Direct-on-line axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator static and dynamic performance

In distributed energy production, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are often connected to the grid via frequency converters, such as voltage source line converters. The price of the converter may constitute a large part of the costs of a generating set. Some of the permanent magnet synchronous generators with converters and traditional separately excited synchronous generators couldbe replaced by direct-on-line (DOL) non-controlled PMSGs. Small directly networkconnected generators are likely to have large markets in the area of distributed electric energy generation. Typical prime movers could be windmills, watermills and internal combustion engines. DOL PMSGs could also be applied in island networks, such as ships and oil platforms. Also various back-up power generating systems could be carried out with DOL PMSGs. The benefits would be a lower priceof the generating set and the robustness and easy use of the system. The performance of DOL PMSGs is analyzed. The electricity distribution companies have regulations that constrain the design of the generators being connected to the grid. The general guidelines and recommendations are applied in the analysis. By analyzing the results produced by the simulation model for the permanent magnet machine, the guidelines for efficient damper winding parameters for DOL PMSGs are presented. The simulation model is used to simulate grid connections and load transients. The damper winding parameters are calculated by the finite element method (FEM) and determined from experimental measurements. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) is carried out. The results from the simulation model and 3D FEA are compared with practical measurements from two prototype axial flux permanent magnet generators provided with damper windings. The dimensioning of the damper winding parameters is case specific. The damper winding should be dimensioned based on the moment of inertia of the generating set. It is shown that the damper winding has optimal values to reach synchronous operation in the shortest period of time after transient operation. With optimal dimensioning, interferenceon the grid is minimized.

Applicability of Power-Line Communications to Data Transfer of On-line Condition Monitoring of Electrical Drives

The research of power-line communications has been concentrated on home automation, broadband indoor communications and broadband data transfer in a low voltage distribution network between home andtransformer station. There has not been carried out much research work that is focused on the high frequency characteristics of industrial low voltage distribution networks. The industrial low voltage distribution network may be utilised as a communication channel to data transfer required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors. The advantage of using power-line data transfer is that it does not require the installing of new cables. In the first part of this work, the characteristics of industrial low voltage distribution network components and the pilot distribution network are measured and modelled with respect topower-line communications frequencies up to 30 MHz. The distributed inductances, capacitances and attenuation of MCMK type low voltage power cables are measured in the frequency band 100 kHz - 30 MHz and an attenuation formula for the cables is formed based on the measurements. The input impedances of electric motors (15-250 kW) are measured using several signal couplings and measurement based input impedance model for electric motor with a slotted stator is formed. The model is designed for the frequency band 10 kHz - 30 MHz. Next, the effect of DC (direct current) voltage link inverter on power line data transfer is briefly analysed. Finally, a pilot distribution network is formed and signal attenuation in communication channels in the pilot environment is measured. The results are compared with the simulations that are carried out utilising the developed models and measured parameters for cables and motors. In the second part of this work, a narrowband power-line data transfer system is developed for the data transfer ofon-line condition monitoring of electric motors. It is developed using standardintegrated circuits. The system is tested in the pilot environment and the applicability of the system for the data transfer required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors is analysed.

La situaci��n de la venta de contenidos on line en Espa��a: un estudio del lector de prensa digital

Actualmente es una realidad la dificultad del cobro por servicios on line. Sobre todo si estos servicios son de car��cter generalista y se reproducen en muchos sitios web. Las actuales iniciativas de algunos peri��dicos para cobrar no tienen todav��a el suficiente valor a��adido para que los usuarios paguen. Muchas veces el tr��fico que pierden, y por lo tanto los ingresos de publicidad on line que dejan de ingresar, representan una mayor cantidad econ��mica que el dinero que les suponen las nuevas suscripciones. En el presente trabajo se pretende estudiar el comportamiento de los lectores de diarios on line, identificando cuales son los principales elementos que este tipo de lectores valoran para posteriormente realizar una buena estrategia de contenidos de pago.

On-Line Analytical Processing of Inventory Turnover

Operatiivisen tiedon tuottaminen loppuk��ytt��jille analyyttist�� tarkastelua silm��ll�� pit��en aiheuttaa ongelmia useille yrityksille. Diplomity�� pyrkii ratkaisemaan ko. ongelman Teleste Oyj:ss��. Ty�� on jaettu kolmeen p����kappaleeseen. Kappale 2 selkiytt���� On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)- k��sitteen. Kappale 3 esittelee muutamia OLAP-tuotteiden valmistajia ja heid��n arkkitehtuurejaan sek�� tyypillisten sovellusalueiden lis��ksi huomioon otettavia asioita OLAP k��ytt����noton yhteydess��. Kappale 4, tuo esille varsinaisen ratkaisun. Teknisell�� arkkitehtuurilla on merkitt��v�� asema ratkaisun rakenteen kannalta. T��ss�� on sovellettu Microsoft:n tietovarasto kehysrakennetta. Kappaleen 4 edetess��, tapahtumak��sittelytieto muutetaan informaatioksi ja edelleen loppuk��ytt��jien tiedoksi. Loppuk��ytt��j��t varustetaan tehokkaalla ja tosiaikaisella analysointity��kalulla moniulotteisessa ymp��rist��ss��. Vaikka kiertonopeus otetaan ty��ss�� sovellusesimerkiksi, ty�� ei pyri l��yt��m����n optimaalista tasoa Telesten varastoille. Siit�� huolimatta er��it�� parannusehdotuksia mainitaan.

On-line ���jatkojalostuksen integrointi m��ntysahan tuotantoprosessiin

Diplomity��n tavoitteena oli selvitt���� erilaisia jatkojalostusmahdollisuuksia, joilla voidaan nostaa suuren m��ntysahan tuotteiston arvoa. Lis��ksi tuli tarkastella jalostuksen integrointia sahan tuotantoprosessiin. Ty��n taustalla on toisaalta puutuotemarkkinoiden muuttuminen ja toisaalta raaka-aineen laadullinen huononeminen. Molemmat seikat vaikuttavat negatiivisesti perinteisen m��ntysahan kannattavuuteen .Jatkojalostuksen integroinnilla sahatavaraprosessiin saavutetaan s����st��j�� tuotantokustannuksissa, kun tarkastellaan koko prosessia tukista jatkojalosteeksi. My��s raaka-aineen tuottavuutta voidaan nostaa integraation avulla. Jatkojalostus voidaan integroida sahatavaraprosessiin raaka-aineen valikoinnilla sahatavaraprosessin eri osissa, on-line ���jalostuksella sek�� taloudellisesti. Sahatavaraprosessissa tapahtuva raaka-aineen valikointi voidaan suorittaa tukeista ja sahatavarasta. Valikointikriteerin�� voi olla puun ominaisuudet, sahatavaran mitat ja laatu. Valikointiin voidaan nykyteknologiasta hy��dynt���� r��ntgentekniikkaa sek�� konen��k����. On-line ���jalostus tarkoittaa kiinte��sti sahatavaraprosessiin liittyv���� jalostusta, jolloin ns. turhia prosessivaiheita j���� pois ja syntyy s����st��j��. On-line ���jalostuksen edellytys on raaka-aineen jonkin asteinen valikointi, esim. pituus. Taloudellisesti integroitu jalostus tarkoittaa, ett�� jalostuslaitoksella pyrit����n nollatulokseen ja jalostuksen lis��arvo palautetaan sahan toimittamaan raaka-aineen hintaan. T��llainen toiminta yhti��n sis��ll�� poistaa turhaa keskustelua raaka-aineen siirtohinnoista ja siten vapauttaa osaltaan resursseja tuottavampaan toimintaan. Erilaisten jatkojalostusmuotojen ja puun ominaisuuksien hy��dynt��misen seulonnan perusteella l��ytyi yksi jalostusmuoto, jolla voidaan kohottaa m��ntysahan tuotteiston arvoa. Ty��n tuloksena syntyi investointiehdotus aihiotankotuotannosta ikkunateollisuuden tarpeisiin. Raaka-aineen hy��dynnett��vi�� ominaisuuksia ovat m��nnyn syd��npuun luonnollinen kest��vyys sek�� keskim����r��inen oksav��li. Valikointi tehd����n v��litukeista, joiden sahaamisen kannattavuus on m��nnyn rungon osista heikoin. Aihiotankoprosessissa hy��dynnet����n konen��k���� ja sormijatkostekniikkaa. Jatkojalostuksen integrointi sahatavaraprosessiin toteutetaan rakentamalla on-line ���jalostuslaitos sek�� soveltamalla r��ntgentekniikkaa raaka-aineen valinnassa.

Decreasing Proportion of Recent Infections among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Cases in Switzerland, 2008 to 2013 Based on Line-Immunoassay-Based Algorithms.

BACKGROUND: HIV surveillance requires monitoring of new HIV diagnoses and differentiation of incident and older infections. In 2008, Switzerland implemented a system for monitoring incident HIV infections based on the results of a line immunoassay (Inno-Lia) mandatorily conducted for HIV confirmation and type differentiation (HIV-1, HIV-2) of all newly diagnosed patients. Based on this system, we assessed the proportion of incident HIV infection among newly diagnosed cases in Switzerland during 2008-2013. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inno-Lia antibody reaction patterns recorded in anonymous HIV notifications to the federal health authority were classified by 10 published algorithms into incident (up to 12 months) or older infections. Utilizing these data, annual incident infection estimates were obtained in two ways, (i) based on the diagnostic performance of the algorithms and utilizing the relationship 'incident = true incident + false incident', (ii) based on the window-periods of the algorithms and utilizing the relationship 'Prevalence = Incidence x Duration'. From 2008-2013, 3'851 HIV notifications were received. Adult HIV-1 infections amounted to 3'809 cases, and 3'636 of them (95.5%) contained Inno-Lia data. Incident infection totals calculated were similar for the performance- and window-based methods, amounting on average to 1'755 (95% confidence interval, 1588-1923) and 1'790 cases (95% CI, 1679-1900), respectively. More than half of these were among men who had sex with men. Both methods showed a continuous decline of annual incident infections 2008-2013, totaling -59.5% and -50.2%, respectively. The decline of incident infections continued even in 2012, when a 15% increase in HIV notifications had been observed. This increase was entirely due to older infections. Overall declines 2008-2013 were of similar extent among the major transmission groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inno-Lia based incident HIV-1 infection surveillance proved useful and reliable. It represents a free, additional public health benefit of the use of this relatively costly test for HIV confirmation and type differentiation.

Microstructure of the superior longitudinal fasciculus predicts stimulation-induced interference with on-line motor control.

A cortical visuomotor network, comprising the medial intraparietal sulcus (mIPS) and the dorsal premotor area (PMd), encodes the sensorimotor transformations required for the on-line control of reaching movements. How information is transmitted between these two regions and which pathways are involved, are less clear. Here, we use a multimodal approach combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate whether structural connectivity in the 'reaching' circuit is associated to variations in the ability to control and update a movement. We induced a transient disruption of the neural processes underlying on-line motor adjustments by applying 1Hz rTMS over the mIPS. After the stimulation protocol, participants globally showed a reduction of the number of corrective trajectories during a reaching task that included unexpected visual perturbations. A voxel-based analysis revealed that participants exhibiting higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the second branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II) suffered less rTMS-induced behavioral impact. These results indicate that the microstructural features of the white matter bundles within the parieto-frontal 'reaching' circuit play a prominent role when action reprogramming is interfered. Moreover, our study suggests that the structural alignment and cohesion of the white matter tracts might be used as a predictor to characterize the extent of motor impairments.

PROM-OPEN: PROMOTING OPEN SCIENCE IN AN ON-LINE E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Peer-reviewed

Identification of new transformation products during enzymatic treatment of tetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics at laboratory scale by an on-line turbulent flow liquid-chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer LTQ-Orbitrap

This work describes the formation of transformation products (TPs) by the enzymatic degradation at laboratory scale of two highly consumed antibiotics: tetracycline (Tc) and erythromycin (ERY). The analysis of the samples was carried out by a fast and simple method based on the novel configuration of the on-line turbulent flow system coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap ��� high resolution mass spectrometer. The method was optimized and validated for the complete analysis of ERY, Tc and their transformation products within 10 min without any other sample manipulation. Furthermore, the applicability of the on-line procedure was evaluated for 25 additional antibiotics, covering a wide range of chemical classes in different environmental waters with satisfactory quality parameters. Degradation rates obtained for Tc by laccase enzyme and ERY by EreB esterase enzyme without the presence of mediators were ���78% and ���50%, respectively. Concerning the identification of TPs, three suspected compounds for Tc and five of ERY have been proposed. In the case of Tc, the tentative molecular formulas with errors mass within 2 ppm have been based on the hypothesis of dehydroxylation, (bi)demethylation and oxidation of the rings A and C as major reactions. In contrast, the major TP detected for ERY has been identified as the ���dehydration ERY-A���, with the same molecular formula of its parent compound. In addition, the evaluation of the antibiotic activity of the samples along the enzymatic treatments showed a decrease around 100% in both cases

On-line life history calendar and sensitive topics : A pilot study

The use of the life history calendar (LHC) or the event history calendar as tools for collecting retrospective data has received increasing attention in many fields of social science and medicine. However, little research has examined the use of this method with web-based surveys. In this study, we adapted this method to an on-line setting to collect information about young adults' life histories, sexual behaviors, and substance use. We hypothesized that the LHC method would help respondents to date sensitive and non-sensitive events more precisely than when using a conventional questionnaire. We conducted an experimental design study comparing university students' responses to an on-line LHC and a conventional on-line question list. A test-retest design in which the respondents completed the survey again two weeks later was also applied to test the precision and reliability of the participants' dating of events. The results showed that whereas the numbers of sensitive and non-sensitive events were generally similar for the two on-line questionnaires, the responses obtained with the LHC were more consistent across the two administrations. Analyses of the respondents' on-line behavior while completing the LHC confirmed that respondents used the LHC's graphic interface to correct and reedit previous answers, thus decreasing data errors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Change points detection in crime-related time series: an on-line fuzzy approach based on a shape space representation

The extension of traditional data mining methods to time series has been effectively applied to a wide range of domains such as finance, econometrics, biology, security, and medicine. Many existing mining methods deal with the task of change points detection, but very few provide a flexible approach. Querying specific change points with linguistic variables is particularly useful in crime analysis, where intuitive, understandable, and appropriate detection of changes can significantly improve the allocation of resources for timely and concise operations. In this paper, we propose an on-line method for detecting and querying change points in crime-related time series with the use of a meaningful representation and a fuzzy inference system. Change points detection is based on a shape space representation, and linguistic terms describing geometric properties of the change points are used to express queries, offering the advantage of intuitiveness and flexibility. An empirical evaluation is first conducted on a crime data set to confirm the validity of the proposed method and then on a financial data set to test its general applicability. A comparison to a similar change-point detection algorithm and a sensitivity analysis are also conducted. Results show that the method is able to accurately detect change points at very low computational costs. More broadly, the detection of specific change points within time series of virtually any domain is made more intuitive and more understandable, even for experts not related to data mining.

On-line teaching and Copyright : Any Hopes for an EU Harmonized Playground?

Education never fails to be mentioned �� and, often, mentioned first �� as a public interest that justifies an exception to copyright. Educational purposes were already present in the first version of the Berne Convention of 18862 and have remained there (although in revised language) ever since. The WIPO Copyright Treaty of 19963 expressly referred to education in its Preamble, when ��Recognizing the need to maintain a balance between the rights of authors andthe larger public interest, particularly education, research and access to information, as reflected in the Berne Convention�� (emphasis added). And morerecently, the EU Directive on Copyright in the Information Society4 stressed its goal ��to promote learning and culture by protecting works and other subjectmatter while permitting exceptions or limitations in the public interest for the purpose of education and teaching�� (Recital 14, emphasis added).

La gesti��n de la reputaci��n on-line por parte de las compa����as hoteleras : El papel del community manager

Mi trabajo de disertaci��n se desarrolla en el contexto del Grado de Comunicaci��n de la UOC y la finalidad es establecer un marco te��rico actualizado sobre el concepto de reputaci��n on-line aplicable al sector hotelero. En este sentido entiendo necesario partir del an��lisis de tres hoteles de Palma de Mallorca para obtener un diagn��stico de reputaci��n y poderafirmar que existe una relaci��n entre su reputaci��n on-line y la obtenci��n de mayores ingresos. Por este motivo, llevar�� a cabo un estudio de caso comparativo con la herramienta de monitorizaci��n SocialVane del Hotel Gran Meli�� Victoria con sus competidores m��s directos.

Automated flow-injection method for cadmium determination with pre-concentration and reagent preparation on-line

The spectrophotometric determination of Cd(II) using a flow injection system provided with a solid-phase reactor for cadmium preconcentration and on-line reagent preparation, is described. It is based on the formation of a dithizone-Cd complex in basic medium. The calibration curve is linear between 6 and 300 µg L-1 Cd(II), with a detection limit of 5.4 µg L-1, an RSD of 3.7% (10 replicates in duplicate) and a sample frequency of 11.4 h-1. The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of Cd(II) in surface, well and drinking waters.