Elimination of parity doublets in Regge amplitudes

In Part I, the common belief that fermions lying on linear trajectories must have opposite-parity partners is shown to be false. Reggeization of a sequence of positive-parity fermion resonance is carried out in the Van Hove model. As a consequence of the absence of negative-parity states, the partial-wave amplitudes must have a fixed cut in the J plane. This fixed cut, in conjunction with the moving Regge pole, provides a new parametrization for fermion-exchange reactions, which is in qualitative agreement with the data.

In Part II, the spin structure of three particle vertices is determined from the quark model. Using these SU(6)_W vertices in the Van Hove model, we derive a Reggeized scattering amplitude. In addition to Regge poles there are necessarily fixed Regge cuts in both fermion and boson exchange amplitudes. These fixed cuts are similar to those found in Part I, and may be viewed as a consequence of the absence of parity doubled quarks. The magnitudes of the pole and cut terms in an entire class of SU(6) related reactions are determined by their magnitudes in a single reaction. As an example we explain the observed presence or absence of wrong-signature nonsense dips in a class of reactions involving vector meson exchange.

Elimination of zero-order diffraction in digital holography

A simple method to suppress the zero-order diffraction in the reconstructed image of digital holography is presented. In this method, the Laplacian of a detected hologram is used instead of the hologram itself for numerical reconstruction by computing the discrete Fresnel integral. This method can significantly improve the image quality and give better resolution and higher accuracy of the reconstructed image. The main advantages of this method are its simplicity in experimental requirements and convenience in data processing. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Investigação da atividade toxicológica de análogos de estatinas em modelos experimentais in vitro

As estatinas são fármacos inibidores competitivos da enzima hidroxi-3-metil-glutaril Coenzima A (HMGCoA) redutase, amplamente utilizados para o controle da hipercolesterolemia total e, em especial, para a redução dos níveis séricos de LDLc (Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol). Além do efeito primário, esses fármacos apresentam vários efeitos secundários, chamados de efeitos pleiotrópicos, envolvendo atividade anti-inflamatória, antitumoral e antiparasitária. Para o desenvolvimento de inovações na área de química medicinal é imprescindível avaliar o risco de efeitos adversos para saúde ou, em outras palavras, a segurança terapêutica do novo produto nas condições propostas de uso. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a genotoxicidade de quatro análogos inibidores da biossíntese de lipídios, da classe das estatinas, em modelos experimentais in vitro, testados previamente contra o clone W2 de Plasmodium falciparum a fim de se obter o IC50 dessas moléculas frente ao patógeno. Foram desenvolvidas quatro novas moléculas (PCSR02.001, PCSR09.001, PCSR08.002 e PCSR10.002). Para a avaliação da toxicidade, foram realizados o teste de mutagenicidade bacteriana (teste de Ames), o ensaio de viabilidade celular utilizando o reagente WST-1 e o ensaio de indução de micronúcleos, ambos utilizando uma linhagem ovariana (CHO-K1) e uma linhagem hepática (HepG2). Levando em conta o fato de nenhuma das amostras ter induzido efeitos mutagênicos nas linhagens de S. enterica sorovar Typhimurium, e PCSR10.002 ter apresentado citotoxicidade sugere-se então que este composto seja o mais tóxico. Comparativamente, PCSR10.002 foi mais genotóxico e citotóxico para a linhagem CHO-K1 do que para a linhagem HepG2. PCSR02.001 apresentou elevado potencial genotóxico para células ovarianas, mas não foi capaz de induzir a formação de micronúcleos em células hepáticas, apresentando, portanto um perfil similar ao observado em PCSR10.002. Assim como a atorvastatina, PCSR09.001 apresentou elevado potencial pró-apoptótico para a linhagem de hepatócitos. Já PCSR08.002, apresentou aumento na apoptose de CHO-K1. A indução de apoptose não é necessariamente um evento negativo, já que é pouco lesiva e responsável pela eliminação de células danificadas. Porém, as respostas de apoptose induzidas por esse composto foram muito inferiores àquelas induzidas pela atorvastatina (cerca de 4 vezes menor que a atorvastatina). PCSR08.002 foi aquele se mostrou menos tóxico e essa amostra foi a que teve menor risco relativo, em uma análise global das respostas de citotoxicidade e não demonstrou ter potencial genotóxico para as linhagens utilizadas nesse estudo. Conclui-se, portanto, que a análise da atividade toxicológica utilizando modelos experimentais in vitro dessas estatinas constitui um importante passo para o estabelecimento de novos candidatos à fármacos com maior segurança.

Loss comparison between an SPWM and harmonic elimination excited small, (<1kW) induction motor drive using Pspice simulation and calorimetry

Adopting square wave excitation to drive induction motors (IMs) can substantially reduce inverter switching losses. However, the low-order time harmonics inherent in the output voltage generates parasitic torques that degrade motor performance and reduce efficiency. In this paper, a novel harmonic elimination modulation technique with full voltage control is studied as an interesting and alternative means of operating small (<1kW) IM drives efficiently. A fully verified harmonic elimination scheme, which removes the 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th and 17 th time harmonics, was implemented and applied to an IGBT driven IM. The power losses incurred in the inverter and the IM as a result of the switching scheme have been determined. © 2008 Crown copyright.

Elimination of environmental noise in interferometric wavelength shift demodulation for dynamic fiber Bragg grating sensor array

We present a novel reference compensation method for eliminating environmental noise in interferometric wavelength shift demodulation for dynamic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. By employing a shielded wavelength-division-multiplexed reference FBG in the system the environmental noise is mea, sured from the reference channel, and then subtracted from the demodulation result of each sensor channel. An approximate 40 dB reduction of the environmental noise has been experimentally achieved over a frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 kHz. This method is also suitable for the elimination of broadband environmental noise. The corresponding FBG sensor array system proposed in this paper has shown a wave-length resolution of 7 x 10(-4) pm/root Hz. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Origin and elimination of spurious solutions of the eight-band k center dot p theory

The origin of spurious solutions in the eight-band envelope function model is examined and it is shown that spurious solutions arise from the additional spurious degeneracies caused by the unphysical bowing of the conduction bands calculated within the eight-band k center dot p model. We propose two approaches to eliminate these spurious solutions. Using the first approach, the wave vector cutoff method, we demonstrate the origin and elimination of spurious solutions in a transparent way without modifying the original Hamiltonian. Through the second approach, we introduce some freedom in modifying the Hamiltonian. The comparison between the results from the various modified Hamiltonians suggests that the wave vector cutoff method can give accurate enough description to the final results.

Spectrum shape compression and pedestal elimination employing a Sagnac loop

We report on the experimental demonstration of a spectrum shaping filter, which is formed by inserting a fiber polarization controller (PC) in to a Sagnac loop. Pedestal free and narrow spectrum with line width at 1.4-1.7 nm is obtained, which is advantageous for further power amplification and effective frequency doubling. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.