967 resultados para Aterro sanitário - Cordeirópolis (SP)


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Essa dissertação aborda a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares em Belém, seu tratamento e a possibilidade de geração de renda através da reciclagem de resíduos sólidos. Com o intuito de entender a gestão de resíduos sólidos e um mercado de reciclagem na cidade Belém essa dissertação analisou a atual estrutura de gestão de resíduos e o trabalho de coleta seletiva realizado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belém (PMB). Também serão objetos de estudo nesse trabalho a Legislação que trata sobre questões especificas dos resíduos sólidos, estabelecida com a Política de Resíduos Sólidos, através do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) na qual destacamos, a atual Política Nacional de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que em Belém a diferença entre resíduos gerados e resíduos introduzidos no processo de reciclagem é muito grande, dessa forma a produtividade dos processos de reciclagem é insuficiente. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dados da Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente (SEMA), da Secretaria Municipal de Saneamento (SESAN), da Secretaria Municipal de Coordenação e Gestão de Projetos (SEGEP) e do Departamento Municipal de Resíduos Sólidos (DRES), assim como, por meio da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com agentes envolvidos na cadeia de reciclagem. A partir da analise realizada para a dissertação constatou-se que a gestão de resíduos na cidade ainda é deficiente, a pesquisa realizada mostra que há apenas dois bairros de Belém atendidos pela coleta seletiva domiciliar, que o aterro sanitário da cidade está funcionando com sua capacidade de suporte exaurida e que dessa forma a prefeitura municipal esta muito longe de enquadrar-se nos padrões da nova Política Nacional de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS.

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A bacia do Rio Aurá está situada na região metropolitana de Belém, entre os municípios de Belém e Ananindeua, onde a taxa populacional tem aumentado sem qualquer medida de controle social ou ambiental. A região é intensamente explorada, sendo que os principais problemas ambientais são o desmatamento, erosão, inundação, poluição e contaminação das águas, especialmente por metais pesados e compostos orgânicos. O comportamento geoquímico dos elementos Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni e Cu e os teores de compostos orgânicos foram avaliados em 30 pontos de amostragem no período entre 2008 e 2010 nos sedimentos fluviais. O aterro sanitário não controlado localizado nas proximidades da bacia do Rio Aurá é responsável, em parte, pela contaminação dos sedimentos. O estresse ambiental é resultado das atividades antrópicas locais, que contribuem no transporte de material clástico contendo metais para o rio. As variáveis estudadas foram classificadas segundo mecanismos de transporte e fonte (autóctone ou alóctone). Os resultados demonstraram que a principal contribuição de íons Al e Fe foi o aterro sanitário; Mn e Ni vieram principalmente dos solos adjacentes; Cr foi modificado (III/VI) por processo alobioquímico e Cu por processo bioinduzido.

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O presente trabalho apresenta um método que utiliza uma função hiperbólica para descrever o decaimento do contraste de densidade com a profundidade em aterros sanitários e lixões, e consiste de duas abordagens: (1) o mapeamento da base de um lixão ou de um aterro sanitário conhecendo-se a anomalia gravimétrica, o contraste de densidade na superfície e o fator de decaimento do contraste de densidade com a profundidade; (2) estimação do contraste de densidade na superfície e o fator de decaimento do contraste de densidade com a profundidade a partir do conhecimento da anomalia gravimétrica e do relevo da base do lixão ou do aterro sanitário; uma variante desta última abordagem utiliza os valores conhecidos de profundidade desses ambientes para gerar a anomalia ajustada e estimar o valor do contraste de densidade na superfície e o fator de decaimento do contraste com a profundidade através da minimização da norma Euclidiana do vetor de resíduos entre as observações e o ajuste. Em ambas abordagens o modelo interpretativo é representado por um conjunto de prismas retangulares justapostos, cujas espessuras são os parâmetros a serem determinados. As soluções encontradas através das duas abordagens são estáveis devido à incorporação de informação sobre a suavidade do relevo estimado. O método foi aplicado a dados sintéticos produzidos pela simulação de aterros sanitários e lixões com até 15 m de profundidades e de relevos suaves. Os resultados das interpretações gravimétricas foram consistentes e revelaram a eficácia do método tanto na abordagem (1) como na abordagem (2). O método também foi aplicado à anomalia Bouguer residual do aterro sanitário da Fazenda Thomas, Indiana, USA, indicando que o contraste de densidade do aterro pode ou ser constante ou apresentar variação máxima de 0,09 g/cm3.

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Brazil faces a complex problem in respect to municipal solid waste, having been in recent years an increase of its generation without the country there be adequate for proper disposal thereof. In many states , the percentage of waste destined improperly , ie , in dumps , landfills, send- outs , among others , is greater than that disposed in landfills , which would be the most correct way to be made. It can be argued that this discrepancy is due to the high cost of implementation and operation of the landfill, and the same need large areas with physical characteristics that suit their operations . When there is a provision in properly constructed landfills , municipal solid waste grounded generate gases with high potential energy through biochemical reactions during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material stored . Such gases can be used for power generation within the landfill or other economic means . To estimate the gas generation will be sufficient for such economic compensation , there are mathematical models that make estimating the amount of gas produced . These models calculate the energy capacity and generation , using parameters obtained based on the characteristics of solid waste , climate of the region where they are grounded and grounding time . Such models have been raised and studied so that it was possible to perform simulations that demonstrate the behavior of biogas generation related to the external conditions of the landfill that interfere with biological reactions within. The results show differences between the values obtained , it shows that the preparation of the models found and used in the simulations were allocated amounts for different parameters that determine this difference in the estimate . Therefore, to rule, the models have difficulty understanding this because there is no clarity in the formulation of the equations , and the definition of variables and parameters would require a detailed study to...

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In 2010 Brazil produced about 60.8 million of municipal solid waste, an amount 6.8% higher than in 2009 and six times the rate of urban population growth recorded in the same period. According to a study by the Brazilian Association of Companies of Special Wasteand Public Cleansing (Abrelpe), the average waste generated per person in the same period the country was 378 Kilograms, an amount 5.3% higher to 2009 (359 Kg). The total reached 60.8 milion tons of waste, 6.5 million tons were collected and not end up inrivers, streams and vacant lots. Of this total production, 42.4% or 22.9 million Tons, did not receive proper destination and destiny had dumps and landfills. The data show that the country is in upward trend in waste generation, but did not advance the appropriate destination at the same pace. The waste thus throw open cause public helth problems, such as proliferation of disease vectors (flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, and others). Generation of odors and especially the pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater through slurry ( liquid black, smelly and high pollution potential produced by the decomposition of organic matter contained in waste), affecting the water. This Study shows the popper closure of the areas, wich long has been degrading our natural resources, not to cause damage to nature and therefore society

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About eighty percent of the Brazilian municipalities have their residues in environmentally unsuitable sites and socially insalubrious. In this context, in the year 2010, instituted the National Policy on Solid Residues, which aims to integrated management and management environmentally appropriate of solid residues in Brazil (JUCA, 2002).The problem of urban residues is related to its origin and production in the same way that the concept of inexhaustibility and reflexes of compromising the environment, especially the pollution of soil, air and water resources (LIMA, 1995). Seeking a better residues management in the municipality of Apuí / AM and continuing work already started, Plan Solid Residues Management of the Apuí / AM, this work came to propose a better environmental compliance in relation to solid residues compared to 12305/2010 law that established deadlines / timelines on some actions such as landfills and the consequent elimination of environmentally sound disposal of residues by 2014 and thus began a study of potential areas for the implementation of the landfill were evaluated taking into consideration technical aspects (soil, vegetation, climate, hydrography, etc), legislation and Google Earth imagery. The result of the work over the 6 areas proposed by the City Hall was the choice of AREA 4 as the most indicated for the implementation of the landfill for the city of Apuí, which has 18,325 inhabitants (IBGE, 2011); some considerations were made if a new area can be proposed by the city to implement the landfill

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The growing population, purchasing power and changing the profile of Brazilian consumers are the facts to justify the increase in waste production in the country. According to the National Research Sanitation made by IBGE in 2000, Brazil produced 241,614 tons of waste per day, equivalent to approximately 90 million tons per year. This growth leads researchers to consider a better way to dump this material in order to mitigate the damage to population health and the environment. For this, one of the possible actions is the search for alternative disposal technological development, a possible solution being the construction of landfills. But many cities, especially those from regions of poor or agricultural base, do not always have sufficient resources and open spaces for the construction of a landfill as required by law. Fits like a context in which it operates as an alternative technology for inter-municipal consortia landfill and public-private partnerships in order to contribute to the sustainable development of cities. The law that regulates public consortia is the Federal Law 11.107 of April 2005, as the law that regulates and makes possible the Public-Private Partnership is the Federal Law 11.079 of 2004. Consortia are entities that bring together several municipalities, with or without the State and the Union to carry out joint actions that if were borne singly, not would achieve the same results or would lose a greater volume of resources, and would demand more time. The public-private partnership consist of one or more municipalities and a private company, selected by public tender, which becomes responsible for implementation, maintenance and operation of the landfill. This practice can performed on the model of concession, in which public administration is direct or indirect user, with or without installation and ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

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This study analyzes the environmental performance of the Municipal Solid Waste Management System (MSWMS) of Piedade, São Paulo, from a systemic perspective. A life cycle assessment (LCA) technique was applied according to an attributional approach to evaluate both the current operational situation and different prospective scenarios, which were devised based on the application of targets for recycling dry and wet waste suggested by the pre-draft version of the Brazilian Plan for Solid Waste. The life cycle impact assessment method EcoIndicator 99, in association with normalization and weighting procedures, was used to conduct the analysis. It was observed that the adoption of goals of 30%, 50% and 70% for recovering of the recyclable dry waste, resulted in improvement of the environmental performance of the waste management system under analysis, respectively of 10%, 15% and 20%. It was also possible to detect an evolution in the order of 54% in reducing impacts resulting from the adoption of targets for composting. LCA proved to be effective for the evaluation of the environmental performance of MSWMS-Piedade. However, for future evaluations, the attributional approach should be replaced by the methodological practice of substitution to enable the avoided burdens to be considered in estimations of the environmental performance municipal solid waste management systems.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)