez eran focos de atracción para aves insectívoras como: Hirundus rustica (Golondrinas), Quiscalus mexicanus (Zanate), Molotrus aeneus (Tordos), Egretta thula (Garza blanca) que permanecen en las áreas verdes alrededor de la pista de aterrizaje y que peligran colisionar con los aviones. Por otra parte, las especies de la familia Poaceae fueron registradas como proveedoras de granos a las aves del grupo de las Columbidae (Palomas). Especies de gramíneas de gran porte como Panicum maximum, P. antidotale, Sorgum halapensis, además de poseer semillas grandes (>0.3 cm), formaban corredores por donde se desplazan mamífero medianos, reptiles y aves. Dentro del mismo áreas se determinaron dos especies (B. pertusay C. dactylon) que por su baja estatura (menos de 0.3 m), reproducción vegetativa y semillas muy pequeña o ausentes, son ideales para establecer en los alrededores de la pista de aterrizaje. Mediante un ensayo se evaluó su establecimiento, el cual resulto satisfactorio al competir y ganar espacio ante otras monocotiledones y dicotiledonesas, principalmente C. dactylon

Paulo Orosio : una interpretación de la historiografía providencialista cristiana ante la caída de Roma en el 410

Resumen: En el entramado histórico del mundo Romano, la vida política y religiosa se han visto imbricadas de modo particular. El mito político ha sido fundamental para hilvanar el devenir de los hechos históricos centrales en el modo de vida de los romanos. La caída de Roma o el fin de la Pars Occidentalis del Imperio Romano han servido de arquetipo histórico o de referente político para el resto de los Imperios del Mundo Occidental. En ese contexto se insertará este trabajo, que pretenderá echar luz a una temática rodeada por líneas historiográficas y analíticas no solo diferentes sino antagónicas. El centro de la discordia historiográfica de hoy se pondrá en sincronía con la discordia histórica de ayer, puesto que tanto los paganos como los cristianos forjaron durante la Tardo-antigüedad un mito de fin de ciclo, que le agrega una fascinación particular a esta temática. En este trabajo me abocaré a interpretar la postura del historiador romano - cristiano Paulo Orosio, quien describió su propia visión sobre los hechos que antecedieron y provocaron, la caída de Roma.

Conservação da biodiversidade : legislação e políticas públicas

A obra pretende discutir quais são os fundamentos científicos e os valores que sustentam as normas de proteção da flora e da fauna; apresentar um panorama da biodiversidade brasileira; mostrar como a biodiversidade está inserida na Constituição Federal; apontar as leis que tratam de proteção da biodiversidade; mostrar como foi o processo histórico de construção das normas nacionais e internacionais sobre a matéria; discutir como se dividem as competências relativas à gestão do patrimônio biológico, entre a União, os estados e os municípios; apresentar os instrumentos de proteção da flora e da fauna, dos recursos pesqueiros, de acesso ao patrimônio genético e aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados; e, por fim, expor a situação atual das unidades de conservação, dos instrumentos de gestão integrada da biodiversidade e das políticas de controle do desmatamento.