Algorithm-oriented design of efficient many-core architectures applied to dense matrix multiplication

Recent integrated circuit technologies have opened the possibility to design parallel architectures with hundreds of cores on a single chip. The design space of these parallel architectures is huge with many architectural options. Exploring the design space gets even more difficult if, beyond performance and area, we also consider extra metrics like performance and area efficiency, where the designer tries to design the architecture with the best performance per chip area and the best sustainable performance. In this paper we present an algorithm-oriented approach to design a many-core architecture. Instead of doing the design space exploration of the many core architecture based on the experimental execution results of a particular benchmark of algorithms, our approach is to make a formal analysis of the algorithms considering the main architectural aspects and to determine how each particular architectural aspect is related to the performance of the architecture when running an algorithm or set of algorithms. The architectural aspects considered include the number of cores, the local memory available in each core, the communication bandwidth between the many-core architecture and the external memory and the memory hierarchy. To exemplify the approach we did a theoretical analysis of a dense matrix multiplication algorithm and determined an equation that relates the number of execution cycles with the architectural parameters. Based on this equation a many-core architecture has been designed. The results obtained indicate that a 100 mm(2) integrated circuit design of the proposed architecture, using a 65 nm technology, is able to achieve 464 GFLOPs (double precision floating-point) for a memory bandwidth of 16 GB/s. This corresponds to a performance efficiency of 71 %. Considering a 45 nm technology, a 100 mm(2) chip attains 833 GFLOPs which corresponds to 84 % of peak performance These figures are better than those obtained by previous many-core architectures, except for the area efficiency which is limited by the lower memory bandwidth considered. The results achieved are also better than those of previous state-of-the-art many-cores architectures designed specifically to achieve high performance for matrix multiplication.

Heidegger leitor de Agostinho: A memoria como fenómeno existencial

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Filosofia Geral

The present situation regarding lymphatic filariasis in Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

A cross-sectional population-based survey on the occurrence of lymphatic filariasis was carried out in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. 7,650 individuals of both sexes were examined (from 1,416 households) of whom six tested positive for microfilaria according to the thick blood diagnostic test. The age of the individuals examined varied from 0 to 98 (averaging 26.6 years), whilst the age of the microfilaria-positive individuals varied from 11 to 29, averaging 22.5 years. Five of the six positive cases were male. These cases were residents of the following areas: Pista Preta (one case); Ponte dos Carvalhos (four cases); and Pontezinha (one case). This last case from Pontezinha was autochthonous. Of the individuals examined, 109 (1.4%) cited complaints relating to filariasis. These results suggest that filariasis is being transmitted in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, a finding that establishes the need to carry out disease control activities, and to collaborate with the planning of the national programme for the elimination of filariasis.

A primeira licenciatura em comunicação social em Portugal (FCSH-UNL 1979) - contributo para uma reflexão a cerca do ensino do jornalismo

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação - Estudos dos Media e Jornalismo

A Evolução do Controlo de Infecção em Portugal

A primeira referência a controlo de infecção em Portugal remonta a 1930 mas é só em 1979 que é publicada a primeira circular informativa da Direcção-Geral dos Hospitais a qual divulgava a Resolução 31 do Conselho da Europa sobre a institucionalização das Comissões de Controlo de Infecção. Em 1986 é recomendado a todas as unidades de saúde o controlo de infecção, também pela DGH e, novamente, seguindo uma disposição do Conselho da Europa. Em 1993 aquela Direcção Geral decide pela necessidade de institucionalização das CCIH mas é só em 1996 que são criadas as CCIH em todas as unidades hospitalares públicas e privadas com definição, afectação de recursos humanos, físicos e financeiros e definida a composição e as atribuições. Três anos depois nasce o Programa Nacional de Controlo de Infecção com o objectivo de divulgar a verdadeira dimensão do problema e promover as medidas necessárias para a prevenção da infecção. O PNCI foi criado na DGS em 1996, transferido para o INS Dr. Ricardo Jorge em 1999, tendo regressado à DGS em 2006. No ano seguinte foi aprovado pelo Sr. Ministro da Saúde Dr. Correia de Campos e publicado em DR o Programa Nacional de Controlo de Infecção Associada aos Cuidados de Saúde. No mesmo ano é determinada pela DGS a reestruturação das CCI em todas as unidades de saúde, definida a organização, constituição e atribuições dos agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde, Administrações Regionais e Unidades de Cuidados Continuados. O PNCI tem missão bem definida e projectos desenvolvidos em áreas de vigilância epidemiológica, desenvolvimento de normas e boa prática e funções de consultoria e apoio. Em vigilância epidemiológica tem em campo os projectos HELICS-UCI, HELICS - Cirurgia, Infecções nosocomiais da corrente sanguínea, infecções em UCI - recém-nascidos e Inquéritos Nacionais de Prevalência. Têm sido emanadas inúmeras normas de boa prática e protocolos divulgados no sítio da DGS, micro sítio do PNCI. Os vários estudos têm gerado informação sob o ponto de vista nosológico, microbiológico, de resistência bacteriana e de uso de antibióticos, de importância fundamental para intervenção dirigida e avaliação de resultados.

Regionalización del Cuidado Perinatal en Portugal - Resultados

Lo Servicio Nacional de Salud en Portugal fue criado en 1979, universal e gratis. Las primeras UCIN surgieran en 1980, en 1985 fue criada la Sociedad Portuguesa de Neonatología, en 1987 lo sistema de transporte neonatal, en mismo año fue nominada una Comisión de Peritos en Perinatología. En 1989 fue nominado el Comité Nacional de la Mujer y del niño y empezó la Reforma de los cuidados de salud perinatal. Era un programa de 9 años en etapas de 3 años que incluía el ccierre de Hospitales con menos de 1500 partos/año, categorización de los hospitales en niveles de cuidados e la creación de Unidades Coordinadoras entre Centros de Salud y Hospitales. Las UCIN y Intermedios neonatales fueran equipados y definido el número necesario de obstetras, pediatras y enfermeras e fue hecha formación en Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Los Centros de Salud no tienen partos e controlan el embarazo normal; los hospitales Nivel I no tienen partos; los de Nivel II tienen partos normales y de bajo riesgo, por lo menos 1500/año, obstetras, Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios, Pediatras con formación en neonatología, ventilación por períodos cortos. Los Hospitales de Nivel III tienen partos de bajo y alto riesgo, obstetras y neonatólogos, UCIN, formación en obstetricia y neonatología e investigación. Las UCIN tienen ventilación de longa duración, nutrición parenteral, cuidados de recién nacidos con menos de 1500g, condiciones quirúrgicas, son centros de enseñanza e investigación. Deben tener neonatólogos y pediatras con competencia en neonatología 24h por día, 1.5 camas /1000 partos, 1 enfermera para 2 logares de intensivos – 2,5 enfermeras por cada cama de intensivos - deben estar localizadas en maternidades con >3000 partos. Hay también reglas para translado para nível III pré-natal y pós-natal. Lo impacto fue que la tasa de partos hospitalares aumentó hasta 99% la mortalidad fetal e fetal tardia disminuiu hasta 3,7 e 2,5/1000 NV+MN, la mortalidad perinatal con más de 28 semanas para 4,6/1000 NV+ MN, la neonatal para 2,4/1000NV e la infantil para 3,6. Las mejores condiciones socioeconómicas y nivel de educación pueden justificar parte de estos resultados pero la organización de los cuidado perinatales fue ciertamente una grande razón de mejoría.

Why and How Was Regionalization of Perinatal Care Accomplished in Portugal?

Portuguese health care system was created in 1979. It is universal and for free. Expenses are supported by the State through taxes. The modern perinatal care system started by the end of 1970. The first neonatal intensive care units were created in 1980, the Portuguese Neonatal Society in 1985 and the National Neonatal Transport System in 1987. Until the seventies of twentieth century and even during eighties there were more than 200 hospitals with deliveries, a great part without obstetrician or paediatrician, a great percentage of pregnancies had no prenatal care, there were few neonatal intensive care units and perinatal mortality rate was one of the highest in the European countries. In 1987 an Experts Committee was nominated by the Health Ministry aiming to collect and analyse data on perinatal care and to suggest improvements. The Report resulting from this work is the main document on which is based the reform. The reform was a 9 years program in 3 years stages aiming to close hospitals with less than 1500 deliveries/year, to reclassify hospitals, to create Coordinating Units between health centres and hospitals, to equip neonatal intensive and intermediate care units, to define needs of obstetricians, paediatricians and nurses for each centre and to promote specialised training in neonatology for paediatricians and nurses. Levels of perinatal care were defined as well as localization of each level of hospital according to the number of deliveries in one geographic area, geographic difficulties and existing routes and connections. Steps for opening and closure of different levels of hospitals were very well programmed. The organization, capacities, number of obstetricians, neonatologists and nurses as well as equipment for each level of care was defined. Rules for pregnant women and newborns transfer from level II to level III hospitals were also well described. A specific training is neonatology was created starting in 1990. This organization resulted in an impressive decrease in mortality rates at all levels and still it is the policy we have today.

Envenoming by coral snakes (Micrurus) in Argentina, during the period between 1979-2003

Envenomation by coral snakes (Micrurus sp.) is one of the most dangerous injuries in America and it is considered as a serious medical emergency, however bites by these snakes appear to be rare. We analyzed epidemiological data, clinical signs and antivenom use in Argentina during the period between 1979-2003. During this period of study 46 non-fatal Micrurus bites were reported. The majority of cases were men from 31 to 40 years old. Bites occurred primarily in spring and summer. Most cases were reported from the northeast and northwest provinces of the country. The bites were mostly located on hands or feet and occurred mostly during agricultural activities and so mainly involved farmers. Only four cases occurred as a result of handling snakes. The median time it took for antivenom to be administrated was 60 minutes after the bite, and the median number of vials applied was 2. Local pain was mentioned and edema was reported in 41% of patients. All patients recovered without sequelae. This study showed a low incidence of Micrurus bites and low severity of envenomation. However, although no deaths have been reported during the last 30 years, given the toxicity of the venom of Micrurus snakes, the risk of severe envenomation should be considered.

Jeremias o Louco: o diálogo poético entre José Agostinho Baptista, Álvaro de Campos e T. S. Eliot

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Portugueses

O Tecer da Memória em Narrativas de Antônio Torres e António Lobo Antunes

Tese apresentada e reformulada de acordo com as orientações do Júri (19 de Dezembro de 2012), para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Estudos Portugueses, Especialidade de Literatura Comparatista.

Associação entre acidentes vasculares encefálicos e doença de Chagas

Foi pesquisada a freqüência de acidentes vasculares encefálicos (A VE), isquêmicos e hemorrágicos, em chagásicos crônicos e em não chagásicos, maiores de 15 anos de idade, necropsiados em Uberaba, de 1979 a 1988, optando-se por estudo emparelhado por sexo e idade em 208 pares. Em 41 (19,7%) dos chagásicos e em 55 (26,4%) dos não chagásicos foram diagnosticados AVE, diferença não significante ao nível de 5%. Dos chagásicos 12 (75%) tiveram infarto e 4 (25%) hemorragia encefálica; dos não chagásicos 5 (31,3%) tiveram infarto e 11 (68,7%) hemorragia. As .diferenças são significantes ao nível de 5%. Os resultados demonstram menor freqüência de AVE hemorrágico em chagásicos que em não chagásicos e comprovam alta freqüência de AVE isqüêmico na doença de Chagas humana.