用于HIRFL重离子治癌的PET成像实验研究与蒙特卡罗模拟

为了HIRFL重离子治癌的需要 ,使用两个位置灵敏闪烁体探测器组成了一个简单的PET成像系统 .对PET成像进行了实验研究 ,实验测量得到了物体成像以及γ射线能谱 ,对于 5 11keV全能峰处的能量分辨率为 18 6 % ,峰总比为 5 2 4 % .采用GEANT3程序对该系统进行了模拟计算 ,并与实验进行比较 ,最后对该系统进行了优化设计

22MeV/u的Fe离子在PET膜中引起的辐照效应研究

用能量为22MeV/u的Fe离子在室温和真空条件下辐照了多层堆叠的半晶质聚酯膜,采用傅里叶转换红外吸收光谱、紫外/可见吸收光谱和X射线衍射技术分析测量了辐照后聚酯膜的微观结构所发生的变化,详细研究了分子结构的变化和非晶化转变与离子剂量、离子在样品中的平均电子能损以及吸收剂量的依赖关系.分析结果表明:辐照导致化学键的断裂、新化学键的形成和非晶化转变.非晶化效应和化学键的断裂随离子剂量和电子能损的增加而增大,但变化的总量仅依赖于总的吸收剂量,表明在所涉及的能损范围里,辐照产生的变化与辐照离子的种类和能量没有直接的关系,而只决定于材料对辐照离子能量的吸收程度.

Ar离子辐照PET膜引起的表面结构和组分变化研究

用 35MeV u的Ar离子室温下辐照多层堆叠的半晶质的聚酯 (PET)膜 ,采用X射线衍射技术和X射线光电子谱仪分析研究了辐照引起的表面结构和组分的变化。结果表明 ,Ar离子辐照PET膜引起了明显的非晶化转变和化学键断裂 ,断键主要发生在甲氧基和羰基功能团上 ,并使这两个功能团中的C和O的比分相对减少。非晶化效应和化学键断裂同时依赖于离子的照射剂量和离子在样品表面的电子能量损失 ,剂量越高 ,表面电子能量损失越大 ,效应就明显。同时定性地讨论了结果

高能Ar离子辐照PET膜引起的表面改性研究

采用傅立叶转换的红外光吸收技术在反射方式下分析研究了 35MeV/uAr离子辐照半晶质PET膜引起的表面改性及其对吸收剂量的依赖性。结果表明 ,辐照导致PET膜中与晶态区域相关的吸收带强度随吸收剂量增加普遍减弱 ,而与非晶区域相关的吸收带强度随吸收剂量增加逐渐增加 ,表明辐照使PET膜发生了非晶化转变。化学键断裂主要发生在苯环的对位和酯的C—O键上 ,而苯环的基本结构在整个辐照过程中变化较小。非晶化效应和化学键断裂同时依赖于离子的照射剂量和样品表面的电子能量沉积。此外 ,在约 5.0MGy以上的吸收剂量 ,辐照还引起了炔端基团的形成 ,炔端基团浓度随吸收剂量的增加显著增加。对实验结果进行了定性解释。

高能Ar离子辐照PET引起的光吸收变化研究

采用紫外 -可见光吸收技术分析和研究了 35MeV/uAr离子辐照聚酯膜引起的光吸收改性 .结果表明 ,Ar离子轰击聚酯膜时引起了碳键的共轭体系形成 ,从而导致了紫外 -可见光区域中光吸收明显增加 ,光吸收增加的幅度依赖于离子的照射剂量、离子在样品中的平均电子能量损失以及光的波长 ,剂量越高 ,电子能损越大 ,光吸收增幅越大 ;而光的波长越长 ,光吸收的增加则越不明显 .利用测量到的光吸收曲线 ,同时还定量地研究了各种辐照条件下聚酯膜的光能隙和碳原子团的尺寸 .

Micro Insert: A Prototype Full-Ring PET Device for Improving the Image Resolution of a Small-Animal PET Scanner

A full-ring PET insert device should be able to enhance the image resolution of existing small-animal PET scanners. Methods: The device consists of 18 high-resolution PET detectors in a cylindric enclosure. Each detector contains a cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate array (12 x 12 crystals, 0.72 x 1.51 x 3.75 mm each) coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube via an optical fiber bundle made of 8 x 16 square multiclad fibers. Signals from the insert detectors are connected to the scanner through the electronics of the disabled first ring of detectors, which permits coincidence detection between the 2 systems. Energy resolution of a detector was measured using a Ge-68 point source, and a calibrated 68Ge point source stepped across the axial field of view (FOV) provided the sensitivity profile of the system. A Na-22 point source imaged at different offsets from the center characterized the in-plane resolution of the insert system. Imaging was then performed with a Derenzo phantom filled with 19.5 MBq of F-18-fluoride and imaged for 2 h; a 24.3-g mouse injected with 129.5 MBq of F-18-fluoride and imaged in 5 bed positions at 3.5 h after injection; and a 22.8-g mouse injected with 14.3 MBq of F-18-FDG and imaged for 2 h with electrocardiogram gating. Results: The energy resolution of a typical detector module at 511 keV is 19.0% +/- 3.1 %. The peak sensitivity of the system is approximately 2.67%. The image resolution of the system ranges from 1.0- to 1.8-mm full width at half maximum near the center of the FOV, depending on the type of coincidence events used for image reconstruction. Derenzo phantom and mouse bone images showed significant improvement in transaxial image resolution using the insert device. Mouse heart images demonstrated the gated imaging capability of the device. Conclusion: We have built a prototype full-ring insert device for a small-animal PET scanner to provide higher-resolution PET images within a reduced imaging FOV. Development of additional correction techniques are needed to achieve quantitative imaging with such an insert.

Advance in in-beam PET

Tumor radiotherapy was a promising modality and over 100 years. Beams of heavy-charged particles show high RBE advantages and become the optimum tool for tumors therapy. Newly, along with the development of accelerators, scintillators, micro-electronics and computers, the heavy ion tumor therapy has been recognized more and developed.

25MeV/u Kr辐照下PET薄膜的损伤机制研究；Damage Mechanism of PET Irradiated by 25 MeV/u Kr Ions

通过25MeV/u86Kr离子辐照叠层结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET),在不同的电子能损(3.407.25keV/nm)和离子注量(5×10113×1012ions/cm2)辐照条件下,对Kr离子在PET中引起的辐照损伤效应进行了研究。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,通过对样品的红外吸收峰进行扣除基底后的Lorentz拟合,分析了与主要官能团对应的吸收峰强度的变化趋势,研究了化学结构与组分在重离子辐照下的变化规律;利用X射线衍射光谱仪测量,研究了Kr离子在PET潜径迹中引起的非晶化过程,并通过对吸光度和非晶化强度随离子注量的指数衰减规律的分析,获得了不同电子能损离子辐照PET时主要官能团的损伤截面和非晶化截面及对应的潜径迹半径。

A TOF-PET prototype with position sensitive PMT readout

A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography (TOF-PET) has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV gamma-rays produced from positron annihilation. It consists of two 80.5 mmx80.5 mm LYSO scintillator arrays (composed of 35 x35 pixel finger crystals) with the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes R2487 as the readout. Each array is composed of 2 mm x2 mm x 15 mm finger crystals and the average pixel pitch is 2.30 mm. The measured results indicate that the TOF information has the potential to significantly enhance the image quality by improving the noise variance in the image reconstruction. The best spatial resolution (FWHM) of the prototype for the pairs of 511 keV gamma-rays is 1.98 mm and 2.16 mm in the x and y directions, respectively, which are smaller than the average pixel pitch of 2.30 mm.

Micro-PET探测器单元的研制和模拟研究

提高癌症患者治愈率的关键是早期诊断，及时治疗。现在，癌变组织的无创伤诊断已成为癌医学诊断的发展方向和潮流，发展一种快速、准确、方便、低廉的医用肿瘤诊断影像设备是非常实际和十分有意义的课题。 本论文描述了构成便携式肿瘤影像探测器的探测单元研制，包括探测器总体构型设计，选择闪烁晶体种类、形状及尺寸、选择与之匹配的读出器件-位置灵敏光电倍增管，设计简化的读出线路。 通过模拟计算和实验测试，确定探测器单元由64块BGO晶体构成8×8方阵，晶体尺寸5.9×5.9×10mm3，探测器性能通过137Csγ放射源测试。探测单元本征位置分辨达到3.12 mm（FWHM），为了提高探测单元的本征分辨，构建了2×2×10mm3 BGO晶体的19×19矩阵探测单元，后续读出不变，本征位置分辨为1.41mm（FWHM）。这一指标接近于目前同类探测器的最好水平。在此基础上用22Na正电子放射源对双探测单元构成的Micro-PET进行成像测试，给出了清晰二维平面影像。 闪烁晶体性能测试和探测器单元性能测试都与Monte Carlo模拟结果很好符合，说明Monte Carlo模拟结果可靠，对设计优化探测器单元有指导作用。该探测单元研制结果和双单元的符合研究,为研制一种快速、准确、方便、低廉的医用肿瘤诊断成像设备—微型正电子发射断层仪（Micro-PET）提供理论和实践经验

Evaluation of different culture conditions for high-level soluble expression of human cyclin A(2) with pET vector in BL21 (DE3) and spectroscopic characterization of its inclusion body structure

In this paper, we evaluated various parameters of culture condition affecting high-level soluble expression of human cyclin A, in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and demonstrated that the highest protein yield was obtained using TB(no glycerol) + 0.5% glucose medium at 25 degrees C. By single immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, we got highly purified human cyclin A(2) with a yield ranged from 20 to 30 mg/L. By amyloid-diagnostic dye ThT binding and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we observed a significant decrease in alpha-helix content and an increase in beta-sheet structure in cyclin A(2) inclusion body in comparison to its native protein, and confirmed the resemblance of the internal organization of cyclin A(2) inclusion body and amyloid fibrils.

EPDM增韧PET的研究

在引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的作用下,通过添加少量界面增容剂苯乙烯(St)提高接枝率,使甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)与(乙烯/丙烯/二烯)共聚物(EPDM)反应,得到接枝物EPDM-g-GMA,将EPDM-g-GMA与PET共混,以提高共混体系的冲击强度。探讨了不同含量的EPDM-g-GMA对共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着EPDM-g-GMA含量的增加,共混体系的缺口冲击强度显著提高,当其含量为50％时,材料的缺口冲击强度为344.9J/m,约为纯PET的12倍;拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量出现一定程度的下降;EPDM-g-GMA含量为20％～30％时,材料的综合力学性能较好。

多组分单体接枝三元乙丙橡胶/PET共混体系的形态结构研究

以PS、DCP、GMA作为PET/EPDM共混体系的增容剂 ,以DSC和X射线衍射探讨了PET/EPDM共混物的结晶性能 ,以偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜探讨了共混物的形态。结果表明 ,PET/g EPDM共混体系的熔点可提高10℃ ,玻璃化温度降低 ,结晶起始温度提高约 2 0℃。共混体系中 ,当EPDM含量低时 ,PLM下观察到的是较为完整的球晶 ,随着EPDM含量逐渐提高 ,观察得到的是不完善的球晶、微晶、晶粒这样一个晶体变化过程 ,结晶完善程度降低。

成核剂1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)-D山梨醇对PET/PEN共混体系结构和结晶形态影响

利用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、正交偏光显微镜研究了成核剂 1,3 :2 ,4-二 (亚苄基 ) -D山梨醇(DBS)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) /聚 2 ,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PEN)共混体系的结构及结晶形态的影响。结果表明 :成核剂的加入 ,使PET/PEN共混体系熔融起始温度升高 10℃左右 ,结晶峰形变尖锐 ,说明加入成核剂后有效促进了PET/PEN共混体系的结晶。实验结果表明 :成核剂含量低于 1%时 ,PET/PEN共混体系晶体的球晶完整。成核剂含量大于 3 %时 ,PET/PEN /DBS共混体系晶体的球晶碎小。成核剂的加入 ,能够有效地减小球晶尺寸和降低球晶的完善性

Sudies on non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics in PET/PEN/DBS blends

Macrokinetic models, namly the modified Avrami, Ozawa and Zibicki models, were applied to study the non-isothermal melt crystallization process of PET/PEN/DBS blends by DSC measurement. The modified Avrami model was found to describe the experimental data fairly well. With the cooling rates in the range from 5 to 20 K/min, Ozawa model could be well used to describe the early stages of crystallization. However, Ozawa model did not fit the polymer blends during the late stages of crystallization, because it ignored the influence of secondary crystallization. The crystallization ability of the blends decreases with increasing the DBS content from analysis by using Ziabicki kinetic model, which is similar to the results based on calculation of the effective energy barrier of the blends.