Rendimento dos não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes genótipos

Non-carcass components percentages of lambs terminated in confinement, fed with diet containing 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio were influenced by lambs' breed (Morada Nova and 1/2 Somális Brasileira 1/2 Morada Nova), except for the liver, without difference between pure and crossbred animals, with average values of 2.29% and 0.35%, respectively. Crossbred lambs had higher percentages of skin (8.96%), head plus foot (10.68%), heart (0.88%), and kidney (0.93%) than purebred lambs (7.15%, 9.69%, 0.56% and 0.35%, respectively).

Eficiência do protocolo Ovsynch em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês

Twenty six Santa Inês ewes were asigned to three treatments to evaluate the efficiency of the Ovsynch protocol. In the treatment 1 - control (n=8), the estrus was synchronized with sponges containing 60 mg MAP for 14 days. On D14, 300 IU eCG were administered. In treatment 2 (n=9) the Ovsynch protocol was used: 25 μg of GnRH (D0), 37.5 μg of PGF2α (D7) and 25 μg of GnRH (D9). In treatment 3 (n=9) the modified Ovsynch protocol was used: the administration of PGF2α and second GnRH as two days early. Estrus detection was accomplished using teaser. All ewes were mated twice with 12 hours of interval. Pregnancy rate (PR) was evaluated by ultrasonography 30 days after the end of mating. Estrus response was of 88.46% on average, and without differences among treatments (p>0.05). The interval for onset of estrus was greater (p<0.05) in T1, when compared with T2 and T3 (41.31±7.2, 13.37±8.42 and 6.75±5.2 h, respectively). The time of receptivity was greater (p<0.05) in females of T1 and T3 (40.5±6.49 h and 53.68±10.27 h, respectively), compared to females of T2 (34.56±7.2 h). The duration of the induced estrus did not differ significant among treatments (p>0.05). Pregnancy rate was significantly greater (p<0.05) in ewes synchronized with Ovsynch protocol (37.5%, 62.5% and 25% for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The results show superior efficiency of the Ovsynch protocol, under the experimental conditions.

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros em terminação a pasto

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake behavior of lambs in pasture systems: (1) lambs kept with their dams in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) without supplementation; (2) lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture but supplemented in creep feeding; (3) lambs kept with their dams in the same pasture but supplemented in creep grazing with white clover. Three evaluations of intake behavior were performed to check the activities carried out by animals (grazing, rumination, suckling and other activities). Grazing, rumination and other activities times were different (p < 0.05) for non-supplemented lambs. For these lambs, grazing and rumination times were longer than other activities time compared to other systems. Creep feeding reduced grazing time (p < 0.05), probably due to easy access and quality of concentrate. Lambs in creep grazing had reduced (p < 0.05) rumination time. Bite mass in creep grazing was higher (p < 0.05), probably due to easy harvesting of leaves by lambs. It was concluded that the production system affects feeding strategy of lambs and the preference for legumes suggests the use of creep grazing for finishing lambs.

Características de carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com grãos e subprodutos da canola

The aim of this work was to evaluate the introduction of 8% grains and by-products (meal or cake) of canola in the diets of lambs. To evaluate quantitative carcass characteristics, 24 Santa Ines lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Diets with averages of 15.4% of CP in DM and 80.2% of TDN were composed for 40% Tifton hay and 60% concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, whole grain canola, canola meal, canola cake and mineral mixture. The use of whole grains and by-products of canola in the diet of lambs finished in feedlot did not influence (p > 0.05) quantitative carcass characteristics. For cut dressing in relation to the CCW, no effect was observed for the analyzed variables among treatments. It was concluded that the introduction of grains and by-products of canola allow for satisfactory results, and could be recommended in the formulations of lamb diets.

Resposta imune e capacidade de neutralização de anticorpos produzidos em ovinos jovens imunizados com veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus nativo e irradiado com Cobalto 60

The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p<5%) between experimental groups (G1

Avaliação da transferência de imunidade passiva em cordeiros com até 30 dias de idade

The aim of this study was to determine the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, TP and the γ globulin electrophoretic fraction, as well as the enzymatic activities of GGT and ALP. This was done in order to explore the possibility of using changes in activities of these enzymes as indirect indicators of adequate humoral immunity and/ or failure of immune passive transfer in lambs. Pearson correlation was performed between variable of four groups of age during the first 30 days of life. Blood samples (191) from lambs from 21 different farms in Araçatuba region- São Paulo. The following tests were perfomed: radial immunodiffusion, spectrophotometry and electrophoresis to stain the amount of IgG, TP and γ globulin, respectively. GGT and ALP values were determinate using commercial kits. There was a statistically significant correlation between ALP and GGT. The same correlation was observed from TP, IgG and GGT. A positive γ globulin correlation was found between GGT, IgG and TP. ALP activity cannot be used as an indicator of immune passive transfer.

Desempenho de cordeiras Bergamácia submetidas a dois sistemas de desmama

This study used 26 Bergamasca ewe lambs weaned at 60 days of age and separated into 2 groups - Artificial suckling: 10 ewes separated from their dams 48 hours after delivery and fed with cow's milk; Controlled suckling: 16 ewe lambs remained with their dams at pasture during the day and then separated at night, returning after morning milking. Following weaning, both groups were confined until they reached 38.6 kg average weight, and then separated into two types of treatment: Pasture rearing: 5 ewes from artificial suckling + 8 ewes from controlled suckling; Confined rearing: 5 ewes from artificial suckling + 8 ewes from controlled suckling. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized. Average daily milk production for artificial suckling (0.318 kg) was higher than controlled suckling (0.256 kg). The economic return of the controlled suckling treatment was 8.13% higher than for artificial suckling. With regard to the pasture rearing and confined rearing treatment systems, there was no estrus for pasture rearing during experimental period. There was no difference between the weaning systems with regard to eggs per gram. The weaning system influenced the milk production of primiparous females.

Características sensoriais da carne de cordeiro maturada e injetada com cloreto de cálcio: Sensory characteristics of lamb meat ageing and injected with calcium chloride

Sensory characteristics of Morada Nova lambs meat (muscles Biceps femoris, Longissimus and Triceps brachii) submitted to effects of ageing and injection of calcium chloride were studied. The lambs were slaughtered at 25 kg of body weight. After rigor mortis, muscles were removed and submitted to treatments. The variance analysis indicated that ageing and calcium chloride didn't influence the attributes flavor (6.71) and tenderness (7.13) of meats from Biceps femoris. The interaction among the factors wasn't significant for tenderness, however it was significant for flavor. Ageing didn't affect colour (7.08), flavor (7.42), tenderness (7.83) and global impression (7.58) of meats from Longissimus without calcium chloride, and meats with calcium chloride also didn't affect. Ageing and calcium chloride factor didn't influence the attributes flavor and tenderness of meats from Triceps brachii. The interaction among the factors wasn't significant for attributes flavor and tenderness. The sensory quality of Morada Nova lambs meat, was shown similar with relationship to evaluated attributes when it was submitted to ageing and injection with calcium chloride.

Viabilidade de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. Pelo teste de tetrazólio

Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. is a tree species which is important for beekeeping, as well as being recommended for soil restoration, reforestation, wood production for small civil construction projects, and cattle and sheep forage. Information on how to evaluate seed physiological quality is still scarce and in this was the study aimed to adapt the procedures of the tetrazolium test to assess the viability of P. moniliformis seeds. Four seed lots were scarified in sulphuric acid for 30 min, and soaked between paper towels at 25 °C for 24 hours. The seed coat was then removed and the naked seeds immersed in tetrazolium solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% for 2, 3, and 4 hours at 35 oC in the dark. Each treatment consisted of four replications of 25 seeds. The embryos were classified according to viability based on the staining patterns. The previous soaking of the seeds for 24 hours at 25 oC between paper towels, followed by the removal of the seed coat and staining of the naked seeds for 4 hours in a 0.075% tetrazolium solution at 35 oC was the most efficient method for evaluating the viability of P. moniliformis Benth seeds.

Parâmetros qualitativos da carne de cordeiros submetidos aos modelos de produção orgânico e convencional

This work aimed to evaluate qualitative parameters of meat, sensorial analysis, ivermecin residue and heavy metals from 48 Ile de France lambs submitted to organic and conventional production models which were slaughtered at 32 kg of body weight. Lamb meat from organic model had larger yellowness w to compawithto conventional mo to 45 minutes after the slaught anbut L * and a* parameters were not affeced;, however, not eady the color of lamb meat 24 hours after the slaugter, not influenced by treatments. There was not effect of treatments in pH and temperatureat 45 minutes and 24 hours after the slaughter, in water holding capacity and in shear force, while the cooking losses were influenced by treatments. In the meat of lambs submitted to organic model, the subjective tenderness and the global acceptance were lower when compared to convencional model. Treatments didn't influence arsenic, cadmium and lead meat tenor. Inexistence of ivermectin was verified in meat from organic and conventional production models.

Efeito materno sobre a curva de crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória

Data set of 17.767 weight records of 4.210 Santa Inês lambs were used aiming to evaluate the importance of the inclusion of the maternal effect in the model to estimate components of (Co) variance and resulting genetic parameters for the growth curve through random regression models. The fixed and random regressions were fitted using Legendre Polynomials of order three, being fit four models that differed in relation to the inclusion of the additive genetic and permanent environmental maternal effects. Considerable increase was observed in Log L and decrease in the criteria AIC and BIC when the maternal effect was included (genetic or permanent environmental), evidencing its importance. The maternal genetic effect explained larger proportion of the phenotypic variance than the maternal permanent environmental along the growth curve. The direct additive genetic variance was inflated by maternal effect, when this last one was not considered in the analysis model, reflecting the same behavior in the heritabilities. The maternal permanent environmental effect contributed to maternal variance, as well as, it inflated maternal genetic variance, when it was not considered in the model. Similar behavior was verified with maternal heritability. The correlation estimated for the four models hardly differed in function of maternal effect. The maternal effect should be considered in the genetic studies of the growth curve of Santa Inês sheep.

Ultrastructure of sheep primordial follicles cultured in the presence of indol acetic acid, EGF, and FSH

The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of primordial follicles after culturing of sheep ovarian cortical slices in the presence of indol acetic acid (IAA), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and FSH. To evaluate ultrastructure of primordial follicles cultured in MEM (control) or in MEM containing IAA, EGF, and FSH, fragments of cultured tissue were processes for transmission electron microscopy. Except in the control, primordial follicles cultured in supplemented media for 6d were ultrastructurally normal. They had oocyte with intact nucleus and the cytoplasm contained heterogeneous-sized lipid droplets and numerous round or elongated mitochondria with intact parallel cristae were observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was rarely found. The granulosa cells cytoplasm contained a great number of mitochondria and abundant RER. In conclusion, the presence of IAA, EGF, and FSH helped to maintain ultrastructural integrity of sheep primordial follicles cultured in vitro. © 2011 Evelyn Rabelo Andrade et al.

Genetic (co)variance components for ratio of lamb weight to ewe metabolic weight as an indicator of ewe efficiency

Data from a multibreed commercial flock located at Mid-West of Brazil, supported by Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Caprinos e Ovinos de Corte (GENECOC), were used to estimate genetic parameters of traits related to ewe productivity by Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood method applied to an animal model. The analyzed traits were litter weight at birth (LWB) and at weaning (LWW), ewe weight at weaning (EW) and ewe production efficiency, estimated by WEE=LWW/EW 0.75. The heritabilities were 0.26±0.05, 0.32±0.06, 0.37±0.03 and 0.10±0.02 for LWB, LWW, EW and WEE, respectively. Significant effects for direct heterosis were observed for LWW and EW. Recombination losses were important for EW and WEE. Genetic correlations of LWB with LWW, EW and WEE were 0.68, 0.37 and 0.15, respectively; of LWW with EW and WEE were 0.30 and 0.34, respectively; and between EW and WEE was -0.25. Even though it is a low heritability trait, WEE can be indicated as a selection criteria for improving the ewe productivity without increasing the mature weight of animals due to its genetic correlations with LWW and other traits. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Efeito de três espécies de gramíneas forrageiras sobre a estrutura da pastagem e distribuição vertical de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos

The knowledge of interaction between infective larvae setting and the type of grass is important to epidemiological studies and the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three species of forage grasses on pasture characteristics and the vertical distribution of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes of woolless sheep on the grasses during the rainy season. Sixty non-periparturients ewes were used, naturally infected, equally distributed on 2ha paddocks sowed with Tanzania, star, and gamba grasses, managed under continuous grazing system, from October 2003 to March 2004, at Santa Bárbara farm, Barreiras-Bahia-Brazil. Data of three samples between December 2003 and March 2004 were analyzed by SAS, using split-plot design, with 10 replications. Infective larvae of Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were observed on forage in all stratus of vertical layer of the grasses without a defined pattern. Pastures with different characteristics under continuous grazing system had good conditions for developing infective larvae of sheep.

Produção de forragem de Tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio e submetido à lotação contínua

The present assay was conducted at the Research and Development of Adamantina, SP, of the Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) - Pólo da Alta Paulista to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on morphological composition, density of tillers, leaf area index, light interception and herbage accumulation in grazed Tifton 85 subjected to continuous stocking system. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0; 100; 200 and 400kg/ha/year of N), arranged in a randomized complete blocks experimental design with four replications. The grasslands of Cynodon cv. Tifton 85 studied influenced the time of evaluation and of nitrogen levels with a marked effect in morphological composition of the pasture, leaf area index, light interception and population density of tillers that were instrumental in the accumulation of forage. It was found a positive linear effect of nitrogen fertilization on the density of vegetative tillers, totals and herbage accumulation nitrogen fertilization had a marked effect on the amount of total and vegetative tillers, leaf area index in light interception and herbage accumulation. The cultivar Tifton 85 has not reached the necessary conditions for crop growth rate maximum when managed under continuous stocking keeping the grass to 10cm tall.