Biophotonic and photobiological sensors: an attempt at a synthesizor approach

In order to try to apply nature-related learned concepts to optical sensors and to smart structures, and after some considerations concerning the differences between biophotonic andphotobiological sensors, some Sensory Physiology notions are presented. The influence of the subjective notions of perception are shown. Several examples are given of sensory illusions and the differences between seeing and interpreting. Different types of eyes, ranging from the compound to the mammalian eyes, are studied. A first interpretation of the previous facts concludes the paper as well as some considerations about the chaos as a possible tool to interpret them.

Some relations between visual perception and non-linear photonic structures

The main objective of this work is to present a way to emulate some functions of the mammalian visual system and a model to analyze subjective sensations and visual illusions

The influence of depicted illumination on brightness

The striking illusions produced by simultaneous brightness contrast generally are attributed to the center-surround receptive field organization of lower order neurons in the primary visual pathway. Here we show that the apparent brightness of test objects can be either increased or decreased in a predictable manner depending on how light and shadow are portrayed in the scene. This evidence suggests that perceptions of brightness are generated empirically by experience with luminance relationships, an idea whose implications we pursue in the accompanying paper.

Optical images of visible and invisible percepts in the primary visual cortex of primates

We optically imaged a visual masking illusion in primary visual cortex (area V-1) of rhesus monkeys to ask whether activity in the early visual system more closely reflects the physical stimulus or the generated percept. Visual illusions can be a powerful way to address this question because they have the benefit of dissociating the stimulus from perception. We used an illusion in which a flickering target (a bar oriented in visual space) is rendered invisible by two counter-phase flickering bars, called masks, which flank and abut the target. The target and masks, when shown separately, each generated correlated activity on the surface of the cortex. During the illusory condition, however, optical signals generated in the cortex by the target disappeared although the image of the masks persisted. The optical image thus was correlated with perception but not with the physical stimulus.

Seeing properties of an invisible object: Feature inheritance and shine-through

We characterize a class of spatio-temporal illusions with two complementary properties. Firstly, if a vernier stimulus is flashed for a short time on a monitor and is followed immediately by a grating, the latter can express features of the vernier, such as its offset, its orientation, or its motion (feature inheritance). Yet the vernier stimulus itself remains perceptually invisible. Secondly, the vernier can be rendered visible by presenting gratings with a larger number of elements (shine-through). Under these conditions, subjects perceive two independent “objects” each carrying their own features. Transition between these two domains can be effected by subtle changes in the spatio-temporal layout of the grating. This should allow psychophysicists and electrophysiologists to investigate feature binding in a precise and quantitative manner.

Illusory memories: A cognitive neuroscience analysis

Memory illusions and distortions have long been of interest to psychology researchers studying memory, but neuropsychologists and neuroscientists have paid relatively little attention to them. This article attempts to lay the foundation for a cognitive neuroscience analysis of memory illusions and distortions by reviewing relevant evidence from a patient with a right frontal lobe lesion, patients with amnesia produced by damage to the medial temporal lobes, normal aging, and healthy young volunteers studied with functional neuroimaging techniques. Particular attention is paid to the contrasting roles of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe structures in accurate and illusory remembering. Converging evidence suggests that the study of illusory memories can provide a useful tool for delineating the brain processes and systems involved in constructive aspects of remembering.

A poetical essay deliver'd at Commencement, July 19th, 1786

Eight-page handwritten essay written by Harvard graduate Robert Fowle for the 1786 Harvard College Commencement ceremonies. The essay begins, "While different objects crowd the inraptur'd Mind..." and contains classical illusions. The text contains struck-out words and edits.

Perception of distortion

"Contract no. N61339-506."

Les alliés et la crise orientale ...

Author's name at head of title.

The true and false pacifism,

Who is responsible for the present war and what is at stake?--The birth of pan-Germanism.--The progress and aims of German militarism.--The movement towards international reform.--Some illusions entertained by Germany.--Pacifism and an indecisive peace.--A durable peace.--A definitive peace.

Hours with men and books /

Seventh thousand.

Marriage and divorce,

The three addresses were delivered before the Society for ethical culture of New York city; the first two were published 1905 under title: Marriage and divorce.

Oeuvres complètes.

V. 1. Béatrix.--v. 2-3. Les célibataires.--v. 4. César Birotteau.--v. 5. Les Chouans. Une passion dans le desert.--v. 6. Le colonel Chabert. Gobseck. La bourse. La grenadière. L'interdiction.--v.7-8. Les contes drolatiques.--v. 9. Le contrat de mariage. Albert Savarus. Étude de femme.--v. 10. Le cousin Pons.--v. 11. La cousine Bette.--v. 12. Le curé de village.--v. 13. Un début dans la vie. Une double famille. Pierre Grassou.--v. 14. Le député d'Arcis.--v. 15. Les employés. Sarrasine. Gaudissart II. Facino Cane.--v. 16. L'enfant Maudit. Massimilla Doni. Un drame au bord de la mer. Le réquisitionnaire. Gambara.--v. 17. Eugénie Grandet.--v. 18. La femme de trente ans. La femme abandonnée. La messe de l'Athée. Le message.--v. 19. Histoire des treize.--v. 20. Honorine. La paix du ménage. Madame Firmiani. La vendetta. La grande Bretèche.--v. 21-23. Illusions perdues.--v. 24. Louis Lambert. Séraphita.--v. 25. Le lys dans la vallée.--v. 26. Madame de la Chanterie. L'initié. Z. Marcás.--v. 27. La maison du chat qui pelote. Le bal de sceaux. Une fille d'Eve.--v. 28. La maison Nucingen. Les secrets de la princesse de Cadignan. Un homme d'affaires. Les comédiens sans le savoir. Un prince de la Bohème.--v. 29. Les Marana. Adieu. El verdugo. L'auberge rouge. Maitre Cornélius. L'élixir de longue vie. les proscrits.--v. 30. Le médicin de campagne.--v. 31. Memoires de deux jeunes mariées. La fausse maitresse.--v. 32. Modeste Mignon.--v. 33. Monographie du rentier Physiologie de l'employé. Traité de la vie élégante. Monographie de la presse parisienne.--v. 34. Théorie de la démarche. Traité des excitants modernes. Portraits et critique littéraire. Physiologie de la toilette. Physiologie gastronomique. De la mode en littérature. Gavarni. La chine et les chinois. Contes et nouvelles.--v. 35. Les paysans.--v. 36. Le peau de chagrin.--v. 37. Le père Goriot.--v. 38. Petites misères de la vie conjugale. Une rue de Paris et son habitant.--v. 39-40. Les petits bourgeois.--v. 42. La recherche de l'absolu. Le chef d'oeuvre inconnu. Jésus-Christ en Flandre. Melmoth réconcilie.--v. 43-44. Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes.--v. 45. Sur Catherine de Médicis. Le martyr Calviniste. Les confidences de Ruggieri. Les deux rêves.--v. 46. Une ténébreuse affaire. Un épisode sous la terreur.--v. 47. Vautrin. Les ressources de Quinola. Paméla Giraud.--v. 48. La maratre. Le faiseur.--v. 49. Ursele Mirouet.--v. 50. La vieille fille. Le cabinet des antiques.

[The works of Balzac : tr. into English].

Arbitrarily numbered.

Scènes de la vie de province,

Ser. 1. Les célibataires.-La femme abandonnée.-Illusions perdues.--Ser. 2. La vieille fille.-La Grenadière.-Message.-La grande Bretèche.-L'illustre Gaudichard.