Gesti??n de la convivencia y profesores contra corriente

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Marco conceptual del derecho humano a la salud: propuesta para Venezuela desde la perspectiva crítica de los derechos humanos y la corriente contrahegemónica latinoamericana de salud colectiva y epidemiología crítica

Este ejercicio de repensar el derecho humano a la salud en clave transformadora tiene como propósito avanzar en la definición de un lenguaje del derecho que no sólo resulte políticamente correcto, sino que posibilite el desarrollo de acciones judiciales, legislativas y políticas (sociales, económicas, culturales y ambientales) en torno a la salud también políticamente correctas. El enfoque basado en los derechos humanos tiene como basamento el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos constituido en marco referencial de la promoción, prevención y protección de los derechos. Los instrumentos internacionales universales y regionales vinculantes y no vinculantes, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina hacen parte de esta matriz referencial globalizada y legitimada. La teoría crítica de los derechos humanos, uno de los referentes teóricos de este trabajo de investigación, cuestiona no sólo el carácter abstracto de las normas también el sistema de valores en que se basa su desarrollo. La idea de definir y desarrollar el derecho humano a la salud en términos más reales, más “humanos” y comprometidos con la opción transformadora de realidades sociales constitutivas de la violación sistemática de este derecho hace parte del propósito de la tesis. El marco conceptual que aquí se propone tiene en el enfoque de la determinación social de la salud, desarrollado por la corriente crontrahegemónica latinoamericana de Salud Colectiva y la Epidemiología Crítica, otro referente clave para el desarrollo del derecho humano a la salud ya no sólo como un derecho social fundamental, también como un derecho socialmente determinado. Ello implica que el derecho de acceso a bienes, servicios y sistemas de salud supone también el acceso a condiciones de vida humana y natural saludable. La determinación social en clave interpretativa del derecho humano a la salud explica el poder determinante individual en relación con el poder determinante colectivo de la salud en varias dimensiones que dan cuenta de la interacción que hay entre las condiciones biológicas, los estilos de vida, las condiciones y modos sociales y, los procesos generales sociales y productivos que impactan la vida y la salud de las personas y de la naturaleza también. En otras palabras, impactan las condiciones en que se ejerce el derecho humano a la salud. La extensión del contenido y alcance en relación con las obligaciones del derecho, con base en el enfoque de la determinación social de la salud, se constituye además en oportunidad para el desarrollo de marcos más efectivos en prevenir, garantizar, respetar y proteger el derecho humano a la salud. La metodología de la investigación es de carácter cualitativo con apoyo en fuentes documentales, referencia bibliográfica, instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos y marco constitucional venezolano, doctrina y jurisprudencia del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos.

Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

Worldwide marine protected areas (MPAs) have been designated to protect marine resources, including top predators such as seabirds. There is no conclusive information on whether protected areas can improve population trends of seabirds when these are further exploited as tourist attractions, an activity that has increased in past decades. Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and Magellanic Penguins (S. magellanicus) breed sympatrically on Puñihuil Islets, two small coastal islands off the west coast of Chiloé Island (41° S) in southern Chile that are subject to exploitation for tourism. Our goal was to compare the population size of the mixed colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins before and after protection from unregulated tourism and freely roaming goats in 1997. For this purpose, two censuses were conducted in 2004 and 2008, and the numbers compared with those obtained in 1997 by other authors. The proportion of occupied, unoccupied, and collapsed/flooded burrows changed between years; there were 68% and 34% fewer collapsed burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. For the total number of burrows of both species, we counted 48% and 63% more burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. We counted 13% more burrows of Humboldt Penguins in 2008 than in 1997, and for Magellanic Penguins, we estimated a 64% increase in burrows in 2008. Presumably, this was as a result of habitat improvement attributable to the exclusion of tourists and the removal of goats from the islets. Although tourist visits to the islets are prohibited, tourism activities around the colonies are prevalent and need to be taken into account to promote appropriate management.

‘These changes and accessions of knowledge’: translation, scientific travel writing and modernity - Alexander von Humboldt's Personal Narrative

A second English translation of Alexander von Humboldt's account of travel to South America, the Relation historique (1814–25), was published between 1852 and 1853. Appearing some 30 years after the first seven-volume translation (1814–29) by Helen Maria Williams, this second rendering of the Personal Narrative by Thomasina Ross was an abridged version that aimed to make Humboldt's travelogue more relevant to the mid-century reader. This translation has largely been overlooked by Humboldt scholars, despite it being a far more affordable, accessible and popular edition. I discuss here how Ross's revisions can be understood within a larger process of rereading and revision that responded to critics’ assessments of the first translation. Emphasising the status of the Personal Narrative as a text in flux, I assess how Ross modernised it to meet the demands of a new readership, recasting the image that Humboldt had constructed of himself as a travelling scientist, scientific writer and member of the international scientific community.

Cytogenetic characterization of the silverside fish Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1833) (Teleostei: Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) from Iquique, Chile

This paper describes the karyotype of Odontesthes regia by means of Giemsa staining, C-banding, to reveal the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin, and by Ag-staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), to locate ribosomal genes (rDNA). The chromosome diploid modal count in the species was 2n = 48. The karyotype is composed of one submetacentric pair (pair 1), 16 subtelocentric pairs (pairs 2 to 17), and 7 acrocentric pairs (pairs 18 to 24). With the exception of pair 1 it was not possible to classify the homologous chromosomes accurately because differences in chromosome size were too slight between adjacent pairs. The distribution of C-banded heterochromatin allowed for a more accurate matching of the majority of chromosomes of the subtelocentric series. Silver staining of metaphase spreads allowed for the identification of Nucleolus Organizer Regions (Ag-NOR) on pair 1. FISH experiments showed that 18S rDNA sequences were located, as expected, in the same chromosome pair identified as the Ag-NOR-bearing one.

Padrão de atividades, ecologia alimentar e área de vida em um grupo de Callithrix penicillata (Humboldt, 1812)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Gasto público corriente y gasto público de capital en servicios sociales: un análisis cuantitativo de los países sudamericanos en los ochenta

Incluye Bibliografía

Análisis de una corriente de educación rural

Incluye Bibliografía

Estética romântica germânica e a paisagem em Humboldt: percurso da geografia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Capacidad de uso de la tierra en la cuenca de la Corriente del Lobo, Itatinga, São Paulo, Brasil

The objective of the research was to define the classes of use capacity of 2403.25 ha in the basin of the Corriente del Lobo - Itatinga (SP), (22°03'56" to 22°59'12" of latitude S and 48°38'47" to 48°41'25" of longitude W Gr.). The soil use capacity was obtained by using the SIG IDRISI 32 crossing the documents of steepness and soils and the document of judgment of classes of soil use capacity and of the utilitarian rising of the physical milieu. The classes and subclasses areas of use capacity presented the following values: IIIa - 68.60 ha (2.85%), IIIe,s - 1919.15 ha (79.86%); IIIe - 210.60 ha (8.76%); IVe - 3.38ha (0.14%); IVe,s - 157.42 ha (6.55%) and VIe,s - 44.10 ha (1.84%). The lands of the basin were distributed in three classes (III, IV and VI) and six subclasses but the biggest extension (79.9%) belonged to the subclass IIIe,s. The modules of the IDRISI allowed to discriminate, mapping and to quantify quickly the soil use capacity of the areas of classes and subclasses in the basin.