The BALB/c mouse B-cell response to pigeon cytochrome c initiates as a heteroclitic response specific for the self antigen mouse cytochrome c.

Direct evidence is presented in support of the longstanding but unproven hypothesis that B lymphocytes specific for self antigens (Ags) can be used in the immune response to foreign Ags. We show that the B cells in BALB/c mic responding early to pigeon cytochrome c (CYT) produce antibodies that recognize and bind the major antigenic site on mouse CYT with greater affinity than they bind pigeon CYT i.e., they are heteroclitic for the self Ag. Furthermore, these B cells express the same combination of immunoglobulin variable region (V) genes that are known to be used in B-cell recognition of mouse CYT. Over time, the response to pigeon CYT becomes more specific for the foreign Ag through the recruitment of B cells expressing different combinations of V genes and, possibly, somatic mutation of the mouse CYT specific B cells from early in the response. Cross-recognition of pigeon CYT by mouse CYT-specific B cells results from the sharing of critical amino acid residues by the two Ags. Although B-cell recognition of the self Ag, mouse CYT, is very specific, which limits the extent to which foreign Ags can cross-activate the autoreactive B cells, it is possible that polyreactive B cells to other self Ags may be used more frequently in response to foreign Ags.

Sumerian mythology, a study of spiritual and literary achievement in the third millennium, B.C.

Frontispiece accompanied by leaf with descriptive letterpress.

The lost histories of Alexander the Great.

Bibliography: p. xiii-xiv.

Zenon papyri; business papers of the third century B.C. dealing with Palestine and Egypt,

Vol. 2 cite as: P.Col. IV

Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis; a catalogue of the inscriptions of the sixth and fifth centuries B. C.

Includes bibliographical references.

The making of Athens: a history of Greece, 495-431 B.C.

Mode of access: Internet.

The A.B.C. of canning : preserving, drying, smoking and pickling of foods /

Includes index.

The congress guide and scientific programme [of the] 5th Pacific Science Congress, Victoria, B. C., June 1-4; Vancouver, B. C., June 5-14; Canada, 1933.

Mode of access: Internet.

From B.C. to Baisieux : being the narrative of the 102nd Canadian Infantry Battalion /

Mode of access: Internet.

The life of Sir Stanley Maude, lieutenant-general, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O.

Mode of access: Internet.

Travels in town. By the author of "Random recollections of the lords and commons," "The great metropolis," &c. &c...

Mode of access: Internet.

A history of the literature of Ancient Israel : from the earliest times to 135 B.C. /

Mode of access: Internet.