Mixing of d(x)(-y)(2)(2) and d(xy) superconducting states for different filling and temperature

We investigate the solution of the gap equation for mixed order parameter symmetry states as a function of filling using a two-dimensional tight-binding model incorporating second-neighbor hopping for tetragonal and orthorhombic lattice, the principal (major) component of the order parameter is taken to be of the d(x2-y2) type, As suggested in several investigations the minor component of the order parameter is taken to be of the d(xy) type. Both the permissible mixing angles 0 and pi/2 between the two components are considered. As a function of filling pronounced maxima of d(x2-y2) order parameter is accompanied by minima of the d(xy) order parameter. At fixed filling. The temperature dependence of the two components of the order parameter is also studied in all cases. The variation of critical temperature T, with filling is also studied and T-c is found to increase with second-neighbor hopping. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Toxicologic evaluation of acute and subacute oral administration of Cucurbita maxima seed extracts to rats and swine

The extract prepared from dried seeds of Cucurbita maxima was administered to rats and pigs. Following a single dose or 4 weeks of daily oral administration, the extract produced no changes in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, uric acid, GOT, GPT, LDH or blood counts. Urine analysis (urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, Na and K), as well as histopathological investigation, showed no abnormalities. These results taken as a whole indicate that the seeds of C. maxima as used in Brazilian folk medicine are not toxic for rats and swine.

REDUCAO DA CONCENTRACAO ALVEOLAR MINIMA DO ISOFLURANO E DO SEVOFLURANO PELO SUFENTANIL

Background and Objectives - Inhalational anesthetics have a mild analgesic effect. The reduction of alveolar concentration (MAC) of potent volatile anesthesics by increasing plasma concentrations of opioids is desired in inhalational anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of sufentanil in reducing sevoflurane and isoflurane MAC. Methods - Thirty eight adult patients of both genders, physical status ASA I or II, submitted to major abdominal procedures were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I (n = 24) received inahalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and Group II (n = 14) received inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane, both diluted in a mixture of N2O (1 liter) and O2 (0.5 liter). A semi-closed system with CO2 absorber and partial reinhalation was used. Ventilation was mechanically controlled. Sufentanil infusion was administered aiming at obtaining 0.5 ng.ml-1 of plasma concentration. Sufentanil plasma concentration was previously calculated by a computer software. End-tidal concentrations were obtained through a gas analyzer and measured at 15 minutes (M1), 30 minutes (M2), 60 minutes (M3), 90 minutes (M4) and 120 minutes (M5). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (RR) were measured during the same periods with the addition of M0 (pre-anesthetic period). Hourly consumption of the inhalational anesthetic agent (IAC), extubation time (ET = time between admission to the recovery room and extubation) and stay in the post anesthesia recovery room (PA-RR) were also measured. Results - Type and duration of surgeries were similar for both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in MAC, SBP, DBP, RR, IAC, TE and PA-RR between groups. Systolic blood pressure in group I (sevoflurane) showed differences among periods F = 3.82 p < O.05; (M2 = M3)(M4 = M5) and M1 had a intermediate value. MAC in group I showed differences among periods F = 9.0 p < 0.05; M1 < M3. MAC in group II also showed differences among periods F = 13.03 p < O.05; M1 < (M2,M3,M4,M5). Conclusions - Both groups had similar behavior when associated to sufentanil in major abdominal surgeries. Group II showed a higher cardiac and circulatory stability.

Multiple minima hypersurfaces procedures for biomimetic ligands screening

In this work the interaction of the pesticide carbaryl with two groups of biomimetic ligands, peptides and MIPs was screened by multiple minima hypersurfaces (MMH) procedures, through the AM1 semiempirical method. Data related to the properties of the molecular association of the complex biomimetic ligand-pesticide were obtained and compared with another molecular modeling algorithm named Leapfrog, as included in the Sybyl software package, and experimental results from the literature, remarking good correlation between them. All important MMH program parameters (cells number, box size, conformers) were studied and optimized with the aim of getting the minimum computation time without losing the correlation with experimental data. The data demonstrated that MMH approach can be used as a fast biomimetic ligand screening tool for MIPs. In the case of peptides the computation time was not comparable with the molecular dynamics methods conventionally used for this approach. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Aplicabilidade da alga cianofícea Spirulina maxima como ingrediente em petfood: avaliação de ação antioxidante e imunológica em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O software MAXIMA aplicado ao cálculo diferencial

Pós-graduação em Matemática Universitária - IGCE

Controle alternativo de helmintos de Astyanax cf. zonatus utilizando fitoterapia com sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima) e mamão (Carica papaya)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de sementes de abóbora e mamão desidratadas e moídas, no controle de helmintos parasitos de Astyanax cf. zonatus. Sessenta peixes foram distribuídos em doze recipientes, um peixe/litro. O experimento constituiu de quatro tratamentos e três repetições: TJ = peixes deixados em jejum; TRC = peixes alimentados com ração comercial; TSA = peixes alimentados ad libitum com abóbora, e TSM = peixes alimentados ad libitum com mamão. Após sete dias de alimentação, todos os peixes foram pesados, e o sangue foi retirado para extensão sanguínea. A eficácia foi determinada, verificando a presença de parasitos nas brânquias, no estômago e no intestino. Os peixes do TJ e TSM apresentaram perda de peso (39% e 25%, respectivamente). O TSA apresentou melhor eficácia no controle de nematóides do intestino e do estômago (95,26% e 92,48%). No controle de monogenéticos TSM promoveu 72% de eficácia. Na hematologia observou-se aumento de monócitos nos peixes do TSM e os valores de eosinofilos diminuíram nos tratamentos TSA, TSM e TRC. Assim pode-se concluir que a alimentação com abóbora pode ser utilizado como um controle alternativo eficaz de nematóides intestinais do lambari.

Mutagenic potential of Cordia ecalyculata alone and in association with Spirulina maxima for their evaluation as candidate anti-obesity drugs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Carbonate system in the water masses of the Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during February and March 2008

[EN]Carbonate system variables were measured in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from South Africa to the southern limit of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) from February to March 2008. Eddies detached from the retroflection of the Agulhas Current increased the gradients observed along the fronts. Minima in the fugacity of CO2, fCO2, and maxima in pH on either side of the frontal zone were observed, noting that within the frontal zone fCO2 reached maximum values and pH was at a minimum.Vertical distributions of water masses were described by their carbonate system properties and their relationship to CFC concentrations. Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) offered pHT,25 values of 7.56 and 7.61, respectively. The UCDW also had higher concentrations of CFC-12 (>0.2 pmol kg?1) as compared to deeper waters, revealing that UCDW was mixed with recently ventilated waters. Calcite and aragonite saturation states ( ) were also affected by the presence of these two water masses with high carbonate concentrations. The aragonite saturation horizon was observed at 1000m in the subtropical area and north of the Subantarctic Front. At the position of the Polar Front, and under the influence of UCDW and LCDW, the aragonite saturation horizon deepened from 800m to 1500m at 50.37_ S, and reached 700m south of 57.5_ S. High latitudes proved to be the most sensitive areas to predicted anthropogenic carbon increase. Buffer coefficients related to changes in [CO2], [H+] and with changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (CT)and total alkalinity (AT) offered minima values in the Antarctic IntermediateWater and UCDWlayers. These coefficients suggest that a small increase in CT will sharply decrease the status of pH and carbonate saturation. Here we present data that suggest that south of 55_ S, surface water will be under-saturated with respect to aragonite within the next few decades.

Verhaltensphysiologische Analyse des Farbensehens bei einem männlichen Vogel Strauss (struthio camelus australis)

In dieser Arbeit wurde das Farbensehen bei einem männlichenVogel Strauss verhaltensphysiologisch untersucht. Anhand vonDressurexperimenten wurden die spektrale Empfindlichkeit unddie Wellenlängenunterscheidungsfähigkeit analysiert und mitden mikrospektrophotometrisch ermittelten Eigenschaften derZapfen (nach Wright und Bowmaker, 2001) verglichen. DerVogel Strauss besitzt vier Zapfentypen mit unterschiedlichgefärbten Öltröpfchen (Typ Y, R, C, T). Öltröpfchen wirkenals Kantenfilter, in dem sie im UV-Bereich und bei kurzenWellenlängen kein Licht hindurchlassen. Die Maxima dereffektiven Zapfenempfindlichkeit verschieben sich dadurch zulängeren Wellenlängen. Die in den Dressurexperimenten ermittelten Maxima derspektralen Empfindlichkeit liegen bei 404nm, 495nm, 544nmund 602,7nm und entsprechen gut der Umhüllenden dermikrospektrophotometrisch ermittelten effektivenZapfenempfindlichkeitsfunktion. Die Wellenlängenunterscheidung beim Vogel Strauss zeigt sichin einer Delta-Lambda-Funktion mit stark ausgeprägten Maxima(bei 474nm und zwischen 529,5nm und 540nm) und Minima(zwischen 402,5nm und 452nm, bei ca. 500nm und 596,5nm) undweist auf ein tetrachromatisches Farbensehen hin. Die Delta-Lambda-Funktion des Strauss und der Schildkröte,die ebenfalls über Öltröpfchen verfügt, sind ähnlich. Sostimmen die Stellen bester Unterscheidung bei ca. 400nm,500nm und 600nm überein. Abweichungen zeigen sich imkurzwelligen Bereich, in dem der Strauss über bessereUnterscheidbarkeit verfügt als die Schildkröte. Im Gegensatzzu anderen untersuchten Vogelarten (Kolibri und Taube) zeigtsich die Wirkung der Öltröpfchen beim Vogel Strauss in derUnterscheidungsfähigkeit für Wellenlängen sehr deutlich.

La struttura della double bubble di area minima

In questa tesi viene presentata una scelta dei passaggi fondamentali per arrivare alla dimostrazione della congettura della double bubble, dovuta ad Hutchings, Morgan, Ritoré e Ros. Questa dimostrazione assicura l'esistenza e l'unicità della superficie minima che permette di racchiudere due volumi nello spazio reale tridimensionale; si tratta quindi di un caso particolare del problema delle bolle di sapone, che ha richiesto la messa a punto di strumenti sofisticati di teoria geometrica della misura, calcolo delle variazioni ed equazioni differenziali non lineari.

Determinazione sperimentale della minima attivita rivelabile dei calibratori di attivita dei radionuclidi

I calibratori di attività dei radionuclidi sono strumenti fondamentali per la pratica diagnostica e terapeutica in Medicina Nucleare. Il loro ruolo principale è quello di quantificare accuratamente l’attività dei radiofarmaci somministrata ai pazienti, vengono pertanto progettati per avere una accuratezza di misura ottimale per attività relativamente alte. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di determinare il livello di minima attività rivelabile (o Minimum Detectable Activity, MDA) di diversi modelli di calibratori di attività, al fine di estendere l’utilizzo di questi strumenti ad altre applicazioni. E’ stata quindi eseguita un’estesa campagna di misure sperimentali sui principali modelli di calibratori commercialmente distribuiti. Le modalità di misura della MDA sviluppate sono basate su un adattamento delle tecniche di riferimento per altri tipi di strumenti; tali tecniche, non solo rispondono all’obiettivo immediato, ma hanno permesso di dimostrare che è possibile una determinazione generalizzata della MDA di questa classe di apparecchiature. I risultati che verranno presentati sono stati ottenuti con una metodologia indipendente dal tipo di apparecchiatura e sono basati su misurazioni che possono essere replicate in ogni laboratorio.