Using architecture models to support the generation and operation of component-based adaptive systems

Modelling architectural information is particularly important because of the acknowledged crucial role of software architecture in raising the level of abstraction during development. In the MDE area, the level of abstraction of models has frequently been related to low-level design concepts. However, model-driven techniques can be further exploited to model software artefacts that take into account the architecture of the system and its changes according to variations of the environment. In this paper, we propose model-driven techniques and dynamic variability as concepts useful for modelling the dynamic fluctuation of the environment and its impact on the architecture. Using the mappings from the models to implementation, generative techniques allow the (semi) automatic generation of artefacts making the process more efficient and promoting software reuse. The automatic generation of configurations and reconfigurations from models provides the basis for safer execution. The architectural perspective offered by the models shift focus away from implementation details to the whole view of the system and its runtime change promoting high-level analysis. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

On the use of software models during software execution

Increasingly software systems are required to survive variations in their execution environment without or with only little human intervention. Such systems are called "eternal software systems". In contrast to the traditional view of development and execution as separate cycles, these modern software systems should not present such a separation. Research in MDE has been primarily concerned with the use of models during the first cycle or development (i.e. during the design, implementation, and deployment) and has shown excellent results. In this paper the author argues that an eternal software system must have a first-class representation of itself available to enable change. These runtime representations (or runtime models) will depend on the kind of dynamic changes that we want to make available during execution or on the kind of analysis we want the system to support. Hence, different models can be conceived. Self-representation inevitably implies the use of reflection. In this paper the author briefly summarizes research that supports the use of runtime models, and points out different issues and research questions. © 2009 IEEE.

Models@run.time:foundations, applications, and roadmaps

Traditionally, research on model-driven engineering (MDE) has mainly focused on the use of models at the design, implementation, and verification stages of development. This work has produced relatively mature techniques and tools that are currently being used in industry and academia. However, software models also have the potential to be used at runtime, to monitor and verify particular aspects of runtime behavior, and to implement self-* capabilities (e.g., adaptation technologies used in self-healing, self-managing, self-optimizing systems). A key benefit of using models at runtime is that they can provide a richer semantic base for runtime decision-making related to runtime system concerns associated with autonomic and adaptive systems. This book is one of the outcomes of the Dagstuhl Seminar 11481 on models@run.time held in November/December 2011, discussing foundations, techniques, mechanisms, state of the art, research challenges, and applications for the use of runtime models. The book comprises four research roadmaps, written by the original participants of the Dagstuhl Seminar over the course of two years following the seminar, and seven research papers from experts in the area. The roadmap papers provide insights to key features of the use of runtime models and identify the following research challenges: the need for a reference architecture, uncertainty tackled by runtime models, mechanisms for leveraging runtime models for self-adaptive software, and the use of models at runtime to address assurance for self-adaptive systems.

Átmenet vagy spontán rend(etlenség)? = Transition or spontaneous order/disorder?

Az írás arra a kérdésre keresi a választ, hogy a két évtized után tartóssá, vagyis trenddé váló gazdasági és társadalmi eltérések a "posztkommunista" országok között milyen okokra vezethetők vissza. Másodsorban azt elemzi, mi a jelentősége e sokrétű különbségek modellszerű kategorizálásának. Ennek alapja az állami szerepvállalás mértéke és minősége. Végül harmadikként azt a kérdéskört vizsgálja, hogy az eltérések milyen következményekkel járnak. A fő következtetés az, hogy a közösségi választások ugyan jelentősek, ezek szerepe azonban a pályafüggőséghez képest sokkal kisebb, mint azt a legtöbb elmélet föltételezi. Az eredmény - Hayekkel szólva (Hayek [1995]) - emberi cselekvés, ámde nem emberi tervezet szülötte. _____ The article seeks to discover what causes can be traced for the economic and social differences that have become permanent or a trend after two decades. Secondly, it analy-ses what importance this model-like categorization of manifold differences bears. Thirdly and lastly, it examines the sphere of questions to do with the consequences of these differences. The main conclusion is that the community choices are significant, but their role is much less, by comparison with career dependence, than most theories assume. Achievement, to quote Hayek (1995) is borne of human endeavour, not human planning.

Utilizando comitês de classificadores para predição de rendimento escolar

Educational Data Mining is an application domain in artificial intelligence area that has been extensively explored nowadays. Technological advances and in particular, the increasing use of virtual learning environments have allowed the generation of considerable amounts of data to be investigated. Among the activities to be treated in this context exists the prediction of school performance of the students, which can be accomplished through the use of machine learning techniques. Such techniques may be used for student’s classification in predefined labels. One of the strategies to apply these techniques consists in their combination to design multi-classifier systems, which efficiency can be proven by results achieved in other studies conducted in several areas, such as medicine, commerce and biometrics. The data used in the experiments were obtained from the interactions between students in one of the most used virtual learning environments called Moodle. In this context, this paper presents the results of several experiments that include the use of specific multi-classifier systems systems, called ensembles, aiming to reach better results in school performance prediction that is, searching for highest accuracy percentage in the student’s classification. Therefore, this paper presents a significant exploration of educational data and it shows analyzes of relevant results about these experiments.

Adding Run-Time Monitoring to UML-RT by Modifying the Papyrus-RT Code Generator

In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), the developer creates a model using a language such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) or UML for Real-Time (UML-RT) and uses tools such as Papyrus or Papyrus-RT that generate code for them based on the model they create. Tracing allows developers to get insights such as which events occur and timing information into their own application as it runs. We try to add monitoring capabilities using Linux Trace Toolkit: next generation (LTTng) to models created in UML-RT using Papyrus-RT. The implementation requires changing the code generator to add tracing statements for the events that the user wants to monitor to the generated code. We also change the makefile to automate the build process and we create an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file that allows developers to view their traces visually using Trace Compass, an Eclipse-based trace viewing tool. Finally, we validate our results using three models we create and trace.

Upplevelser av "Employer Branding" : En kvalitativ fallstudie av anställda hos BA

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur medarbetarna på BA (fiktivt namn) upplever organisationens interna Employer Branding-arbete samt att belysa de aspekter som eventuellt skiljer strategi mot upplevelse. Det gjordes ett målinriktat urval av organisation medan valet av deltagare var ett slumpmässigt urval vilket resulterade i åtta respondenter (n= 8). Studien var en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett psykologiskt angreppssätt och innehöll en ostrukturerad intervju som tillsammans med dokumentation utgjorde intervjuguiden för den primära datainsamlingen genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetarna. Fördelningen av urvalet var fyra kvinnor och fyra män med varierade yrkesroller inom en bemanningsdivision. Både den ostrukturerade intervjun och de semistrukturerade intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av analysmetoden tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visade att BA:s interna Employer Branding och medarbetarnas upplevelser i stora drag överensstämde. Värderingar och interna karriärmöjligheter var centrala aspekter som både organisationen och respondenterna belyste. 

Haruki

Il y une opinion selon laquelle la pensée de Lacan pourrait être taxée de phallocentrisme. Certes, on peut reconnaître dans la théorie lacanienne des premières années une partie qu’on peut interpréter de cette façon, bien qu’un tel jugement soit peu fondé. Mais lorsque, dans ses dernières années, Lacan a insisté sur le caractère incomplet du Symbolique en donnant plus d’importance au Réel, on ne peut plus d’aucune manière considérer sa psychanalyse comme phallocentrique. A travers les recherches précédentes, l’auteur du présent article tend à croire de plus en plus que la féminité est une notion clé pour comprendre cet aspect théorique de la pensée de Lacan. C’est ce que le présent article veut affirmer plus formellement en se fondant sur les écrits lacaniens des dernières années et en particulier le Séminaire XX. L’exemple qui nous servira de support, c’est la figure de Médée qu’on pourrait qualifier de trop féminine.

Modelación geofísica con métodos potenciales en un ambiente geológico multicapa de densidades inversas, aplicado a la cuenca de la Popa, NE de México

En este trabajo de investigación se presenta el análisis integral de datos gravimétricos y aeromagnéticos en el área de la Cuenca de La Popa y las estructuras geológicas que la rodean. El análisis fue complementado con un Modelo Digital de Elevaciones (MDE) que, combinado con la revisión de estudios geológicos previos, sirvió para comparar las estructuras en superficie y bloques del basamento en el área de estudio. Se hizo la separación de los bloques tectónicos más importantes, llegando por último al desarrollo de tres modelos geológicos-geofísicos 2D que representan de manera general las características estructurales más importantes del noreste de México.

Modelo de conducta sexual en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres

Evaluar un modelo explicativo de la conducta sexual de los HSH a partir de algunos conceptos del MPS, como las características personales (biológicas, psicológicas y socioculturales), las cogniciones (autoeficacia percibida, beneficios percibidos, barreras percibidas, influencias interpersonales y situacionales) y la conducta de salud, además de los conceptos de identidad sexual, búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y homofobia internalizada. Se utilizó un diseño de comprobación de modelo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 241 HSH, la cual se calculó con un nivel de significancia de .05, un Coeficiente de Determinación de R2 = .1, una potencia de prueba de 90% para un modelo de Regresión Lineal Multivariado con 14 variables. Se utilizó el muestreo dirigido por entrevistados (MDE). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: escala de búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, escala de homofobia internalizada, sub-escala de beneficios percibido de la escala de creencias de salud sida, sub-escala de efectos sobre la experiencia sexual en hombres, escala de autoeficacia para el uso del condón, escala provisión social para sexo seguro para medir el apoyo familiar y de la pareja, escala de influencias situacionales para la conducta sexual en HSH y escala de conducta sexual en HSH estos últimos (2), fueron elaboradas para el presente estudio. Los instrumentos fueron aplicados en lápiz y papel y en línea, éste último aplicado a través del portal SurveyMonkey. Todos los instrumentos mostraron confiabilidad aceptable. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors, coeficientes correlación de Sperman, pruebas de Regresión Lineal Múltiple y el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Contribución y Conclusiones: La variable número de parejas sexuales en el último año, presentó una media de 10.52 (Mdn= 3.0, DE= 30.54, min= 1, max= 300) y el 12.9% de los participantes señalaron haber tenido al menos una ITS (Media= .13, DE= .33). En relación a los modelos de regresión, en el primer modelo de factores biológicos, socioculturales y psicológicos en la percepción para el uso del condón, se encontró que una identidad bisexual, hombre o gay perciben mayores beneficios (F[6,231]= 3.27, p < .001). También, a mayor escolaridad y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales perciben mayores barreras para usar el condón (F[6,231]= 6.66, p < .001). Los HSH que se identifican como gay y tienen mayor escolaridad perciben mayor autoeficacia en la comunicación y en el uso correcto del condón (F[6,231]= 4.32, p < .001; F[6,231]= 2.44, p < .05, respectivamente). En el segundo modelo de factores biológicos, socioculturales y psicológicos en las influencias interpersonales para la conducta sexual en HSH, demostró que los HSH con mayor escolaridad y menor búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales tienen mayor apoyo de la pareja para practicar sexo seguro (F [9,210]= 2.61, p < .001).

Zonas úmidas nas bacias dos rios Murucutu e Aurá para identificar áreas suscetíveis a contaminantes.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi identificar zonar úmidas nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Murucutu e Aurá (BHMA) para identificar áreas suscetíveis a contaminantes. Técnicas de manipulação e análises de dados matriciais de Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) permitiram a delimitação de áreas úmidas em decorrência de enchente e/ou alagamento. Características físicas da bacia (declividade, uso e cobertura do solo e altimetria) foram usadas em álgebra de mapas em Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A partir de critérios de ponderação foram gerados novos planos de informação (PIs). Fez-se a reclassificação nos planos de informação gerados e atribui-se pesos para aplicação do método de Análise Hierárquica Ponderada (AHP). Os pressupostos metodológicos de geomática possibilitaram a delimitação de zonas com muito alta e alta umidade. Os resultados apontaram que cerca de 56% dessas bacias estão suscetíveis a contaminantes, principalmente pelo chorume que apresenta pode ser transportado pelo lixão do Aurá. Conclui-se que como mais da metade da BHMA possui zonas com muito alta e alta umidade, os efeitos decorrentes de contaminantes pode ser intensificado em eventos de chuvas extremas e marés altas. O ponto de conexão entre as duas bacias evidencia que o transporte de contaminantes pode ameaçar os mananciais de Bolonha e Água Preta que abastecem Belém e Ananindeua.

Modelar o programar en prácticas de robótica

En este trabajo se muestra la experiencia de usar una herramienta de desarrollo de ingeniería basada en modelos (MDE) frente a otra herramienta tradicional de programacion de sistemas embebidos en lenguaje C, para la realizacion de clases practicas de robotica. Se ha plantea do una practica basada en el control cinemático de un robot móvil en ambos entornos con similares bloques y funciones de partida. Los resultados muestran tanto la comparación de las evaluaciones objetivas realiza das a los dos grupos como los datos relativos a los tiempos requeridos para la realización de las diferentes partes de la practica. Si bien, los resultados del aprendizaje son mayores en el caso del método basado en programacion, la diferencia en tiempos invertidos y otras valoraciones hacen m´as adecuado el MDE .

Contribuição da Geodésia ao monitoramento costeiro do Litoral Setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, área de influência da indústria petrolífera

The general objective of this thesis has been seasonal monitoring (quarterly time scale) of coastal and estuarine areas of a section of the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, environmentally sensitive and with intense sediment erosion in the oil activities to underpin the implementation of projects for containment of erosion and mitigate the impacts of coastal dynamics. In order to achieve the general objective, the work was done systematically in three stages which consisted the specific objectives. The first stage was the implementation of geodetic reference infrastructure for carrying out the geodetic survey of the study area. This process included the implementation of RGLS (Northern Coast of the RN GPS Network), consisting of stations with geodetic coordinates and orthometric heights of precision; positioning of Benchmarks and evaluation of the gravimetric geoid available, for use in GPS altimetry of precision; and development of software for GPS altimetry of precision. The second stage was the development and improvement of methodologies for collection, processing, representation, integration and analysis of CoastLine (CL) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) obtained by geodetic positioning techniques. As part of this stage have been made since, the choice of equipment and positioning methods to be used, depending on the required precision and structure implanted, and the definition of the LC indicator and of the geodesic references best suited, to coastal monitoring of precision. The third step was the seasonal geodesic monitoring of the study area. It was defined the execution times of the geodetic surveys by analyzing the pattern of sediment dynamics of the study area; the performing of surveys in order to calculate and locate areas and volumes of erosion and accretion (sandy and volumetric sedimentary balance) occurred on CL and on the beaches and islands surfaces throughout the year, and study of correlations between the measured variations (in area and volume) between each survey and the action of the coastal dynamic agents. The results allowed an integrated study of spatial and temporal interrelationships of the causes and consequences of intensive coastal processes operating in the area, especially to the measurement of variability of erosion, transport, balance and supply sedimentary over the annual cycle of construction and destruction of beaches. In the analysis of the results, it was possible to identify the causes and consequences of severe coastal erosion occurred on beaches exposed, to analyze the recovery of beaches and the accretion occurring in tidal inlets and estuaries. From the optics of seasonal variations in the CL, human interventions to erosion contention have been proposed with the aim of restoring the previous situation of the beaches in the process of erosion.

Monitoramento da morfologia costeira em setores da bacia potiguar sob influência da indústria petrolífera utilizando geodésia de alta precisão e laser escâner terrestre

The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was monitoring, in trimestral scale, the coastal morphology of the Northeastern coast sections of Rio Grande do Norte State, in Brazil, which is an area of Potiguar Basin influenced by the oil industry activities. The studied sections compose coastal areas with intense sedimentary erosion and high environmental sensitivity to the oil spill. In order to achieve the general objective of this study, the work has been systematized in four steps. The first one refers to the evaluation of the geomorphological data acquisition methodologies used on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of sandy beaches. The data has been obtained from Soledade beach, located on the Northeastern coast of Rio Grande Norte. The second step has been centered on the increasing of the reference geodetic infrastructure to accomplish the geodetic survey of the studied area by implanting a station in Corta Cachorro Barrier Island and by conducting monitoring geodetic surveys to understand the beach system based on the Coastline (CL) and on DEM multitemporal analysis. The third phase has been related to the usage of the methodology developed by Santos; Amaro (2011) and Santos et al. (2012) for the surveying, processing, representation, integration and analysis of Coastlines from sandy coast, which have been obtained through geodetic techniques of positioning, morphological change analysis and sediment transport. The fourth stage represents the innovation of surveys in coastal environment by using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), to evaluate a highly eroded section on Soledade beach where the oil industry structures are located. The evaluation has been achieved through high-precision DEM and accuracy during the modeling of the coast morphology changes. The result analysis of the integrated study about the spatial and temporal interrelations of the intense coastal processes in areas of building cycles and destruction of beaches has allowed identifying the causes and consequences of the intense coastal erosion in exposed beach sections and in barrier islands

Preface to Models@run.time 2016

The complexity of adapting software during runtime has spawned interest in how models can be used to validate, monitor and adapt runtime behaviour. The use of models during runtime extends the use of modeling techniques beyond the design and implementation phases. The goal of this workshop is to look at issues related to developing appropriate modeldriven approaches to managing and monitoring the execution of systems and, also, to allow the system to reason about itself. We aim to continue the discussion of research ideas and proposals from researchers who work in relevant areas such as MDE, software architectures, reflection, and autonomic and self-adaptive systems, and provide a 'state-of-the-art' research assessment expressed in terms of challenges and achievements.