Robots with a gentle touch: advances in assistive robotics and prosthetics

As healthcare costs rise and an aging population makes an increased demand on services, so new techniques must be introduced to promote an individuals independence and provide these services. Robots can now be designed so they can alter their dynamic properties changing from stiff to flaccid, or from giving no resistance to movement, to damping any large and sudden movements. This has some strong implications in health care in particular for rehabilitation where a robot must work in conjunction with an individual, and might guiding or assist a persons arm movements, or might be commanded to perform some set of autonomous actions. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of rehabilitation robots with examples from prosthetics, aids for daily living and physiotherapy. In all these situations there is the potential for the interaction to be non-passive with a resulting potential for the human/machine/environment combination to become unstable. To understand this instability we must develop better models of the human motor system and fit these models with realistic parameters. This paper concludes with a discussion of this problem and overviews some human models that can be used to facilitate the design of the human/machine interfaces.

Generating virtual environments to allow increased access to the built environment

The problems encountered by individuals with disabilities when accessing large public buildings is described and a solution based on the generation of virtual models of the built environment is proposed. These models are superimposed on a control network infrastructure, currently utilised in intelligent building applications such as lighting, heating and access control. The use of control network architectures facilitates the creation of distributed models that closely mirror both the physical and control properties of the environment. The model of the environment is kept local to the installation which allows the virtual representation of a large building to be decomposed into an interconnecting series of smaller models. This paper describes two methods of interacting with the virtual model, firstly a two dimensional aural representation that can be used as the basis of a portable navigational device. Secondly an augmented reality called DAMOCLES that overlays additional information on a user’s normal field of view. The provision of virtual environments offers new possibilities in the man-machine interface so that intuitive access to network based services and control functions can be given to a user.

Future issues with robots and cyborgs

In this article, four different practical experiments in robotics and human/machine merger are firstly described and then considered with regard to their ethical implications. Results from the experiments are discussed in terms of their meaning and application possibilities. The article is written from the perspective of scientific experimentation, opening up realistic possibilities to be faced in the future rather than giving conclusive comments on the technologies employed. Human implantation and the merger of biology and technology are key elements.

Blog diários: reflexões sobre a identidade indígena na virtualidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos ergonômicos em colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar: ruído, distribuição dos comandos e avaliação ponderada de conforto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de aplicativos usando reconhecimento e síntese de voz

A fala é um mecanismo natural para a interação homem-máquina. A tecnologia de processamento de fala (ou voz) encontra-se bastante avançada e, em escala mundial, existe vasta disponibilidade de software, tanto comercial quanto acadêmico. a maioria assume a disponibilidade de um reconhecedor e/ou sintetizador, que pode ser programado via API. Ao contrário do que ocorre, por exemplo, na língua inglesa, inexiste atualmente uma gama variada de recursos para o português brasileiro. O presente trabalho discute alguns esforços realizados nesse sentido, avaliando a utilização da SAPI E JSAPI, que são as APIs da Microsoft e Sun, respectivamente. Serão apresentados, outrossim, exemplos de aplicativos: uma aplicação CALL (baseada em SAPI) usando síntese em inglês e português, reconhecimento em inglês e agentes visuais; e uma proposta para agregar reconhecimento e síntese de voz ao chat IRC através de APIs Java.

Deep learning architecture for gesture recognition

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Avaliação da usabilidade de representações cartográficas em diferentes escalas para sistema de navegação e guia de rota em automóvel

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Realidade misturada: conceitos, ferramentas e aplicações

The Mixed Reality proposes scenes combining between virtual and real worlds offering to the user an intuitive way of interaction according to a specific application. This tutorial paper aims at presenting the fundamentals concepts of this emergent kind of human-computer interface.

A linguagem do videogame como ferramenta auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizado

Thisarticlediscussesissuesrelatedtothedesignlang uagewith a focusonteachingandlearningthroughthe useofgamesas a tool touncoverthe world. The gamesare abletosystematizethelanguagesothatyoucanlearnbyplayingthi swayandmakingthe interfacemore playful, more accessibleandlike us. Playing as apusherelementof newpossibilitiesandgamesare emergingas aplayfulargumentfor teachingin theman-machine interface.

Impact of acquired enamel pellicle modification on initial dental erosion

The acquired enamel pellicle that forms on the tooth surface serves as a natural protective barrier against dental erosion. Numerous proteins composing the pellicle serve different functions within this thin layer. Our study examined the effect of incorporated mucin and casein on the erosion-inhibiting potential of the acquired enamel pellicle. Cyclic acidic conditions were applied to mimic the erosive environment present at the human enamel interface during the consumption of soft drinks. One hundred enamel specimens were prepared for microhardness tests and distributed randomly into 5 groups (n = 20) that received the following treatment: deionized water, humidity chamber, mucin, casein, or a combination of mucin and casein. Each group was exposed to 3 cycles of a 2-hour incubation in human saliva, followed by a 2-hour treatment in the testing solution and a 1-min exposure to citric acid. The microhardness analysis demonstrated that the mixture of casein and mucin significantly improved the erosion-inhibiting properties of the human pellicle layer. The addition of individual proteins did not statistically impact the function of the pellicle. These data suggest that protein-protein interactions may play an important role in the effectiveness of the pellicle to prevent erosion.