L'invention de la communauté dans le cycle romanesque corrézien de Richard Millet

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Je (ne) suis (pas) Antigone : les filles et le tragique dans Ça va aller et Fleurs de crachat de Catherine Mavrikakis

Ce mémoire porte sur les romans Ça va aller et Fleurs de crachat de Catherine Mavrikakis. Il s’appuie sur une réappropriation ambigüe de la figure d’Antigone afin d’en questionner les répercussions sur l’expression identitaire des narratrices et sur le désir prophétique qu’elles nourrissent à l’égard d’une filiation au féminin. Il est divisé en deux chapitres : le premier portant sur la façon dont se manifeste l’héritage d’Antigone ainsi que sur son inscription problématique tant dans l’histoire littéraire que dans les romans de Mavrikakis, tandis que le second s’intéresse à la manière dont y est dépassé cet héritage par le travail d’une langue excessive et le choix d’une posture « cannibale et mélancolique ». Puis, au-delà des questions de transmission, d’héritage et de filiation, nous montrerons à partir des marques laissées par un féminisme radical que c’est à la communauté des filles d’Antigone qu’est destinée la possibilité d’être (in)fidèles au tragique en portant avec violence l’espoir de réinventer le futur, certes, mais surtout de rompre avec lui.

Reconceptualisation encyclopédique du corps cyborg dans les textes d’Élisabeth Vonarburg et de Catherine Dufour

Le cyborg est un avatar de ce que permet la science-fiction lorsqu’elle s’offre comme terrain où développer une heuristique des identités genrées. Donna Haraway, dans le Manifeste cyborg, a relevé le potentiel de liberté discursive que promettait cette figure romanesque. Il m’apparaît que, depuis sa fictionnalisation puis sa théorisation dans les années 1980 et 1990, le cyborg a muté au sein de l’entreprise science-fictionnelle littéraire. Le Silence de la Cité d’Élisabeth Vonarburg et Le Goût de l’immortalité de Catherine Dufour présentent des personnages dont la cyborgitude problématise les questions identitaires du genre humain, à travers une écriture spécifique, affectée par les technologies. Mon analyse des procédés scripturaux s’effectue de pair avec une analyse gender, ce qui me permet de mieux saisir la fictionnalisation toujours changeante des cyborgs dans les oeuvres de Vonarburg et de Dufour. Ces cyborgs déconstruisent les frontières des systèmes binaires traditionnels, en explorant les possibilités trans-genres et trans-espèces que permettent les métamorphoses de leurs corps excentriques. En tant que représentations fantasmées de désirs autrement inavouables, les cyborgs science-fictionnels témoignent du malaise inhérent de couples comme homme/femme, humain/animal ou organique/artificiel.

Procédés toponymiques chez Michon, Millet et Bergounioux

Dans la perspective d’un réexamen du rôle du nom propre dans « le pacte autobiographique », quelle place faire à ces autres noms que sont les toponymes ? Exception faite, bien sûr, de quelques textes canoniques — au premier rang desquels « Noms de pays : le nom » —, qui constituent eux-mêmes des théories littéraires du nom propre, le toponyme, objet privilégié de l’onomastique historique, reste le parent pauvre des études sur le nom propre littéraire, qui ne le retiennent généralement qu’au titre de la mimesis, comme l’un des effets de réel les plus attestables, marqueur d’un espace référentiel soit familier, soit dépaysant. Parallèlement, les études sur le biographique, qu’elles portent sur les biographies, les autobiographies ou les autofictions, s’interrogent moins sur le lieu que sur le milieu ou la famille du sujet dont l’histoire est racontée. [Introduction]

Organic inputs and farmers' management strategies in millet fields of western Niger

Research on soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa was criticized lately for largely ignoring farmers’ management strategies and the underlying principles. To fill this gap of knowledge, detailed interviews were conducted with 108 farm households about their rationale in managing the soil fertility of 307 individual fields in the agro-pastoral village territory of Chikal in western Niger. To amplify the farmers’ information on manuring and corralling practices, repeated measurements of applied amounts of manure were carried out within six 1-km^2 monitoring areas from February to October 1998. The interviews revealed that only 2% of the fields were completely fallowed for a period of 1–15 years, but 40% of the fields were at least partially fallowed. Mulching of crop residues was mainly practiced to fight wind erosion but was restricted to 36% of the surveyed fields given the alternative use of straw as livestock feed. Manure application and livestock corralling, as most effective tools to enhance soil fertility, were targeted to less than 30% of the surveyed fields. The application of complete fallow and manuring and corralling practices were strongly related to the households’ endowment with resources, especially with land and livestock. Within particular fields, measures were mainly applied to spots of poor soil fertility, while the restoration of the productivity of hard pans was of secondary importance. Given the limited spatial coverage of indigenous soil fertility measures and their strong dependence on farmers’ wealth, supplementary strategies to restrict the decline of soil fertility in the drought prone areas of Niger with their heavily weathered soils are needed.

Effects of phosphorus and water stress on shoot and root growth and on mycorrhization of different pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties from West Africa

This research work aimed at investigating the physiological mechanisms of tolerance of pearl millet to low soil Phosphorus availability and drought under the Sahelian conditions.

The publication of Catherine Carswell's novels

This article draws on new documentary evidence to discuss in detail the publishing history of the novels of the Scottish writer Catherine Carswell.

Trans/national dis/connections: silenced networks and strained belongings with reference to Albinia Catherine MacKay and Una Marson

This paper seeks to examine the particular operations of gender and cultural politics that both shaped and restrained possible 'networked' interactions between Jamaican women and their British 'motherlands' during the first forty years of the twentieth century. Paying particular attention to the poetry of Albinia Catherine MacKay (a Scots Creole) and the political journalism of Una Marson (a black Jamaica), I shall seek to examine why both writers speak in and of voices out of place. MacKay's poems work against the critical pull of transnational modernism to reveal aesthetic and cultural isolation through a model of strained belonging in relation to both her Jamaica home and an ancestral Scotland. A small number of poems from her 1912 collection that are dedicated to the historical struggle between the English and Scots for the rule of Scotland and cultural self-determination, some of which are written in a Scottish idiom, may help us to read the complex cultural negotiations that silently inform the seemingly in commensurability of location and locution revealed in these works. In contrast, Marson's journalism, although less known even than her creative writings, is both politically and intellectually radical in its arguments concerning the mutual articulation of race and gender empowerment. However, Marson remains aware of her inability to articulate these convictions with force in a British context and thereby of the way in which speaking out of place also silences her.

Pearl millet utilization in ccommercial laying hen diets formulated on a total or digestible amino acid basis

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with pearl millet in commercial layer diets, formulated according to the minimal requirements for total and digestible amino acids. Two hundred and forty Lohmann LSL laying hens with 25 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design according to a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with 3 replicates of 8 birds. Feed was formulated on two amino acid basis (total or digestible) according to Rostagno et al. (2000) and there were five pearl millet inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Performance and egg quality were evaluated during five periods of 21 days.At the end of each period, feed intake, egg production, egg weight and feed conversion were evaluated. In the last three days of each period, the following egg quality parameters were evaluated: Haugh Unit, yolk pigmentation index, egg specific weight, shell percentage and shell thickness. Digestible amino acid requirements resulted in decreased feed intake (p<0.01) and increased production costs per mass of eggs (kg) or per dozen eggs (p<0.01) compared to total amino acid requirements. There was a linear reduction in feed intake, egg production, egg weight and yolk pigmentation index with increasing inclusion levels of pearl millet. Therefore, increasing levels of replacement of corn by pearl millet affected bird performance negatively. Besides, production costs were higher with increasing pearl millet levels.

Millet seeds mixed with phosphate fertilizers

O tamanho reduzido das sementes de milheto dificulta sua semeadura uniforme, principalmente para os produtores que não possuem semeadoras apropriadas. Assim, a mistura das sementes com os fertilizantes fosfatados vem sendo utilizada para facilitar a semeadura. Entretanto, o período de contato pode provocar prejuízos na germinação e no vigor. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milheto submetidas a diferentes períodos de contato (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h) com os fertilizantes superfosfato simples (SFS) e superfosfato triplo (SFT), em um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 8x2 (n=4). Os atributos químicos e físicos dos fertilizantes foram previamente determinados. Foi utilizada a proporção de 1 kg de sementes para 2,5 kg de fertilizante. Após manutenção da mistura em saco plástico no laboratório, as sementes foram separadas dos fertilizantes e submetidas à determinação de umidade, germinação, primeira contagem e condutividade elétrica. Paralelamente, na casa de vegetação, em caixas plásticas contendo terra, determinou-se a emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência, sem e com a manutenção dos fertilizantes. Porque apresentam resíduos ácidos, tanto SFS como SFT afetaram de maneira semelhante e negativamente a germinação e o vigor das sementes de milheto em mistura, na medida em que se aumentou o período de contato.

Potassium leaching from millet straw as affected by rainfall and potassium rates

Pearl millet (Penisetum glaucum) is an interesting species to be used as cover crop in tropical areas, showing a high ability in potassium uptake. Potassium (K) is not linked to organic compounds in the plant, and can easily be released from decaying straw becoming available for subsequent crops. This experiment evaluated K leaching from millet straw grown under potassium rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg dm-3), and submitted to five levels of simulated rain (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mm). Plants were grown in soil filled pots in a greenhouse. On the 50th day after emergence, the plants were desiccated with glyphosate. Artificial rain was applied over the straw. Potassium deficiency speeds up millet dehydration after herbicide application and increases lightly rain water retention in the straw. The amount of K leached right after plant desiccation is correlated with the residue nutrient content and can be as high as 64 kg ha-1 considering a mulch of 8 t ha -1. Although well-nourished millet plants release considerable amounts of K with the first rains, a large percentage of the nutrient is still retained in the straw. Copyright © Taylor & Francis, Inc.