997 resultados para Estudantes universitários Filosofia
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O presente estudo teve como objectivo conhecer e caracterizar as Representaes Sociais do consumo de lcool e drogas em estudantes dos cursos de Direito e Psicologia, na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratrio, que adopta uma abordagem quantitativa, realizado com uma amostra com 99 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos, com idade compreendida entre 18 e 48 anos, do 1 e do 4 ano dos cursos de Direito e Psicologia, que responderam a uma Escala de Representaes Sociais sobre o consumo de lcool e drogas e a um questionrio sobre dados pessoais.Aps a recolha de dados, foram realizadas anlises estatsticas de tipo descritivo, correlacional e inferencial, utilizando-se o programa estatstico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science), verso 20.0. Os resultados indicaram ser pouco provvel que exista uma relao segura (ou melhor, com significncia estatstica) entre as variveis sexo, curso e ano escolar de um lado, e as representaes sociais no total da escala, de outro. Entretanto, encontramos evidncias de uma associao estatisticamente significativa entre a frequncia do consumo de lcool e o total da ERS, e de uma associao estatstica e altamente significativa entre a frequncia do consumo de lcool e a componente Atitudes. Constatmos, outrossim, diferenas estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos a nvel da subescala atitudes, sendo que o sexo masculino apresenta atitudes mais favorveis e permissivas face ao consumo de lcool e drogas, comparativamente ao sexo feminino.
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O presente estudo prope-se verificar a influncia das Atitudes e da Ansiedade Face Morte na Imortalidade Simblica em estudantes universitários. Procura igualmente perceber quais as relaes entre as diferentes variveis. Com este propsito, foram aplicadas as verses portuguesas do Death Attitude Profile Revised (DAP-R; Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994), da Death Anxiety Scale (DAS; Templer, 1970) e da The Sense of Symbolic Immortality Scale (SSIS; Drolet, 1990), juntamente com um Questionrio de dados sociodemogrficos. Participaram no estudo 310 estudantes universitários de 1 e 2 ciclo, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 56 anos. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes obtm valores superiores de aceitao neutra e inferiores de aceitao de escape. Relativamente idade os indivduos mais velhos apresentam valores superiores de medo e de evitamento da morte, assim como valores inferiores de desejo de imortalidade simblica. Os homens apresentam resultados mais elevados de aceitao neutra, de escape, de ansiedade face morte e de desejo de imortalidade simblica. Constata-se que as atitudes negativas perante a morte e a imortalidade simblica se correlacionam negativamente com a ansiedade. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a tese de que existe influncia das atitudes e da ansiedade no desejo de imortalidade simblica.
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Este estudo caracteriza os processos de explorao vocacional e de ajustamento acadmico, e os traos de personalidade de estudantes universitários a frequentar o ISLA Leiria. A amostra inclui 115 estudantes, de ambos os sexos (62,6%) mulheres e (37,4%) homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 61 anos, a frequentar o 1 Ciclo do Ensino Superior, no ano letivo de 2010/2011. As medidas aplicadas foram o Career Exploration Survey (CES, Stumpf et al., 1983, verso adaptada por Taveira, 1997), o Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (AAQ; Lent et al., 2005; verso adaptada por Lent & Taveira, 2004) e o Inventrio de Personalidade Neo - Revisto (NEOPI-R; Costa & Crae, 1992; verso adaptada por Lima, 1997). Os resultados indicam que a explorao vocacional dos alunos est ativada, ao nvel das suas crenas, comportamentos, e reaes explorao, e que estes se encontram envolvidos em objetivos de trabalho. Verificou-se que no existem diferenas estatisticamente significativas nos processos de explorao vocacional em funo do sexo dos participantes e em funo dos anos que frequentam. Em termos de personalidade os resultados apresentam um nvel de Neuroticismo moderado, assim como uma Abertura Experiencia moderada tambm. A Conscienciosidade, a Extroverso e a Amabilidade revelam nveis mais positivos. No so verificados nveis significantes de diferena em funo do sexo de pertena ou do anos que frequentam. Relativamente ao Ajustamento Acadmico o dado mais relevante a fraca autoeficcia para ultrapassar obstculos. Aqui tambm no so registadas alteraes em funo do sexo de pertena ou do ano que frequentam.
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Dissertao apresentada ao Programa de Ps-graduao em Administrao da Universidade Municipal de So Caetano do Sul para a obteno do ttulo de Mestre em Administrao
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Trata da verificao de como a Internet utilizada no processo de compra de livros por estudantes de ps-graduao da Escola de Administrao de Empresas da Fundao Getlio Vargas em So Paulo, buscando identificar similaridades e diferenas no comportamento dos entrevistados em relao utilizao da Internet nas 5 fases do processo de compra de livros e a variveis demogrficas, perceptivas, comportamentais e motivacionais que possam influenciar no processo. Os resultados apontam que variveis como a renda familiar mdia mensal, as finalidades de utilizao da Internet, o comportamento de pesquisa e compra de livros parecem apresentar uma relao com a utilizao da Internet para a compra de livros
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Fez-se um estudo sobre stress e ansiedade com alunos do ensino superior. O objectivo foi diminuir estes factores atravs da tcnica Terapia por Reestruturao Vivencial e Cognitiva (TRVC) que consiste na induo do Estado Modificado de Conscincia (EMC) atravs das tcnicas de relaxamento e hipnose. O EMC facilita o acesso s memrias inconscientes. Procurou-se fazer a ligao do stress e ansiedade com os eventos traumticos que esto na sua origem. A interveno foi composta por duas TRVC; a amostra foi constituda por estudantes universitários portugueses da Universidade da Madeira (um grupo de 13 participantes, 10 femininos e 3 masculinos, com idades compreendidas entre 19 e 39 anos). No final da interveno observaram-se mudanas positivas na maioria dos participantes.
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On the beginnings of the XXI century the brazilian universities was claimed by the Government and by the society to rebuild your ways of selecting students. Many questions are behind this theme, that goes since the concernings of the higher education institutions about select and graduate students, and now also students from disadvantaged sectors of the society; but also about personal issues, like concerns of the everyday of millions of youngs that integrates the brazilian society and that need to decide about your professional future after the finish of the Basic Education. The present thesis has as objective analyse the processes of the transition between the Basic Education and Higher Education on the point of view of students that achieved a place on the public university. This study was accomplished on the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte [UFRN on the original language], that implemented an Access and Social Inclusion Policy (PAIS [on the original language]) on the year of 2003, and since than a series of social actions had been developed. Among the main, we highlight the Inclusion Score action, an adicional score [on the entrance selection exam] for graduated students from public schools, which considers social and economic criteria and the academic development of these candidates on your Basic Education. Through quizzes and interviews with the graduated university students from public network, we could know the social, economic and academic profile of the students that entered on the UFRN by the time of the development of your PAIS, your schools and university trajectories, revealing some of the dilemmas, strategies, difficulties and personal cost of those that try to remain on the educational system besides the adversity conditions of schooling. For the theory foundation, we use authors like Bourdieu (1992, 1996, 2003); Coulon (1993, 2008); Ramalho (2004, 2007, 2008, 2010); Ramalho, et al (2011); Charlot (2001, 2003, 2005); Zago (2011); Nogueira, Romanelli e Zago (2011), among others, that contributed for a better analysis and understanding of thought and actions of the students in your own formative trajectories. Although we know that the educational inequalities are many, we found that the UFRN policy brought and is bringing many significant results, on the perspective of contribute with the increase of access for graduated students from the public network, and with the inclusion of these on the university
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L accs et la permanence des tudiants l universit sont trs prsents dans les dbats actuels relatifs l'enseignement suprieur. De nombreuses mesures sont prises dans les politiques d'accs dans le but de rduire les ingalits et d'encourager les tudiants ayant moins de chances d'entrer dans l'enseignement suprieur, comme les tudiants issus de l'enseignement public, qui ont encore un niveau infrieur celui souhait. Lorsque ces lves russissent terminer leurs tudes secondaires, passer l'examen d'entre et russir leur entre dans l'enseignement suprieur ils se considrent comme victorieux . Cette tude (pour le Master de l UFRN), dveloppe au sein du groupe de recherche de la formation et professionnalisation des enseignants (PPGed / UFRN), vise tudier la trajectoire des lves issus des coles publiques qui accdent une universit publique. Nous avons interview 12 tudiants, six de l'Universit fdrale de Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) et 6 de l'Universit d'tat de Bahia (UNEB) inscrits diffrents cours du premier cycle (Licence). Nous cherchons savoir comment s est droul leurs parcours au sein de l'Universit, notamment en ce qui concerne la prparation aux examens d'entre l universit (Vestibular) , la motivation du choix de cours, la premire anne l'universit, les habitudes d'tude, la relation avec l'apprentissage et les perspectives quant l'avenir des lves interrogs. Nous nous sommes rfrs aux travaux mens par Zago (2006), Ramalho (2003), Charlot (1997), Galland et Gruel (2009), Coulon (2008), Tinto (1993), Doray et l'quipe canadienne du CIRST (2009). L'entre l'universit comporte un triple processus, institutionnel (formelles et informelles), intellectuel (composantes cognitives et acadmiques) et social (vie sociale au sein de l'universit). L'tudiant entre l'universit et y trouve une nouvelle culture, de nouvelles connaissances et devra apprendre tre universitaire. Apprendre surmonter le moment de l tranget et bien passer par le processus de l'apprentissage des rgles, des codes de son nouveau statut et s accommoder de sa position d tudiant l'universit, arrive enfin, le temps d'affiliation, c'est dire, le moment de l'admission o l'tudiant se sent comme un vtran, et qu il peut dire que les dangers de l'abandon sont passs et qu il pourra continuer son parcours avec succs. Cette tude vise apporter des connaissances nouvelles sur les tudiants issus des coles publiques, comme contribution au domaine des politiques d'accs et de permanence l universit et de soutien pdagogique au sein de cette institution
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This study aimed to compare self-medication and domestic drug storage among undergraduate students in the areas of health and technology. This is a descriptive study of cross-sectional type and quantitative approach, conducted in a Public University of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample consisted of 300 students of the third year of undergraduate courses at the Center for Health Sciences and Technology Center, selected through a simple random sample. The project was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE 0137.0.051.000-10). Data collection lasted twelve months and was conducted during the period of study participants, in the university environment. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and applied Fisher s exact test and Chi-square test with adopted level of significance α=5% and 10%. For the variables that correlated with self-medication (p<0.05), we subsequently calculated the odds ratios and confidence intervals. The prevalence of undergraduate students who performed self-medication in the 15 days prior to the collection accounted for 33.7% and, by analyzing each knowledge area, we verified was a higher prevalence of self-medication among students in the technological area (37.3%). The analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in this practice revealed a significant difference between the knowledge areas in the income and self-medication variables (p=0.005). General analgesics and antipyretics (N02) represent the therapy group most used in self-medication (57.4%), especially acetaminophen (28.7%), and the main health situations that motivated this practice related to pain, especially headaches (48.5%). Regarding the indication of the drugs used, the majority of students self-medicated themselves on their own (71.3%). As regards to the in-home drug storage, most of the participants had a home pharmacy (88%). By analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics, the variables medical service and home medicine presented a significant difference (p=0.002). General 10 analgesics and antipyretics constituted the medicinal products most found in the home pharmacies, especially acetaminophen. The main room used for the drug storage was the kitchen (36.4%), most students kept these products in boxes of different materials (38.6%) and the medicines stored at home of most of the participants were not easily accessible to children (75%). The results reinforce the need to develop strategies, from the reality found, aiming to encourage and implement educational and preventive activities with undergraduate students on the importance of proper self-medication and in-home drug storage. Despite the sample in our study is relatively small, not representative for the whole country, we believe that, at national level, the panorama of the subject does not present major differences
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Men and women express different preferences for ideal romantic partners. These preferences seem to vary with the level of involvement and commitment expected for the relationship and the perceptions people have about themselves. The current work was developed to expand the findings related to this subject, investigating the market perception of romantic relationships and the effect of context on self-assessment and preferences for romantic partners. For this purpose, 753 undergraduate, Brazilian and American, were enrolled between March 2010 and November 2012 and took part in at least one of the four studies that compose this research, performing the assessment of specific stimulus-subject descriptions. Studies one and two addressed Brazilian and American samples to respectively describe female and male expectations on human mating market. It was observed that individuals from both the genders expect positive assortative mating within couples, that each trait is not evaluated independently, and, in addition to biological predispositions, factors as environmental local constrains and cultural values may also affect mating expectations. The contrasts between the samples showed that Americans valued physical-attractiveness and social-status in describing the same-gender subjects and their expected partners, while Brazilians valued social-skills. Another expectation was also identified for both genders: physically attractive women and men of high-status were expected to be paired to each other. Study three addressed males and females expectations regarding which characteristics are most relevant in ensuring desirable partnerships for same-gender individuals. The results showed that men and women can be grouped together by having similar expectations. However, the group mainly composed of men considered status characteristics as the most important attributes, while the groups mostly composed of women indicated that social skills or physical characteristics as the most important in appealing to a desirable partner. Finally, study four investigated the effect of social comparison on self-perception and mate preferences, revealing that individuals were aware of the attributes valued by the opposite-gender and that self-perception was affected by the attributes of other people. In sum, this work evidenced that romantic relationships can be interpreted as a biological market and that the value of the attributes in the romantic mating marketplace are associated with reproductive relevance of the characteristics.
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Several studies have found different patterns of preferences to men and women for short term and long term relationship romantic partners. It is known that the preferences vary with the sex of individuals, the expected involvement level of the relationship and according to the perceptions that subjects have about themselves. In the present study, we investigate whether the preferences typically founded for sexes are also founded between Brazilian undergraduate students. We also investigated if the individuals choose partners in accord of the sex preferences and if the ideal preferences are really expressed in real choices. For these investigations, 370 undergraduate students described profiles of an ideal partner for a short-term and a long-term relationship, through the joint evaluation of nine characteristics. Each ideal s profile has been described over three simulations, in which the amount of points available to be invested were limited and gradually reduced. After the descriptions of these profiles, the participants described the current or previous partner (if they were not in a relationship) and performed a self-assessment with the same characteristics used in the description of preferences. Overall, the results obtained in several countries were observed in Brazil. For short-term relationships men prioritize physical attributes and women value physical and personal attributes. For long-term, personal traits gained in importance on masculine preferences and women emphasized personal traits and the partner disposition to acquire resources. We also identified similar preferences profiles for both sexes and that the romantic preferences reflect similarities with the own individual s characteristics, in addition to the typical sexual preferences expected for the Parental Investment Theory. When evaluated their real partners, men considerate them more physically attractive than themselves but less intelligent, good humorous and ambi tion/willing to work. Women, in turn, described their partners as good as them. Finally, we observed equivalence between characteristics of the subjects and those of its partners, this effect being more pronounced among men. The last partners were described only as less sincere. The interpretation of the most part of our results was possible from evolutionist s and socio-cultural s explanations and was discussed under the two perspectives. We conclude this study stressing that the traditional romantic preferences occur in Brazil and that the sex, the kind of relationship and the vision that people have about their own characteristics affect the preferences, which are expressed in the real partner choices
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The sleep patterns of students entering the university, is accompanied by many factors that can lead to changes in sleep habits, such as academic demands, new social opportunities, reduced parental care and irregular teaching schedules. The irregular pattern of sleep-wake cycle is usually accompanied by several daytime consequences, for example, reduced levels of motivation, performance, concentration, alertness and mood as well as increased fatigue and sleepiness.Thus, there are numerous reasons to support the fact that these students may suffer damage in their academic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and cognition in medical students with different schemes teaching schedules. One group started classes at 08am, while the other started at 07am. We analyzed the data from 88 volunteers, 39 from each group. However, only those who participated in both stages of the study (n = 78) underwent cognitive testing. For subjective evaluation of the SWC was used questionnaires to check the quality of sleep, chronotype, daytime sleepiness and sleep habits. For objective evaluation was used actigraphy. For cognitive assessment was used the test MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The results indicate that the group has class earlier had a greater irregularity of the SWC and a worse performance in cognitive testing. There was a difference between the schedules the week and weekend in the subjective variables, bedtime, wake up and sleep duration in both groups. The objective variables, time in bed showed difference between the schedules the week and weekend to the group started class at 08am and the variables bedtime, get up time, actual sleep time, time in bed and wake bouts in the class at 07am. In the cognitive test, there were differences between the groups in overall score and in the areas of executive function and memory recall. Thus, it is suggested that the class starting time may cause irregularity of the SWC and the irregularity may cause mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, cognitive testing MoCA was sensitive to detect differences among students, although the difference between the schedules is small
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The human being has a fundamental role in issues concerning scarcity of energy resources as well as in the success of technologies which favor the use of renewable sources, such as wind energy. But what does wind energy mean for people? What are the psychological meanings concerning this term? Aiming to answer these questions, the general objective of this dissertation was to identify and to analyze the knowledge about wind energy taking into account a network of psychological meanings. One hundred and ninety one (191) university students from Natal-RN participated in the study, being male the majority (53%); aged between 17 and 51 years old (M=23.3 years; SD=5.7). Participants responded to self reports using the Natural Semantic Networks (NSW) technique, as well as to several sociodemographic questions. The results showed a consistent, positive and useful general semantic network. In this semantic network, knowledge about wind energy was represented by words that correspond to the appeal of (pro) environmental stance (e.g., clean and nature), that evinced both the technological aspect (e.g., force) and the economic aspect (e.g., economy). Results from different groups were also analyzed. The first set of groups (non-environemental and environmental) was divided considering the course (e.g., ecology and economy). The second set of groups(non-caretaker and caretaker) was divided based on the practice of environmental care expressed. Subtle differences were observed in the semantic networks of caretakers, who emphasized environment, an attribute not mentioned by non-caretakes. This indicates a construction of knowledge that is influenced by the presence or absence of the environmental commitment. Such findings may be useful in the construction of instruments for surveys and in the development of public and educational policies. Additionally, they may assist the media towards a more objective performance concerning wind energy
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INTRODUO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalncia do uso de drogas por estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp, comparada com outras oito escolas mdicas paulistas (uso na vida, nos ltimos 12 meses e nos ltimos 30 dias). A pesquisa foi realizada entre 1994 e 1995, com 5.227 estudantes do 1o ao 6o ano de graduao. MATERIAL E MTODO: Foi usado um questionrio de auto-respostas, annimo, incluindo o questionrio da Organizao Mundial da Sade para levantamento de uso de drogas e lcool. Setenta e um por cento (3.725) dos alunos responderam ao mesmo, e destes, 421 eram de Botucatu. RESULTADOS: No houve diferenas estatisticamente significantes entre escolas e, nos 30 dias anteriores ao preenchimento do questionrio, a prevalncia do uso de drogas para os estudantes de Botucatu foi a seguinte, com a variao entre outras escolas mostrada entre parnteses: lcool 50% (42-50%); tabaco 7% (7-13%); solventes 8% (7-12%); maconha 6% (6-16%); benzodiazepnicos (BZD) 3% (2-9%); cocana 0,5% (0,2-4%); anfetaminas 1 % (0-1%). Embora tenha se encontrado um uso crescente de todas as drogas do 1o ao 6o ano, e em especial os BZD, os estudantes no aprovam este uso. A anlise de regresso logstica indicou que o uso de lcool e drogas foi favorecido por: a) ser homem; b) perder aulas sem razo e referir ou ter muito tempo livre nos finais de semana; e c) ter uma atitude favorvel em relao ao uso de lcool e drogas. Diferentemente de outras escolas, na Unesp no houve diferenas estatisticamente significantes de gnero em relao ao uso de tranqilizantes. No entanto, as mulheres iniciam uso mais precocemente e o fazem mais freqentemente. Tambm as mulheres j faziam uso de maconha antes de entrar para a faculdade (30% mulheres X 10% homens), o contrrio ocorrendo com solventes (50% homens X 2% mulheres), sendo essas diferenas estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSES: Embora a pesquisa tenha focalizado o uso (no abuso ou dependncia), os resultados sugerem a necessidade de as universidades estabelecerem uma poltica clara de orientao sobre uso de drogas e lcool para os estudantes, incluindo mudanas curriculares e programas de preveno.
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OBJETIVO: Realizar a adaptao transcultural da verso em portugus do Inventrio de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes e investigar sua confiabilidade, validade e invarincia transcultural. MTODOS: A validao de face envolveu participao de equipe multidisciplinar. Foi realizada validao de contedo. A verso em portugus foi preenchida em 2009, pela internet, por 958 estudantes universitários brasileiros e 556 portugueses da zona urbana. Realizou-se anlise fatorial confirmatria utilizando-se como ndices de ajustamento o /df, o comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI) e o root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Para verificao da estabilidade da soluo fatorial conforme a verso original em ingls, realizou-se validao cruzada em 2/3 da amostra total e replicada no 1/3 restante. A validade convergente foi estimada pela varincia extrada mdia e confiabilidade composta. Avaliou-se a validade discriminante e a consistncia interna foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A validade concorrente foi estimada por anlise correlacional da verso em portugus e dos escores mdios do Inventrio de Burnout de Copenhague; a divergente foi comparada Escala de Depresso de Beck. Foi avaliada a invarincia do modelo entre a amostra brasileira e a portuguesa. RESULTADOS: O modelo trifatorial de Exausto, Descrena e Eficcia apresentou ajustamento adequado (/df = 8,498; CFI = 0,916; GFI = 0,902; RMSEA = 0,086). A estrutura fatorial foi estvel (: dif = 11,383, p = 0,50; Cov: dif = 6,479, p = 0,372; Resduos: dif = 21,514, p = 0,121). Observou-se adequada validade convergente (VEM = 0,45;0,64, CC = 0,82;0,88), discriminante ( = 0,06;0,33) e consistncia interna ( = 0,83;0,88). A validade concorrente da verso em portugus com o Inventrio de Copenhague foi adequada (r = 0,21;0,74). A avaliao da validade divergente do instrumento foi prejudicada pela aproximao do conceito terico das dimenses Exausto e Descrena da verso em portugus com a Escala de Beck. No se observou invarincia do instrumento entre as amostras brasileiras e portuguesas (:dif = 84,768, p < 0,001; Cov: dif = 129,206, p < 0,001; Resduos: dif = 518,760, p < 0,001). CONCLUSES: A verso em portugus do Inventrio de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes apresentou adequada confiabilidade e validade, mas sua estrutura fatorial no foi invariante entre os pases, apontando ausncia de estabilidade transcultural.