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Percepções dos professores sobre as culturas, políticas e práticas inclusivas

O movimento de inclusão na escola, preconiza uma mudança como o mundo percepciona a diferença e o direito à educação. O objectivo deste estudo, ao encontro da actuais directrizes para uma escola inclusiva, é contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a problemática da percepção dos professores dos grupos disciplinares de Educação Física, Humanidades, Ciências e Expressões com referência às Culturas, Políticas e às Práticas inclusivas. Este estudo vem no seguimento de uma linha de investigação relacionada com a inclusão educativa, criada no âmbito do Mestrado da U.L.H.T. em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário. A recolha de dados foi elaborada com base no questionário “Index for Inclusion – developing learning and participation in schools” (2002), da autoria de Tony Booth e Mel Ainscow, tendo sido inquiridos setecentos e noventa e nove docentes que leccionam em escolas do Distrito de Lisboa. No que concerne às questões de avaliação de desempenho e importância dada a cada um dos aspectos das várias dimensões da inclusão, todas estas se caracterizaram por ser uma variável discreta do tipo ordinal. Metodologicamente recorremos à Anova, sendo este um teste paramétrico utilizado com o propósito comparativo dos grupos em função da sua média. Uma vez que não se verificou os pressupostos para a sua utilização (distribuição normal dos grupos e homogeneidade das variâncias), como reforço, utilizamos a metodologia aplicativa não paramétricas na comparação dos grupos, ou seja teste de Mann-Whitney.

As Principais Afecções Gástricas dos Bovinos

As afecções que afectam o sistema gastrointestinal dos bovinos são uma realidade, que assola a grande maioria das explorações de gado bovino, o que levou que nesta dissertação de mestrado se realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a anatomia e fisiologia gástrica bovina, desde o rúmen até o abomaso. É feita também uma revisão bibliográfica da patologia de algumas afecções destes órgãos, nomeadamente, indigestão simples, timpanismo gasoso, reticuloperitonite traumática, deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda e úlcera de abomaso. São relatados casos clínicos acompanhados pelo autor, relacionados com estas afecções, sobre os quais são descritos todos os pontos desde o diagnóstico, anamnese até à terapêutica e controle.

[Comunicação nas] XIX Jornadas sobre a Função Social do Museu Paços de Ferreira - 2009

Faz agora 24 anos que alguns de nós que aqui estamos visitáramos o Moinho de Maré de Corroios. Era à data, talvez, a unidade produtiva mais antiga do nosso país.De facto, o Moinho de Maré de Corroios começara a moer grão em 1403 e 580 anos passados de produção contínua produzia uma farinha que os especialistas consideravam de excelente qualidade para a panificação e a confeitaria. Pouco tempo depois o Moinho de Corroios foi adquirido pelo Município e transformado num dos núcleos museológicos do Ecomuseu do Seixal. O Sr. Guilherme, o último moleiro, foi promovido a funcionário do museu e guia dos visitantes.As 6 moendas essas ficaram paradas para sempre. As hélices das turbinas que as punham em movimento lá foram apodrecendo e a caldeira ficou assoreada. Cada vez que visitávamos o Moinho tínhamos de ouvir as lamentações do Sr. Guilherme e ver-lhe a tristeza espelhada nos olhos quando nos explicava o funcionamento do mecanismo que se não movimentava.

Synergy of extreme drought and shrub invasion reduce ecosystem functioning and resilience in water-limited climates

Extreme drought events and plant invasions are major drivers of global change that can critically affect ecosystem functioning and alter ecosystem-atmosphere exchange. Invaders are expanding worldwide and extreme drought events are projected to increase in frequency and intensity. However, very little is known on how these drivers may interact to affect the functioning and resilience of ecosystems to extreme events. Using a manipulative shrub removal experiment and the co-occurrence of an extreme drought event (2011/2012) in a Mediterranean woodland, we show that native shrub invasion and extreme drought synergistically reduced ecosystem transpiration and the resilience of key-stone oak tree species. Ecosystem transpiration was dominated by the water use of the invasive shrub Cistus ladanifer, which further increased after the extreme drought event. Meanwhile, the transpiration of key-stone tree species decreased, indicating a competitive advantage in favour of the invader. Our results suggest that in Mediterranean-type climates the invasion of water spending species and projected recurrent extreme drought events may synergistically cause critical drought tolerance thresholds of key-stone tree species to be surpassed, corroborating observed higher tree mortality in the invaded ecosystems. Ultimately, this may shift seasonally water limited ecosystems into less desirable alternative states dominated by water spending invasive shrubs.

Overweight and obesity related factors in schoolchildren in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of socioeconomic, dietary, and anthropometric-nutritional variables of parents and their children to overweight (including obesity) in schoolchildren in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. This is a transversal study conducted on 4,964, 6 to 10-year-old schoolchildren registered in 345 Santa Catarina elementary schools. The following data were acquired: the children`s current weight and height, birth weight and length, duration of breastfeeding, age at which water, herbal tea and other foods were introduced to their diet; parental income, education level, age, weight and height were also obtained. The prevalence of overweight and obese children were estimated by point and by interval with a 95% confidence; prevalence rates were obtained based on the Poisson model. An hierarchical approach was used, in which variables were adjusted within blocks and included in the model when they presented p<0.05 at the outcome (overweight including obesity). The results indicate that 47.8% of the subjects were male. The prevalence of overweight and obese students was 15.4% (C195%: 14.4%-16.5%) and 6.1% (CI95%: 5.4%-6.7%) respectively and were statistically similar among sexes and age ranges. BMI values were higher in males and among older children (p<0.05). After adjustment within and among blocks, the variables per capita household income and parents` BM I values remained associated with overweight (including obesity). Overweight (including obesity) in schoolchildren is associated with a higher per capita household income and parental overweight and obesity.

Hospital-acquired human bocavirus in infants

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a respiratory pathogen that affects young children. We screened 511 nasopharyngeal aspirates for hospital-acquired HBoV from infants hospitalised with respiratory infection from January to December 2008. Among 55 children with HBoV infection, 10 cases were hospital-acquired. Compared with the community-acquired cases, coinfection with other respiratory viruses in these patients was uncommon. HBoV should be considered for inclusion in screening protocols for nosocomial childhood respiratory infections, especially in intensive care units. (C) 2010 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The long wavelength limit of hard thermal loop effective actions

We derive a closed form expression for the long wavelength limit of the effective action for hard thermal loops in an external gravitational field. It is a function of the metric, independent of time derivatives. It is compared and contrasted with the static limit, and with the corresponding limits in an external Yang-Mills field. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Instabilities in thermal gravity with a cosmological constant

It is shown that in quantum gravity at finite temperature, the effective potential evaluated in the tadpole approximation can have a local minimum below a certain critical temperature. However, when the leading higher order thermal loop corrections are included, one finds that no static solution exists at high temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An analytical relation between entropy production and quantum Lyapunov exponents for Gaussian bipartite systems

We study and compare the information loss of a large class of Gaussian bipartite systems. It includes the usual Caldeira-Leggett-type model as well as Anosov models ( parametric oscillators, the inverted oscillator environment, etc), which exhibit instability, one of the most important characteristics of chaotic systems. We establish a rigorous connection between the quantum Lyapunov exponents and coherence loss, and show that in the case of unstable environments coherence loss is completely determined by the upper quantum Lyapunov exponent, a behavior which is more universal than that of the Caldeira-Leggett-type model.

Long-term intermittent feeding, but not caloric restriction, leads to redox imbalance, insulin receptor nitration, and glucose intolerance

Calorie restriction is a dietary intervention known to improve redox state, glucose tolerance, and animal life span. Other interventions have been adopted as study models for caloric restriction, including nonsupplemented food restriction and intermittent, every-other-day feedings. We compared the short- and long-term effects of these interventions to ad libitum protocols and found that, although all restricted diets decrease body weight, intermittent feeding did not decrease intra-abdominal adiposity. Short-term calorie restriction and intermittent feeding presented similar results relative to glucose tolerance. Surprisingly, long-term intermittent feeding promoted glucose intolerance, without a loss in insulin receptor phosphorylation. Intermittent feeding substantially increased insulin receptor nitration in both intra-abdominal adipose tissue and muscle, a modification associated with receptor inactivation. All restricted diets enhanced nitric oxide synthase levels in the insulin-responsive adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, whereas calorie restriction improved tissue redox state, food restriction and intermittent feedings did not. In fact, long-term intermittent feeding resulted in largely enhanced tissue release of oxidants. Overall, our results show that restricted diets are significantly different in their effects on glucose tolerance and redox state when adopted long-term. Furthermore, we show that intermittent feeding can lead to oxidative insulin receptor inactivation and glucose intolerance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mild mitochondrial uncoupling in mice affects energy metabolism, redox balance and longevity

Caloric restriction is the most effective non-genetic intervention to enhance lifespan known to date. A major research interest has been the development of therapeutic strategies capable of promoting the beneficial results of this dietary regimen. In this sense, we propose that compounds that decrease the efficiency of energy conversion, such as mitochondrial uncouplers, can be caloric restriction mimetics. Treatment of mice with low doses of the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol promotes enhanced tissue respiratory rates, improved serological glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels, decrease of reactive oxygen species levels and tissue DNA and protein oxidation, as well as reduced body weight. Importantly, 2,4-dinitrophenol-treated animals also presented enhanced longevity. Our results demonstrate that mild mitochondrial uncoupling is a highly effective in vivo antioxidant strategy, and describe the first therapeutic intervention capable of effectively reproducing the physiological, metabolic and lifespan effects of caloric restriction in healthy mammals.