Contribuições de um encontro juvenil para a enculturação científica

Este trabalho apresenta a análise de um evento de divulgação científica, organizado, segundo a estrutura usual em congressos, como ação didático-pedagógica voltada para a enculturação científica. Alunos de uma rede pública de Ensino Fundamental II, que participaram de projetos investigativos, foram convidados a divulgar e debater resultados de suas pesquisas em um encontro de investigação científica. Eles também participaram de uma palestra sobre metodologias científicas, meio ambiente e história do município em que vivem. Cada atividade teve como objetivo mobilizar habilidades e conhecimentos específicos da ciência. A vivência nesse tipo de evento possibilitou-lhes perceber que a ciência e a comunicação fazem parte da sociedade e da cultura, pois puderam ouvir, discutir e refletir sobre o processo de trabalho investigativo e seus produtos finais. Como resultado, consideramos que houve vivência de um processo de enculturação científica enriquecido pelas contribuições de diversos atores sociais e instituições.

Prospect on intergalactic magnetic field measurements with gamma-ray instruments

Observing high-energy gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) offers a unique potential to probe extremely tiny values of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF), a long standing question of astrophysics, astropa rticle physics and cosmology. Very high energy (VHE) photons from blazars propagating along the line of sight interact with the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce e + e − pairs. Through inverse-Compton interaction, mainly on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), these pairs generate secondary GeV-TeV compo- nents accompanying the primary VHE signal. Such secondary components would be detected in the gamma-ray range as delayed “pair echos” for very weak IGMF ( B< 10 − 16 G ), while they should result in a spatially extended ga mma-ray emission around the source for higher IGMF values ( B> 10 − 16 G ). Coordinated observations with space (i.e. Fermi) and ground- based gamma-ray instruments, such as the pre sent Cherenkov experiments H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS, the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory, and the wide-field detectors such as HAWC and LHAASO, should allow to analyze and finally detect such echos, extended emission or pair halos, and to further characterize the IGMF.

The star formation rate in the inner Milky Way Galaxy

The present star formation rate (SFR) in the inner Galaxy is puzzling for the chemical evolution models (CEM). No static CEM is able to reproduce the peak of the SFR in the 4 kpc ring. The main reason is probably a shortage of gas, which could be due to the dynamical effects produced by the galactic bar, not considered by these models. We developed a CEM that includes radial gas flows in order to mimic the effects of the galactic bar in the first 5 kpc of the galactic disk. In this model, the star formation (SF) is a two-step process: first, the diffuse gas forms molecular clouds. Then, stars form from cloud-cloud collisions or by the interaction between massive stars and the molecular gas. The former is called spontaneous and the latter induced SF. The mass in the different phases of each region changes by the processes associated with the stellar formation and death by: the SF due to spontaneous fragmentation of gas in the halo; formation of gas clouds in the disk from the diffuse gas; induced SF in the disk due to the interaction between massive stars and gas clouds; and finally, the restitution of the diffuse gas associated to these process of cloud and star formation. In the halo, the star formation rate for the diffuse gas follows a Schmidt law with a power n = 1.5. In the disk, the stars form in two steps: first, molecular clouds are formed from the diffuse gas also following a Schmidt law with n=1.5 and a proportionality factor. Including a specific pattern of radial gas flows, the CEM is able to reproduce with success the peak in the SFR at 4 kpc (fig. 1).

PLANEJAMENTO, OBJETIVOS E DEFINIÇÃO DE PADRÕES NA DESCRIÇÃO DOS METADADOS DA COLEÇÃO DA BIBLIOTECA BRASILIANA DIGITAL

O projeto „Por uma Biblioteca Brasiliana Digital‟ é parte integrante do projeto BRASILIANA USP, uma iniciativa da Reitoria da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), que tem por objetivo facultar para a pesquisa a maior Brasiliana custodiada por uma universidade, tornando-a disponível na internet. O trabalho que ora apresentamos é resultado da implantação de um modelo de biblioteca digital que atende aos padrões de interoperabilidade e compartilhamento de informações. Especificamente, apresentaremos os procedimentos e processos de descrição de conteúdos das diversas tipologias documentais (livros, periódicos, mapas, gravuras etc.) e formatos digitais (pdf, mp3, jpeg entre outros), bem como a consolidação de um esquema de metadados gerenciais e administrativos que contemplam as informações e dados produzidos pelo Projeto da Brasiliana Digital.

USO DO DUBLIN CORE NA DESCRIÇÃO DE OBRAS RARAS NA WEB: A COLEÇÃO DA BIBLIOTECA BRASILIANA DIGITAL

Acessível ao público desde junho de 2009, a Biblioteca Brasiliana Digital, da Universidade de São Paulo tem por objetivo facultar para a pesquisa, a maior Brasiliana custodiada por uma universidade. Sua intenção é disponibilizar virtualmente parte do acervo da Universidade oferecendo-se como um instrumento útil e funcional para a pesquisa e o estudo dos temas e cultura brasileiros, além de oferecer um modelo tecnológico de gestão que possa ser difundido a outras coleções, acervos e instituições. Este trabalho apresenta os resultado da implantação de um esquema de metadados baseado no formato Dublin Core, para a descrição de obras raras e especiais na web. Especificamente, apresenta os procedimentos e processos de descrição de conteúdos das diversas tipologias documentais (livros, periódicos, gravuras etc.) e formatos digitais (pdf, jpeg entre outros). Palavras-Chave: Bibliotecas digitais; Metadados; Dublin Core.

Magnetic color-flavor-locked stars

Using the solutions of the gap equations of the magnetic-color-flavor-locked (MCFL) phase of paired quark matter in a magnetic field, and taking into consideration the separation between the longitudinal and transverse pressures due to the field-induced breaking of the spatial rotational symmetry, the equation of state (EoS) of the MCFL phase is self-consistently determined. Implications for stellar models of magnetized (self-bound) strange stars and hybrid (MCFL core) stars are discussed.

Trigonometric parallaxes in the TW Hydrae Association

We have conducted a program of trigonometric distance measurements to 13 members of the TW Hydrae Association (TWA), which will enable us (through back-tracking methods) to derive a convincing estimate of the age of the association, independent of stellar evolutionary models. With age, distance, and luminosity known for an ensemble of TWA stars and brown dwarfs, models of early stellar evolution (which are still uncertain for young ages and substellar masses) will then be constrained by observations over a wide range of masses (0.025 to 0.7 M⊙).

Kinematic distances of pre-main-sequence stars in the Lupus star-forming region

To reliably determine the main physical parameters (masses and ages) of young stars, we must know their distances. While the average distance to nearby star-forming regions (<300 pc) is often known, the distances to individual stars are usually unknown. Individual distances to members of young moving groups can be derived from their radial velocities and proper motions using the convergent-point strategy. We investigate the kinematic properties of the Lupus moving group with the primary objective of deriving individual distances to all group members.

Planetary nebulae and determination of the bulge-disk boundary

In this paper, a sample of planetary nebulae in the Galaxy's inner-disk and bulge is used to find the galactocentric distance that optimally separates these two populations in terms of their abundances. Statistical distance scales were used to investigate the distribution of abundances across the disk–bulge interface, while a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to find the distance at which the chemical properties of these regions separate optimally. The statistical analysis indicates that, on average, the inner population is characterized by lower abundances than the outer component. Additionally, for the α-element abundances, the inner population does not follow the disk's radial gradient toward the Galactic Center. Based on our results, we suggest a bulge–disk interface at 1.5 kpc, marking the transition between the bulge and the inner disk of the Galaxy as defined by the intermediate-mass population.

Panorama geral da estrutura do HRAC-USP

Disponível em CD-Rom. Acesso ao texto completo.

Uma arqueologia de diagramas cibernéticos

This paper investigates the use of explicit structures of information in architectural design. Particularly, it approaches the use of diagrams related to cybernetics and information theory in experimental practices in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It analyses the diagram of cybernetic control proposed by the cybernetician Gordon Pask for the Fun Palace, the diagrams produced by the utopian architect Yona Friedman in the conceptual description of the Flatwriter program and Christopher Alexander’s diagrams and his theories of Synthesis of Form and Pattern Language. Finally it establishes a brief parallel between current domestication and use of dataflow programming with the cybernetic diagrams, highlighting differences in their complexity approach.

A utilização da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico na reabilitação das fissuras palatinas

A Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico vem revolucionando o diagnóstico por imagem na Odontologia. As características permitem um acesso de visualização das imagens que facilita muitos procedimentos. Sua aplicabilidade na Odontologia é diversa, podendo ser útil para as diversas especialidades, porem há controversas na literatura a cerca da correta prescrição desse exame com a justificativa pertinente. Os pacientes com anomalias craniofaciais apresentam algumas particularidades que tornam o seu processo de reabilitação mais complexo e extenso. A utilização da TCFC na reabilitação desses pacientes é importante para diversas especialidades dentre elas a ortodontia, implantodontia, cirurgia ortognática e também otorrinolaringologia. Entretanto devemos considerar que desde sempre os protocolos imaginológicos envolviam e eram estabelecidos com as radiografias convencionais (panorâmica, telerradiografia, periapical e oclusal), os benefícios das imagens na terceira dimensão são bem conhecidos, porem há sempre um aumento da dose de radiação, visto que são exames que abrangem muitas vezes áreas maiores e trabalham com parâmetros de exposição mais elevados. O principio do ALARA deve sempre ser utilizado quando se trata de prescrição de exames que utilizam radiação ionizante, portanto a TCFC deve ser indicada quando houverem benefícios com riscos minimizados. Nessa palestra serão abordadas as vantagens e desvantagens do uso da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico frente aos exames radiográficos convencionais no processo reabilitador e os protocolos de indicação baseados na literatura pautados na responsabilidade para o uso de tal tecnologia.

Estudo comparativo entre as novas ferramentas digitais utilizadas no desenho à mão livre

This paper makes an analysis on the new technological resources related to architectural drawing that make use of the hand drawing. It tests and evaluates the use of new tools such as tablets (e.g. Wacom Bamboo), graphic tablets (e.g. iPad), tablet/screen hybrids (e.g. Wacom Cintiq) and electronic pens (e.g. Wacom Inkling) in the making of free drawings oriented for the developing of graphic products related to the projective act in architecture and design. The paper makes a comparative e interpretative analysis through the reading of those products.

A stochastic spatially structured epidemic model with diffusive processes

We developed a stochastic lattice model to describe the vector-borne disease (like yellow fever or dengue). The model is spatially structured and its dynamical rules take into account the diffusion of vectors. We consider a bipartite lattice, forming a sub-lattice of human and another occupied by mosquitoes. At each site of lattice we associate a stochastic variable that describes the occupation and the health state of a single individual (mosquito or human). The process of disease transmission in the human population follows a similar dynamic of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model (SIR), while the disease transmission in the mosquito population has an analogous dynamic of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model (SIS) with mosquitos diffusion. The occurrence of an epidemic is directly related to the conditional probability of occurrence of infected mosquitoes (human) in the presence of susceptible human (mosquitoes) on neighborhood. The probability of diffusion of mosquitoes can facilitate the formation of pairs Susceptible-Infected enabling an increase in the size of the epidemic. Using an asynchronous dynamic update, we study the disease transmission in a population initially formed by susceptible individuals due to the introduction of a single mosquito (human) infected. We find that this model exhibits a continuous phase transition related to the existence or non-existence of an epidemic. By means of mean field approximations and Monte Carlo simulations we investigate the epidemic threshold and the phase diagram in terms of the diffusion probability and the infection probability.

A linguagem de programação aliada ao desenho na criação de jogos digitais como instrumento de arquitetura patrimonial

This research studies the use of digital games as a playful tool approach of knowledge in architecture heritage. We emphasize the potential of digital games as a tool and importance of digital drawing combined with programming language, the means by which the making of the games became possible. The models developed are based on the properties of historical and cultural interest in the city of São Carlos, Brasil.