Caracterización del perfil nutricional de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio

Introducción: La desnutrición intrahospitalaria es variable en los estudios publicados. Tiene impacto en el curso tórpido de la enfermedad, en la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria y en los altos costos subsecuentes. No existen estudios realizados en Colombia en relación al estado nutricional del paciente pediátrico hospitalizado. Por este motivo se decidió caracterizar el perfil nutricional de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio transversal en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en un periodo entre Junio 2014 – Marzo 2015. Se realizó descripción de las variables y análisis univariado. Resultados: Se analizaron 320 pacientes: 50% niños y 50% niñas. Edad promedio: 4.6 años, predominio del grupo de los lactantes. Media de estancia hospitalaria: 4,6 días. Baja ingesta, ayuno, dolor de moderada intensidad y factor de estrés grado I fueron las variables más frecuentemente relacionadas con desnutrición. Al ingreso a hospitalización el 57.5 % se encontraron eutróficos, el 17.19% con desnutrición crónica, el 8.44% con desnutrición aguda y el 16.88% con aumento anormal de peso. Al egreso, los eutróficos disminuyeron a 56.25 %, la desnutrición crónica y el aumento anormal de peso se mantuvieron igual y la desnutrición aguda aumento al 10%. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio están en concordancia con los hallazgos descritos en la literatura. El mayor compromiso nutricional se asoció a patologías respiratorias y gastrointestinales y a mayor estancia hospitalaria.

IV thrombolysis and renal function

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of renal impairment on functional outcome and complications in stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS In this observational study, we compared the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with poor 3-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 3-6), death, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) based on the criteria of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II trial. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Patients without IVT treatment served as a comparison group. RESULTS Among 4,780 IVT-treated patients, 1,217 (25.5%) had a low GFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). A GFR decrease by 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) increased the risk of poor outcome (OR [95% CI]): (ORunadjusted 1.20 [1.17-1.24]; ORadjusted 1.05 [1.01-1.09]), death (ORunadjusted 1.33 [1.28-1.38]; ORadjusted 1.18 [1.11-1.249]), and sICH (ORunadjusted 1.15 [1.01-1.22]; ORadjusted 1.11 [1.04-1.20]). Low GFR was independently associated with poor 3-month outcome (ORadjusted 1.32 [1.10-1.58]), death (ORadjusted 1.73 [1.39-2.14]), and sICH (ORadjusted 1.64 [1.21-2.23]) compared with normal GFR (60-120 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Low GFR (ORadjusted 1.64 [1.21-2.23]) and stroke severity (ORadjusted 1.05 [1.03-1.07]) independently determined sICH. Compared with patients who did not receive IVT, treatment with IVT in patients with low GFR was associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.79 [1.41-2.25]), and with favorable outcome in those with normal GFR (ORadjusted 0.77 [0.63-0.94]). CONCLUSION Renal function significantly modified outcome and complication rates in IVT-treated stroke patients. Lower GFR might be a better risk indicator for sICH than age. A decrease of GFR by 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) seems to have a similar impact on the risk of death or sICH as a 1-point-higher NIH Stroke Scale score measuring stroke severity.

Modulation of the effectiveness of 17-alpha-hydroxy-20-beta-dihydroprogesterone or of a gonadotrophic extract on the in vitro intrafollicular maturation of oocytes of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdnerii by various non-maturing steroids [Translation from: Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Series D 281, 811-814, 1975]

The effectiveness of 17 α-hydroxy-20 β-dihydroprogesterone (17 α-20 β Pg) or of a trout hypophyseal gonadotrophic extract on the in vitro intrafollicular maturation of trout oocytes can be modulated by steroids which do not have a direct maturing effect; the effectiveness of the gonadotrophic extract is lowered by oestradiol and oestrone and increased by testosterone. As these steroids have no significant effect on maturation induced by 17 α-20 β Pg, the site of their activity is probably in the follicular envelopes. Corticosteroids, and Cortisol and cortisone in particular increase the effectiveness of the gonadotrophic extract, but increase the effectiveness of 17 α-20 β Pg even more strongly, suggesting that this 'progestagen' has a direct effect on oocyte sensitivity.

The duration of Chlamydia muridarum genital tract infection and associated chronic pathological changes are reduced in IL-17 knockout mice but protection is not increased further by immunization

IL-17 is believed to be important for protection against extracellular pathogens, where clearance is dependent on neutrophil recruitment and local activation of epithelial cell defences. However, the role of IL-17 in protection against intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia is less clear. We have compared (i) the course of natural genital tract C. muridarum infection, (ii) the development of oviduct pathology and (iii) the development of vaccine-induced immunity against infection in wild type (WT) BALB/c and IL-17 knockout mice (IL-17-/-) to determine if IL-17-mediated immunity is implicated in the development of infection-induced pathology and/or protection. Both the magnitude and duration of genital infection was significantly reduced in IL-17-/- mice compared to BALB/c. Similarly, hydrosalpinx was also greatly reduced in IL-17-/- mice and this correlated with reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration of oviduct tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and MMP2 were increased in WT oviducts compared to IL-17-/- animals at day 7 post-infection. In contrast, oviducts from IL-17-/- mice contained higher MMP9 and MMP2 at day 21. Infection also elicited higher levels of Chlamydia-neutralizing antibody in serum of IL-17-/- mice than WT mice. Following intranasal immunization with C. muridarum Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) and cholera toxin plus CpG adjuvants, significantly higher levels of chlamydial MOMP-specific IgG and IgA were found in serum and vaginal washes of IL-17-/- mice. T cell proliferation and IFNγ production by splenocytes was greater in WT animals following in vitro re-stimulation, however vaccination was only effective at reducing infection in WT, not IL-17-/- mice. Intranasal or transcutaneous immunization protected WT but not IL-17-/- mice against hydrosalpinx development. Our data show that in the absence of IL-17, the severity of C. muridarum genital infection and associated oviduct pathology are significantly attenuated, however neither infection or pathology can be reduced further by vaccination protocols that effectively protect WT mice.

加卸载响应比20年及其展望

地震孕育过程是一个非线性、不可逆的过程,震源区介质的加载响应不同于卸载响应,这种加载响应与卸载响应的差别可以定量地刻画地震的孕育过程。基于这个物理概念,提出了一个新的参数加卸载响应比,作为一类地震前兆,用来定量预测强震的发生。在本文中,首先简单回顾了加卸载响应比的发展历史,然后详细介绍了地震震例检验、数值计算、实验研究、地震预测精度、可信度等方面的内容,最后对加卸载响应比的前景进行了展望。

Infrared (1.2-1.6 mu m) luminescence in Yb, Cr : YAG with 940 nm diode pumping

Infrared (1.2-1.6 mum) luminescence in a yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal, co-doped with Yb (10 at.%) and Cr (0.05 at.%) ions, was investigated under CW laser diode pumping (lambda = 940 nm). The Cr4+ emission band was observed with its peak at 1.35 mum and measured to be about 6% with respect to Yb3+ IR luminescence (lambda = 1.03 mum). Analysis of the crystal absorption and luminescence spectra allows one to conclude that Yb3+-Cr4+ energy transfer is a mechanism responsible for the B-3(2)(T-3(2))-B-3(1)((3)A(2)) emission of Cr4+ ions. This crystal is promising as an efficient source of the near infrared emission. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Studies on lantern fish (Benthosema pterotum) 1. Biochemical and microbiological investigation

Lantern-fish, an under-utilised fish is present in abundance, all the year round in tropical and sub-tropical waters. Biochemical and microbiological studies carried out on lantern fish, caught from the Gulfs of Oman and Aden are reported in this paper.

小流域治理20年后的千烟洲植物多样性

研究了小流域治理20年后千烟洲植物α多样性和β多样性,结果如下:1)优势度:所有人工林乔、灌、草3层均以乔木层优势度最大,且乔木层优势度均大于天然次生林和枫香(Liquidambarformosana)林,而所有天然次生林及枫香林均以乔木层优势度最小。12种类型群落灌木层优势度都较小,均值仅0.17。草本层,白茅(Imperatacylindricavar.major)草丛和木(Loropetalumchinense)疏花雀麦(Bromusremotiflorus)灌丛优势度较大,分别为0.53和0.51。2)多样性:从乔、灌、草3层比较,枫香林、天然马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)林以乔木层最大,其它群落以灌木层最大,而所有人工林以乔木层最低。乔木层中枫香林最高(2.61);灌木层和草本层多样性存在相似之处:马尾松+湿地松(Pinuselliottii)林最高,除马尾松+山鸡椒(Litseacubeba)林、板栗(Castaneamollissima)+枫香林外,其它人工林多样性均高于天然次生林和枫香林。3)丰富度:各群落均以灌木层最大;枫香林乔木层和灌木层种类丰富度均很高,但草本层很低;天然次生林乔木层丰富度指数大于人工林。4)均匀度:从灌、草层比较,除木疏花雀麦灌丛和白茅草丛外,其它群落草本层均匀度均大于灌木层。乔木层,板栗+枫香林和马尾松+山鸡椒林均匀度指数很大,大于0.76,其它人工林均匀度小于天然次生林和枫香林。灌木层,除板栗+枫香林外,其它人工林均匀度都大于天然次生林和枫香林。5)β多样性与α多样性相互补充,很好地反映了不同群落类型之间的差异。β多样性将12种类型群落分成3大类,草丛、灌丛、具乔木层的群落,其中草丛与其它类型群落相异性最大。枫香林是位于人工林与天然次生林之间的过渡类型。

Synthesis and crystal structure of (1,3-(Bu2C5H3)-Bu-t)(2)Sm(mu-Cl)(2)Li(THF)(2)

Anhydrous SmCl3 reacts with two equal of Li(1-3-(Bu2C5H3)-Bu-t) to give a complex (1,3-(Bu2C5H3)-Bu-t)(2) Sm(mu -Cl)(2)Li(THF)(2) (C34H58Cl2LiO2Sm, M-r = 726.99), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 10.615(2), b = 21.037(4), c = 17.166(3) Angstrom, beta = 93.60(3)degrees, V = 3825.7 (13) Angstrom (3), Z = 4, D-c = 1.262 Mg/m(3), mu = 1.699 mm(-1) and F(000) = 1508, final R = 0.0387 and wR = 0.0741 for 5320 observed[I greater than or equal to2 sigma (I)] reflections. The average Sm - C distance is 2.73 Angstrom. Sm - Cl1 and Sm - Cl2 distances are 2.719 (2) and 2. 697 (2) Angstrom, respectively. Two 1, 3-(Bu2C5H3)-Bu-t-ring centroids and two mu (2)-bridging chloride atoms around Sm atom form a distorted tetrahedron.

Optimal glycaemic control, pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes and Pre-Eclampsia Intervention Trial

OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between glycemic control, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Pregnancy outcome (pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) was assessed prospectively in 749 women from the randomized controlled Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT). HbA1c (A1C) values were available up to 6 months before pregnancy (n = 542), at the first antenatal visit (median 9 weeks) (n = 721), at 26 weeks’ gestation (n = 592), and at 34 weeks’ gestation (n = 519) and were categorized as optimal (<6.1%: referent), good (6.1–6.9%), moderate (7.0–7.9%), and poor (=8.0%) glycemic control, respectively.

RESULTS
Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension developed in 17 and 11% of pregnancies, respectively. Women who developed pre-eclampsia had significantly higher A1C values before and during pregnancy compared with women who did not develop pre-eclampsia (P < 0.05, respectively). In early pregnancy, A1C =8.0% was associated with a significantly increased risk of pre-eclampsia (odds ratio 3.68 [95% CI 1.17–11.6]) compared with optimal control. At 26 weeks’ gestation, A1C values =6.1% (good: 2.09 [1.03–4.21]; moderate: 3.20 [1.47–7.00]; and poor: 3.81 [1.30–11.1]) and at 34 weeks’ gestation A1C values =7.0% (moderate: 3.27 [1.31–8.20] and poor: 8.01 [2.04–31.5]) significantly increased the risk of pre-eclampsia compared with optimal control. The adjusted odds ratios for pre-eclampsia for each 1% decrement in A1C before pregnancy, at the first antenatal visit, at 26 weeks’ gestation, and at 34 weeks’ gestation were 0.88 (0.75–1.03), 0.75 (0.64–0.88), 0.57 (0.42–0.78), and 0.47 (0.31–0.70), respectively. Glycemic control was not significantly associated with gestational hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
Women who developed pre-eclampsia had significantly higher A1C values before and during pregnancy. These data suggest that optimal glycemic control both early and throughout pregnancy may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.

The impact of testosterone, tibolone and black cohosh on purified mammary and placental 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1

Abstract Context: Mammary and placental 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17βHSD1). Objective: To assess the impact of testosterone, tibolone, and black cohosh on purified mammary and placental 17βHSD1. Materials and methods: 17βHSD1 was purified from human mammary gland and placenta by column chromatography, its activity was monitored by a radioactive activity assay, and the degree of purification was determined by gel electrophoresis. Photometric cofactor transformation analysis was performed to assess 17βHSD1 activity without or in presence of testosterone, tibolone and black cohosh. Results: 17βHSD1 from both sources displayed a comparable basal activity. Testosterone and tibolone metabolites inhibited purified mammary and placental 17βHSD1 activity to a different extent, whereas black cohosh had no impact. Discussion: Studies on purified enzymes reveal the individual action of drugs on local regulatory mechanisms thus helping to develop more targeted therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: Testosterone, tibolone and black cohosh display a beneficial effect on local mammary estrogen metabolism by not affecting or decreasing local estradiol exposure.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 622 - Unterlagen zu einführenden Vorlesungen (p. VIII 41,1-2-VIII 41b)

"Problem der neueren Philosophie", Vorlesung Wintersemester 1950/51 und Sommersemester 1951, 1) Heft, 78 Blatt und 20 zusätzliche Blätter, eigenhändige Notizen (GS 14, S. 145, 151-152), 2) Friedrich Pollock: Notizen zur Volesung Max Horkheimers, Wintersemester 1950/51), eigenhändige Notizen, 9 Blatt; "Philosophie im 17. Jahrhundert (insbes. Spinoza)", Vorlesung Winteremester 1951/52, 1) Heft 1, 17 Blatt und 2 zusätzliche Blätter, eigenhändige Notizen, 2) Heft 2, 46 Blatt, davon 3 leer, und 15 zusätzliche Blätter, eigenhändige Notizen; "Philosophie im 18. Jahrhundert", Vorlesung Sommersemester 1952, 1 Heft mit eigenhändigen Notizen, 64 Blatt, davon 30 leer, und 44 zusätzliche Blätter;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 702 - Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestalltung Nachkriegsdeutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung (p. IX 172.15-16 - IX 172.27)

15. Neumann, Franz L.: "Supplement to Dr. A.R.L. Gurland's report on 'Fight against Antisemitism within the framework of Germany. Education for Democracy'" 21.11.1947. Typoskript, 9 Blatt; 16. Über Erziehung zur Demokratie in Deutschand. [= Gurland, A.R.L.: "Fight against Antisemitism within the framework of Germany. Education for Democracy"? vgl. 15.], Typoskript, mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 20 Blatt; 17. Havinghurst, Robert J.: "Report on Germany" November 1947. Als Typsokript vervielfältigt, 133 Blatt; 18. Pollock, Friedrich: "Meeting of Friedrich Pollock, Theodor W. Adorno with Dr. Eric Mann and Major Schaeffer, on December 13, 1947". Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt und Mann, Eric: 1 eigenhändiger Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Los Angeles, 17.12.1947; 19. Speier, Hans: 1 Brief an Samuel H. Flowermann, ohne Ort, 21.11.1947, Typoskript, 5 Blatt; 20. Horkheimer, Max: Memorandum für John Slawson: "Subject: Germany", 24.06.1947; a) Typoskript, 3 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 3 Blatt; 21. Bernstein, David: "Memorandum, Subject: American Jewish Committee Mission to Germany", 23.12.1947. Als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 3 Blatt; 22. Bernstein, David: "Memorandum, Subject: Germany", 26.05.1947; a) Typoskript, 8 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 8 Blatt; 23. Bernstein, David: Entwurf des Inhalts einer Untersuchung über Antisemitismus im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Typoskript, englisch, 3 Blatt; Shuster, Zachariah und Bernstein, David: "Memorandum" für John Slawson. Zum Verhältnis von Juden, amerikanischer Besatzung und deutscher Bevölkerung, 30.05.1947. Typoskirpt, 5 Blatt; 25. "Notes on a Proposed Study of the Effects of Facism on the German Character Structure", 03.12.1945. Typoskript, 4 Blatt; 26. "Notes on Post-War Reconstruction in Europ", 20.04.1945. Typoskript, 6 Blatt; 27. Institut of Social Research: "Memorandum on the Elimination of German Chauvinism", August 1942. Typoskript, 42 Blatt;