Improved MATLAB GUIs for learning frequency response methods

The author developed two GUIs for asymptotic Bode plots and identification from such plots aimed at improving the learning of frequency response methods: these were presented at UKACC Control 2012. Student feedback and reflection by the author suggested various improvements to these GUIs, which have now been implemented. This paper reviews the earlier work, describes the improvements, and includes positive feedback from the students on the GUIs and how they have helped their understanding of the methods.

A MATLAB GUI for learning controller design in the frequency domain

A MATLAB GUI is presented which is used to help students learn to design controllers in the frequency domain. It complements the author’s two previous GUIs for plotting and identification of systems in the frequency domain. It also incorporates the concept used in the “electronic calculator that makes students think” to assist learning. Positive student feedback affirms that the GUI has helped their understanding.

An aggregated wind power generation model based on MERRA reanalysis data: MATLAB model and example data for the April 2014 wind farm distribution of Great Britain.

The MATLAB model is contained within the compressed folders (versions are available as .zip and .tgz). This model uses MERRA reanalysis data (>34 years available) to estimate the hourly aggregated wind power generation for a predefined (fixed) distribution of wind farms. A ready made example is included for the wind farm distribution of Great Britain, April 2014 ("CF.dat"). This consists of an hourly time series of GB-total capacity factor spanning the period 1980-2013 inclusive. Given the global nature of reanalysis data, the model can be applied to any specified distribution of wind farms in any region of the world. Users are, however, strongly advised to bear in mind the limitations of reanalysis data when using this model/data. This is discussed in our paper: Cannon, Brayshaw, Methven, Coker, Lenaghan. "Using reanalysis data to quantify extreme wind power generation statistics: a 33 year case study in Great Britain". Submitted to Renewable Energy in March, 2014. Additional information about the model is contained in the model code itself, in the accompanying ReadMe file, and on our website: http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~energymet/data/Cannon2014/

ANFIS BASED MODELS FOR ACCESSING QUALITY OF WIKIPEDIA ARTICLES

Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Due to the free nature of Wikipedia and allowing open access to everyone to edit articles the quality of articles may be affected. As all people don’t have equal level of knowledge and also different people have different opinions about a topic so there may be difference between the contributions made by different authors. To overcome this situation it is very important to classify the articles so that the articles of good quality can be separated from the poor quality articles and should be removed from the database. The aim of this study is to classify the articles of Wikipedia into two classes class 0 (poor quality) and class 1(good quality) using the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and data mining techniques. Two ANFIS are built using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox [1] available in Matlab. The first ANFIS is based on the rules obtained from J48 classifier in WEKA while the other one was built by using the expert’s knowledge. The data used for this research work contains 226 article’s records taken from the German version of Wikipedia. The dataset consists of 19 inputs and one output. The data was preprocessed to remove any similar attributes. The input variables are related to the editors, contributors, length of articles and the lifecycle of articles. In the end analysis of different methods implemented in this research is made to analyze the performance of each classification method used.

Otimização de reator sequencial em batelada para remoção biológica de carbono e nitrogênio com controle difuso

Este trabalho apresenta a estruturação de um controle difuso, para a automação de reatores seqüenciais em batelada (RSB), no processo de remoção biológica de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio em águas residuárias domésticas, utilizando parâmetros inferenciais, pH, ORP e OD, em que as variáveis controladas foram as durações da reação aeróbia e anóxica. O experimento, em escala de bancada, foi composto por dois reatores seqüenciais em batelada, com volume útil de 10 L, no qual 6 L foram alimentados com esgoto sintético, com características de águas residuárias domésticas. O sistema de automação foi composto pela aquisição dos parâmetros eletroquímicos (pH, ORP e OD), pelos dispositivos atuadores (motor-bomba, aerador e misturador) e pelo controle predeterminado ou difuso. O programa computacional CONRSB foi implementado de forma a integrar o sistema de automação. O controle difuso, implementado, foi constituído pelos procedimentos de: normalização, nebulização, inferência, desnebulização e desnormalização. As variáveis de entrada para o controlador difuso, durante o período: aeróbio foram dpH/dt, dpH/d(t-1) e o pH ; anóxico foram dORP/dt, dORP/d(t-1) e o OD. As normalizações das variáveis crisps estiveram no universo de [0,1], utilizando os valores extremos do ciclo 1 ao 70. Nas nebulizações foram aplicadas as funções triangulares, as quais representaram, satisfatoriamente, as indeterminações dos parâmetros. A inferência nebulosa foi por meio da base heurística (regras), com amparo do especialista, em que a implicação de Mamdani foi aplicada Nessas implicações foram utilizadas dezoito expressões simbólicas para cada período, aeróbio e anóxico. O método de desnebulização foi pelo centro de áreas, que se mostrou eficaz em termos de tempo de processamento. Para a sintonia do controlador difuso empregou-se o programa computacional MATLAB, juntamente com as rotinas Fuzzy logic toolbox e o Simulink. O intervalo entre as atuações do controlador difuso, ficou estabelecido em 5,0 minutos, sendo obtido por meio de tentativas. A operação do RSB 1, durante os 85 ciclos, apresentou a relação média DBO/NTK de 4,67 mg DBO/mg N, sendo classificado como processo combinado de oxidação de carbono e nitrificação. A relação média alimento/microrganismo foi de 0,11 kg DBO/kg sólido suspenso volátil no licor misto.dia, enquadrando nos sistemas com aeração prolongada, em que a idade do lodo correspondeu aos 29 dias. O índice volumétrico do lodo médio foi de 117,5 mL/g, indicando uma sedimentação com características médias. As eficiências médias no processo de remoção de carbono e nitrogênio foram de 90,8% (como DQO) e 49,8%, respectivamente. As taxas específicas médias diárias, no processo de nitrificação e desnitrificação, foram de 24,2g N/kg SSVLM.dia e 15,5 g N/kg SSVLM.dia, respectivamente. O monitoramento, em tempo real, do pH, ORP e OD, mostrou ter um grande potencial no controle dos processos biológicos, em que o pH foi mais representativo no período aeróbio, sendo o ORP e o OD mais representativos no período anóxico. A operação do RSB com o controlador difuso, apresentou do ciclo 71 ao 85, as eficiências médias no processo de remoção de carbono e nitrogênio de 96,4% (como DQO) e 76,4%, respectivamente. A duração média do período aeróbio foi de 162,1 minutos, que tomando como referência o período máximo de 200,0 minutos, reduziu em 19,0% esses períodos. A duração média do período anóxico foi de 164,4 minutos, que tomando como referência o período máximo de 290,0 minutos, apresentou uma redução de 43,3%, mostrando a atuação robusta do controlador difuso. O estudo do perfil temporal, no ciclo 85, mostrou a atuação efetiva do controlador difuso, associada aos pontos de controle nos processos biológicos do RSB. Nesse ciclo, as taxas máximas específicas de nitrificação e desnitrificação observadas, foram de 32,7 g NO3 --N/kg sólido suspenso volátil no licor misto.dia e 43,2g NO3 --N/kg sólido suspenso volátil no licor misto.dia, respectivamente.

The executive toolbox: building legislative support in a multiparty presidential regime

How do presidents win legislative support under conditions of extreme multipartism? Comparative presidential research has offered two parallel answers, one relying on distributive politics and the other claiming that legislative success is a function of coalition formation. We merge these insights in an integrated approach to executive-legislative relations, also adding contextual factors related to dynamism and bargaining conditions. We find that the two presidential “tools” – pork and coalition goods – are substitutable resources, with pork functioning as a fine-tuning instrument that interacts reciprocally with legislative support. Pork expenditures also depend upon a president’s bargaining leverage and the distribution of legislative seats.

Um sistema para estimação da vazão de gás de poços produzindo por Plunger Lift para vaso separador de teste em plataformas de petróleo

This work intends to analyze the behavior of the gas flow of plunger lift wells producing to well testing separators in offshore production platforms to aim a technical procedure to estimate the gas flow during the slug production period. The motivation for this work appeared from the expectation of some wells equipped with plunger lift method by PETROBRAS in Ubarana sea field located at Rio Grande do Norte State coast where the produced fluids measurement is made in well testing separators at the platform. The oil artificial lift method called plunger lift is used when the available energy of the reservoir is not high enough to overcome all the necessary load losses to lift the oil from the bottom of the well to the surface continuously. This method consists, basically, in one free piston acting as a mechanical interface between the formation gas and the produced liquids, greatly increasing the well s lifting efficiency. A pneumatic control valve is mounted at the flow line to control the cycles. When this valve opens, the plunger starts to move from the bottom to the surface of the well lifting all the oil and gas that are above it until to reach the well test separator where the fluids are measured. The well test separator is used to measure all the volumes produced by the well during a certain period of time called production test. In most cases, the separators are designed to measure stabilized flow, in other words, reasonably constant flow by the use of level and pressure electronic controllers (PLC) and by assumption of a steady pressure inside the separator. With plunger lift wells the liquid and gas flow at the surface are cyclical and unstable what causes the appearance of slugs inside the separator, mainly in the gas phase, because introduce significant errors in the measurement system (e.g.: overrange error). The flow gas analysis proposed in this work is based on two mathematical models used together: i) a plunger lift well model proposed by Baruzzi [1] with later modifications made by Bolonhini [2] to built a plunger lift simulator; ii) a two-phase separator model (gas + liquid) based from a three-phase separator model (gas + oil + water) proposed by Nunes [3]. Based on the models above and with field data collected from the well test separator of PUB-02 platform (Ubarana sea field) it was possible to demonstrate that the output gas flow of the separator can be estimate, with a reasonable precision, from the control signal of the Pressure Control Valve (PCV). Several models of the System Identification Toolbox from MATLAB® were analyzed to evaluate which one better fit to the data collected from the field. For validation of the models, it was used the AIC criterion, as well as a variant of the cross validation criterion. The ARX model performance was the best one to fit to the data and, this way, we decided to evaluate a recursive algorithm (RARX) also with real time data. The results were quite promising that indicating the viability to estimate the output gas flow rate from a plunger lift well producing to a well test separator, with the built-in information of the control signal to the PCV

Sistema automatizado para o aproveitamento de água cinza e azul, com controle de PH utilizando lógica fuzzy

Every day, water scarcity becomes a more serious problem and, directly affects global society. Studies are directed in order to raise awareness of the rational use of this natural asset that is essential to our survival. Only 0.007% of the water available in the world have easy access and can be consumed by humans, it can be found in rivers, lakes, etc... To better take advantage of the water used in homes and small businesses, reuse projects are often implemented, resulting in savings for customers of water utilities. The reuse projects involve several areas of engineering, like Environmental, Chemical, Electrical and Computer Engineering. The last two are responsible for the control of the process, which aims to make gray water (soapy water), and clear blue water (rain water), ideal for consumption, or for use in watering gardens, flushing, among others applications. Water has several features that should be taken into consideration when it comes to working its reuse. Some of the features are, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity and, pH. In this document there is a proposal to control the pH (potential Hydrogen) through a microcontroller, using the fuzzy logic as strategy of control. The controller was developed in the fuzzy toolbox of Matlab®

Recuperação e purificação de quitosanases usando adsorção em leito expandido com streamline DEAE com modelagem e simulação usando redes neurais

Expanded Bed Adsorption (EBA) is an integrative process that combines concepts of chromatography and fluidization of solids. The many parameters involved and their synergistic effects complicate the optimization of the process. Fortunately, some mathematical tools have been developed in order to guide the investigation of the EBA system. In this work the application of experimental design, phenomenological modeling and artificial neural networks (ANN) in understanding chitosanases adsorption on ion exchange resin Streamline® DEAE have been investigated. The strain Paenibacillus ehimensis NRRL B-23118 was used for chitosanase production. EBA experiments were carried out using a column of 2.6 cm inner diameter with 30.0 cm in height that was coupled to a peristaltic pump. At the bottom of the column there was a distributor of glass beads having a height of 3.0 cm. Assays for residence time distribution (RTD) revelead a high degree of mixing, however, the Richardson-Zaki coefficients showed that the column was on the threshold of stability. Isotherm models fitted the adsorption equilibrium data in the presence of lyotropic salts. The results of experiment design indicated that the ionic strength and superficial velocity are important to the recovery and purity of chitosanases. The molecular mass of the two chitosanases were approximately 23 kDa and 52 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The phenomenological modeling was aimed to describe the operations in batch and column chromatography. The simulations were performed in Microsoft Visual Studio. The kinetic rate constant model set to kinetic curves efficiently under conditions of initial enzyme activity 0.232, 0.142 e 0.079 UA/mL. The simulated breakthrough curves showed some differences with experimental data, especially regarding the slope. Sensitivity tests of the model on the surface velocity, axial dispersion and initial concentration showed agreement with the literature. The neural network was constructed in MATLAB and Neural Network Toolbox. The cross-validation was used to improve the ability of generalization. The parameters of ANN were improved to obtain the settings 6-6 (enzyme activity) and 9-6 (total protein), as well as tansig transfer function and Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. The neural Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha dezembro/2013 9 networks simulations, including all the steps of cycle, showed good agreement with experimental data, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.974. The effects of input variables on profiles of the stages of loading, washing and elution were consistent with the literature

A New Approach for Real Time Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motors Based on Vibration Measurement

Condition monitoring is used to increase machinery availability and machinery performance, reducing consequential damage, increasing machine life, reducing spare parts inventories, and reducing breakdown maintenance. An efficient real time vibration measurement and analysis instruments is capable of providing warning and predicting faults at early stages. In this paper, a new methodology for the implementation of vibration measurement and analysis instruments in real time based on circuit architecture mapped from a MATLAB/Simulink model is presented. In this study, signal processing applications such as FIR filters and fast Fourier transform are treated as systems, which are implemented in hardware using a system generator toolbox, which translates a Simulink model in a hardware description language - HDL for FPGA implementations.