988 resultados para Ranade, Mahadev Rao Bahadur, 1842-1901.
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In this chapter we portray the effects of female education and professional achievement on fertility decline in Spain over the period 1920-1980 (birth cohorts of 1901-1950).A longitudinal econometric approach is used to test the hypothesis that the effects of womens education in the revaluing of their time had a very significant influence on fertility decline. Although in the historical context presented here improvements in schooling were on a modest scale, they were continuous (with the interruption of the Civil War) and had a significant impact in shaping a model of low fertility in Spain. We also stress the relevance of this result in a context such as the Spanish for which liberal values were absent, fertility control practices were forbidden, and labour force participation of women was politically and socially constrained.
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Prsidence de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Ceded Districts]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Madhya Pradesh. Baghelkhand]
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The giant conifer aphids Cinara pinivora (Wilson, 1919) and Cinara atlantica (Wilson, 1919) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) have been observed attacking Pinus spp. in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The coccinellids, on the other hand, were found feeding on these aphids in the field, which can be regarded as potential biological control agents. The biological cycle and mortality rate of larvae of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Gurin-Mneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) were evaluated using twenty larvae of each predator species fed with nymphs of Cinara. The vials with the insects were kept under 15 C, 20 C and 25 C, with 12h photophase and 70 10% relative humidity. The consumption was evaluated every 24 hours and the nymphs replaced. For C. sanguinea, the egg incubation time was 10.5, 5.0 and 4.0 days; the average larval development period was 33.3, 15.8 and 8.6 days and the larval mortality rate 20%,0% and 15%, respectively at 15 C, 20 C and 25 C. For H. convergens, the larval development time was 41.9, 19.3 and 10.9 days at 15 C, 20 C and 25 C, respectively. The larval mortality rate was 35%, 15% and 0% under the three temperatures. Both species developed adequately when fed nymphs of Cinara, however, C. sanguinea performed better than H. convergens, even at 15 C, at which temperature the biological cycles of the coccinellids are prolonged, but the temperature is favorable for the development of Cinara populations in the field.
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Adults and larvae of coccinellids were observed feeding on populations of the giant conifer aphids Cinara spp. on Pinus spp., in Southern Brazil. The objective of this research is to evaluate the consumption capacity of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Gurin-Mneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on these aphid species, in order to obtain information for biological control programs. Ten larvae of each predator species were fed with aphids of small size (nymphs of 1st and 2nd instars), and 10 with aphids of medium size (nymphs of 3rd and 4th instars), maintained under 15C, 20C and 25C, 12 h photophase and 70 10% relative humidity. The aphids were counted every 24 hours, replacing those that were consumed. The total consumption of Cinara by the larvae of C. sanguinea was not statistically different at the three temperatures: 325.5; 322.2 and 324.8 of small aphids and 121.3; 140.4 and 109.9 of medium ones, respectively at 15C, 20C and 25C. The consumption by H. convergens was higher than by C. sanguinea and increased noticeably with temperature: 444 aphids at 15C; 491.3 at 20C and 513.3 at 25C, considering the small aphids, and 187.1; 205.1 and 216.6 of medium aphids at the three temperatures. The small aphids weigh about half as much as medium ones and were preferred by all larval instars probably because they are easier to manipulate than the large ones. Both predators, especially the 4th instar larvae, showed high consumption capacity on the Cinara nymphs at all temperatures and can be regarded as promising biological control agents.
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It is presented a cladistic analysis of the Dicrepidiina aiming to test the monophyletism of the subtribe and to establish the relationships among the genera. The subtribe is composed by 36 genera and all of them, except Asebis, Lamononia, Neopsephus, Semiotopsis and Spilomorphus were included in the analysis. Fifty two species, especially the type-species of each genus were studied: Achrestus flavocinctus (Candze, 1859), A. venustus Champion, 1895, Adiaphorus gracilis Schwarz, 1901, A. ponticerianus Candze, 1859, Anoplischiopsis bivittatus Champion, 1895, Anoplischius bicarinatus Candze, 1859, A. conicus Candze, 1900, A. haematopus Candze, 1859, A. pyronotus Candze, 1859, Atractosomus flavescens (Germar, 1839), Blauta cribraria (Germar, 1844), Calopsephus apicalis (Schwarz, 1903), Catalamprus angustus (Fleutiaux, 1902), Crepidius flabellifer (Erichson, 1847), C. resectus Candze, 1859, Cyathodera auripilosus Costa, 1968, C. lanugicollis (Candze, 1859), C. longicornis Blanchard, 1843, Dayakus angularis Candze, 1893, Dicrepidius ramicornis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), Dipropus brasilianus (Germar, 1824), D. factuellus Candze, 1859, D. laticollis (Eschscholtz, 1829), D. pinguis (Candze, 1859), D. schwarzi (Becker, 1961), Elius birmanicus Candze, 1893, E. dilatatus Candze, 1878, Heterocrepidius gilvellus Candze, 1859, H. ventralis Gurin-Mneville, 1838, Lampropsephus cyaneus (Candze, 1878), Loboederus appendiculatus (Perty, 1830), Olophoeus gibbus Candze, 1859, Ovipalpus pubescens Solier, 1851, Pantolamprus ligneus Candze, 1896, P. mirabilis Candze, 1896, P. perpulcher Westwood, 1842, Paraloboderus glaber Golbach, 1990, Proloboderus crassipes Fleutiaux, 1912, Propsephus beniensis (Candze, 1859), P. cavifrons (Erichson, 1843), Pseudolophoeus guineensis (Candze, 1881), Rhinopsephus apicalis (Schwarz, 1903), Sephilus formosanus Schwarz, 1912, S. frontalis Candze, 1878, Singhalenus gibbus Candze, 1892, S. taprobanicus Candze, 1859, Sphenomerus antennalis Candze, 1859, S. brunneus Candze, 1865, Spilus atractomorphus Candze, 1859, S. nitidus Candze, 1859, Stenocrepidius simonii Fleutiaux, 1891 and Trielasmus varians Blanchard, 1846. Chalcolepidius zonatus (Hemirhipini, Agrypninae), Ctenicera silvatica (Prosternini, Prosterninae), and species of the other subtribes of Ampedini (Elaterinae): Ampedus sanguineus (Ampedina), Melanotus spernendus (Melanotina) and Anchastus digittatus and Physorhinus xanthocephalus (Physorhinina) were used as outgroups. The results of the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Dicrepidiina, as formerly defined, does not form a monophyletic group. One genus, represented by Ovipalpus pubescens, was removed from the subtribe. The subtribe is characterized by presence of lamella under 2nd and 3rd tarsomeres of all legs. Also, it was revealed that the genera Achrestus, Anoplischius, Dipropus and Propsephus are not monophyletic. Due to the scarcity of information, all the studied species are redescribed and illustrated.
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Donateur : Touring-Club de France
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Este estudo analisa as dinmicas da imprensa e do jornalismo nos territrios da frica Portuguesa (Cabo Verde, Angola, Moambique, So Tom e Prncipe e Guin) ao longo do perodo colonial, entre 1842-1974. Os papis desempenhados pelo jornalismo e as caractersticas do sistema de imprensa so observados, discutidos e analisados no contexto sociopoltico do imprio colonial portugus nos sculos XIX e XX. No estudo das relaes entre a imprensa e o imprio adopta-se uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, na qual dialogam a histria, a sociologia e a cincia poltica, permitindo uma compreenso aprofundada das interaces e interdependncias entre a imprensa, o imprio colonial e os regimes polticos. O estudo de caso da frica Portuguesa demonstra que a imprensa e o jornalismo nos cinco territrios apresentaram dinmicas e caractersticas similares no perodo colonial. A imprensa foi decisiva na afirmao do colonialismo portugus, mas o jornalismo tambm contestou e ops-se e ao projecto imperial. Foi ao longo do colonialismo que a imprensa emergiu, desenvolveu-se e consolidou-se como uma instituio de perfil poltico e como plataforma dos conflitos sociais.
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In this chapter we portray the effects of female education and professional achievementon fertility decline in Spain over the period 1920-1980 (birth cohorts of 1900-1950).A longitudinal econometric approach is used to test the hypothesis that the effectsof women s education in the revaluing of their time had a very significant influence onfertility decline. Although in the historical context presented here improvements inschooling were on a modest scale, they were continuous (with the interruption of theCivil War) and had a significant impact in shaping a model of low fertility in Spain. Wealso stress the relevance of this result in a context such as the Spanish for which liberalvalues were absent, fertility control practices were forbidden, and labour forceparticipation of women was politically and socially constrained.
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Madhya Pradesh. Baghelkhand]
