978 resultados para Neo-desarrollismo


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This doctoral thesis offers a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the changes in the urban shape and landscape of the Girona Counties between 1979 and 2006. The theoretical part of the research lies within the framework of the dispersed city phenomenon, and is based on the hypothesis of convergence towards a global urban model. The empirical part demonstrates this proposition with a study of 522 zone development plans in the Girona Counties. The results point to the consolidation of the dispersed city phenomenon, as shown by the sudden increase in built-up space, the spread of urban development throughout the territory, and the emergence of a new, increasingly generic landscape comprising three major morphological types: urban extensions, low density residential estates and industrial zones. This reveals shortcomings of planning for urban growth, weakening of the city as a public project, and a certain degradation of the Mediterranean city model.

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El inicio de la exportación de petróleo en agosto de 1972 determinó la aceleración de la industrialización y un corto auge de la inversión pública y privada, sin precedentes en la historia económica del Ecuador. Al mismo tiempo, esta súbita abundancia produjo distorsiones estructurales identificadas en la literatura del desarrollo económico como «enfermedad holandesa» que se mantuvieron durante el resto del periodo analizado, hasta finalizar el siglo XX, tornando más difícil la política económica. Esta etapa histórica presenció el cambio del modelo de desarrollo, desde la industrialización horizontal hacia el neoliberalismo, en un tortuoso proceso de ajustes: macroeconómicos primero, inscritos en el enfoque monetario de la balanza de pagos, y desde finales de los años ochenta estructurales, en la línea del Consenso de Washington. Este lapso de casi treinta años estuvo caracterizado por la insostenibilidad macroeconómica, resuelta en dos ocasiones por medio de agresivas devaluaciones monetarias (1982 y 1992) y en una tercera y final con la anulación de la soberanía monetaria mediante la dolarización unilateral de la economía. La deuda externa, factor fundamental de este tránsito hacia el neoliberalismo, jugó un doble papel: desviar el ahorro y la inversión internas hacia los acreedores externos, y supeditar la política económica al condicionamiento del FMI. Sin embargo, fue el libertinaje practicado por algunos grupos financieros el que al finalizar el siglo causó la pérdida del signo monetario.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the serious limitations of neo-liberal capitalism and urge for a shift to socialized capital before further economic deterioration leads to a succession of global conflicts. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper adopts a macro perspective in presenting argument on how global, financial markets integration and capital flow liberalization have led to inadequate market and corporate governance measures. The argument is couched in a selected literature and is preceded by a proposed solution – the requirement for socialized capital. An analysis of the nature of socialized capital is outlined and the questions that require attention identified if a paradigm shift from neo-liberal capitalism is to take place. Findings – The need to urgently shift to a new philosophy of capitalism is overwhelming. Emphasized is that capital needs to adopt a socialised identity and is supported by investment horizons of 30 years or more. It is argued that non-market (e.g. state, NGOs, civil society) intervention is critical in setting appropriate frameworks within which socialized capital can operate. Research limitations/implications – This is a theoretical paper, in which questions are raised which require transparent, public debate. Originality/value – The paper presents the case for a fundamental reconsideration of present day markets, the role of capital and the influence of elites in determining the public good.