As relações da tríplice hélice no setor da carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise a partir das abordagens da imersão social e da dependência de recursos

This work consists in a study of the Shrimp Industry in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose central issue relates to the understanding of how the Triple Helix (University, Government and the productive sector) interrelationship limits or expands the industry s innovation process. The study aims to understand how the Triple Helix relationship interferes in the innovation process of shrimp in Rio Grande do Norte. As the knowledge becomes the resource key for production methods, the generation of new technologies, new products and processes which demands joint and integrated action of the institutions comprising the Triple Helix: University, Government and productive sector, which possess the essential resources to innovate the process and can be maximized from cooperative relationships between the referred Institutions. Thus, in this work, it was sharply used the pioneering studies of Sabato and Botana (1968) regarding the cooperation relationship between the scientific-technological sphere, the governmental and the productive base, and studies on the Triple Helix approach, proposed by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000), in which the university has a key role in the process of technological and innovative development of countries and regions, and under which it is assigned to the very University - the character of the entrepreneurial institution, through the concept of entrepreneurial University. Aiming to overcome the criticism of Cooke (2005), regarding the limitations of the Triple Helix approach, in this study it was used - as analytical perspectives - the perspective of social immersion (Granovetter, 1985, 2005) and the theory of resources dependence (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). The analytical perspectives presented in here, despite of the different assumptions, are essential to eliminate the bias that one only approach can lead (ASTLEY; VAN DE VEM; 2007). The authors arguments focus on the fact that the integration is possible if the researcher acknowledged that different perspectives may have different descriptions of the same phenomenon. As a research strategy, this study is characterized as a study case, along with the proposed objectives - the qualitative method was used as an approach and, depending on the gathering of the sector s historical, a sectional longitudinal view approach was applied (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the sector s evolutionary process and its inter-institutional relations - regarding the shrimp culture in Rio Grande do Norte - to promote the development, as the content was used for the technical analysis (BARDIN, 1977). The approach of social immersion and resources addiction dependence made it possible to understand that relationships are established within and between each sphere (university, government and productive sector) characterizing a network of low density relationships and strongly internal and external dependence. Based on the speech of Etzkowitz and Mello (2006), a successful Triple Helix strategy of innovation requires not only the involvement and commitment of the parts, within the institutional sphere and among them, but also the development of mechanisms to coordinate the multiple and complex interactions and interfaces, focusing on promoting both environment and context for innovation and learning; it can be acknowledge from study results that the shrimp in the State of the RN, although there are several institutional mechanisms to promote greater integration and technological development, has been presented disjointed - both internally and between the spheres - and under no legitimate practice when facing the innovational promotion and integration institutions. Due to those factors, the central institutions of the network are crucial to the promotion of innovations, spreading through their direct contacts the importance factor of the sustainable competitive activity in the world market and on the national level. However, it may be concluded, from the data, that the Triple Helix relations are interfering in a negative way on what concerns the promotion of innovations in the shrimp industry in RN

Os saberes dos professores da escola fundamental: concepções sobre as abordagens geográficas / Márcia Maria Dias

El presente trabajo, intitulado, Los saberes de los profesores de la Escuela Fundamental: concepciones sobre los abordajes geográficos objetiva investigar los saberes del profesor de los años iniciales de la Escuela Fundamental en relación a la naturaleza especifica de los abordajes geográficos y reflexionar como en el proceso de investigación colaborativa los profesores aprendieron los saberes específicos de los abordajes geográficos vinculando sus asimilaciones teóricas a un determinado nivel de concepción . Buscamos con base en la investigación cualitativa del tipo colaborativa y en la aplicación de diferentes procedimientos técnicos-metodológico, responder a nuestras cuestiones de estudio: ¿Cuales los saberes geográficos que los profesores construyeron en la trayectoria de sus formaciones? ¿Cómo, en el proceso de investigación colaborativa, los profesores aprendieran los saberes específicos de los abordajes geográficos? Conforme principios de la perspectiva socio-histórica. Así, utilizamos específicamente las narrativas tópicas (orales y escritas) con base en los ejes norteadores Como aprendí y lo que aprendí referentes a los saberes geográficos constituidos en la trayectoria de formación, para realizar el diagnostico de los conocimientos previos de los profesores. El proceso reflexivo y la profundización del estudio ocurrieron, respectivamente, por medio de los Seminarios de Estudios Reflexivos y de los Ciclos de Estudios Reflexivos indicando la concepción de aprehensión de los saberes propuestos en esa construcción científica. Los postulados teóricos de Ferreira (2007), Charlot (2000, 2005), Tardif (2002), Tonine (2003), Soares (2000), Moraes (2005), Pimenta (2007), entre otros, proporcionaron comprensión sobre la temática en estudio. La pesquisa ocurrió en una acción colaborativa en la escuela pública de la ciudad de Natal/RN, en el Barrio de Nova Descoberta, en el turno matutino, con tres colaboradores, que participaron voluntariamente de ese proceso: Angico, Jacarandá y Carvalho desarrollaron sus prácticas pedagógicas, en los 1ºs y 4ºs años de la Enseñaza Fundamental. Los resultados obtenidos de los análisis, apuntaron un alcance descriptivo de las concepciones de los colaboradores sobre los saberes de los abordajes geográficos, que se refieren a enumeración de los aspectos característicos del fenómeno concebido, aunque nos haya empeñado para los alcances transformadores de nuestras concepciones

Abordagens pedagógicas na formação de enfermeiros : compreensão de docentes de enfermagem

In the new world order is notorious changes in social, ethical, economical and political aspects in the society, which reach incisively higher education, requiring a number of modifications and a new vision in nursing education, in order to meet the demands of the Unique Health System. Thus, the Higher Education Institutes (HEI) and teachers are invited to face new challenges and reflect on their practices, using pedagogical approaches and innovative methodologies to meet the requirements of a globalized society. This study has as an objective to analyze the perspective of teachers in what concern the pedagogical approaches used in nursing education and to identify pedagogical approaches utilized by teachers in nursing education. This is a field research of exploratory kind, descriptive, of quantitative approach. The search was conducted at the Department of Nursing of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN, based in the city of Natal. The population consisted of forty-six teachers. From this population was selected a sample of twenty teachers. Data collection occurred from August to September 2011, through the utilization of the technique of interview and questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed in two moments. In the first moment, was carried out the quantitative analysis that refers to the obtained data through the interview technique, methodological procedures were submitted to the content analysis proposed by Bardin. On the second moment, concerning the quantitative analysis of the questionnaires applied to the teachers and of the identification data, which were digitized and transferred to a spreadsheet electronic of Microsoft Excel XP, tabulated and organized into tables, containing their relative and absolute frequencies. It is worth mentioning that were respected the aspects of the CNS Resolution 196/96. With regard to the characteristics of research participants, 20% were male; with a degree of titration of 55% doctorates; regarding time of service there was a greater representation from 15 to 45 years, with 45%. The results showed that 90% of teachers who participated in the research have an appropriate understanding of non-critical pedagogical approaches, only 10% had an inadequate understanding. However, 70% of teachers, despite having an adequate understanding, reported difficulties when attempting to implement these pedagogies. Most teachers, with representability of 80% consider the non-critical pedagogies relevant in nursing education, as well as critical pedagogies, being represented by 95% of teachers. It was concluded that both critical and non-critical pedagogies are in teachers practice of undergraduate nursing education. It feels like a moment of transition, since the presence of new ways of teaching as a part of this educational context, with educational models that give value to scientific, ethical and personal aspects in the educational process. The research contains limitations, however highlights the contribution of new possibilities for action, reflection on the context of performance, maximizing the pedagogical skills necessary to conduct teaching process, in line with the new educational paradigm of higher education

Previsão do módulo de elasticidade transversal de compósitos unidirecionais através de redes neurais mistas

The aim of this study is to create an artificial neural network (ANN) capable of modeling the transverse elasticity modulus (E2) of unidirectional composites. To that end, we used a dataset divided into two parts, one for training and the other for ANN testing. Three types of architectures from different networks were developed, one with only two inputs, one with three inputs and the third with mixed architecture combining an ANN with a model developed by Halpin-Tsai. After algorithm training, the results demonstrate that the use of ANNs is quite promising, given that when they were compared with those of the Halpín-Tsai mathematical model, higher correlation coefficient values and lower root mean square values were observed

Análise sobre diferentes abordagens de configuração eletrônica de elementos apresentados em livros de química

This study aimed to identify and review of the conceptual differences presented by authors of books, focusing on the theme of electronic configuration. It shows the changing concepts of electronic configuration, its implications for the cognitive development of students and their relations with the contemporary world. We identified possible obstacles in books generated in the search for simplifications, situations of different concepts of energy in the electron configuration for sublevels. For this analysis was carried out in several books, and some other general chemistry and inorganic chemistry without distinguishing between level of education, whether secondary or higher. It was found that some books for school books corroborated with higher education, others do not. To check the consistency of what was discussed, it was a survey of 30 teachers, it was found divergent points of responses, particularly with respect to the energy sublevels and authorship of the diagram which facilitated the electron configuration. It was found that the total 22professores, ie, 73,33% answered correctly on the energy sublevel more calcium (Ca) and 80%, ie, 24 teachers responded incorrectly on the iron. As for the authorship of the diagram used to facilitate the electronic configuration, we obtained 93, 33% of teachers indicated that they followed a diagram, and this was called "Diagram of Linus Pauling," teacher 01, 3,33%, indicated that the diagram was authored by Madelung and 01, 3,33%, did not respond to question. Was observed that it is necessary a more detailed assessment of ancient writings, as the search for simplifications and generalizations, not so plausible, lead to errors and consequences negative for understanding the properties of many substances. It was found that quantum mechanics combined with spectroscopic data should be part of a more thorough analysis, especially when it extends situations atoms monoelectronicpolieletrônicos to describe atoms, because factors such as effective nuclear charge and shielding factor must be taken into consideration, because interactions there is inside an atom, described by a set ofquantum numbers, sometimes not taken into account

Projeto pedagógico: abordagens e implicações no âmbito da formação em odontologia

Proposals that aim a redirection of current health attention models in Brazil are indispensible due to the need of health issues and its challenges imposed by society. These issues come forth in Higher Education Institutions in an attempt to devise ways to face these demands. The research aims to analyze the Pedagogical Project (PP) present in the Dentistry Graduation Course in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil-(UFRN). This is done in coherence the Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines considering main competences established in the PP. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee at UFRN under document number 285/201. The work is of descriptive nature and was realized with 30 students in the Dentistry Graduation Course. Interviews were realized with the use of problem situation approach. The research was also supported by documental studies that dealt with syllabus present in the disciplines taught at UFRN. Data were processed with the use of the ALCESTE 4.9 software. It is possible to acknowledge that some conservative conceptions arise, even though there is use of active methodologies and innovation that aim to promote reflection and articulation for general competence development such as proposed in the Pedagogical Project in Dentistry Graduation Course at UFRN. These conceptions are mainly present in the teaching-learning process where students do not have full participation. Thus it is possible to conclude that even though there are advances and breakthroughs. This is seen with that fact that there was inclusion of multidisciplinary clinical work as well optional courses in the curriculum. It was also seen that there was occasional use of active teaching methodologies in Dentistry at UFRN. But there is still a need for a didactical and methodological resizing. These actions require the need for progressive development of competences and abilities during the formative process according to what was established in the Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines

A organização do conhecimento arquivístico: perspectivas de renovação a partir das abordagens científicas canadenses

Desde o final do século XX, as novas formas de produção documental e as novas tecnologias de informação apresentadas à Arquivística têm levado os profissionais da informação a repensar os conceitos e princípios arquivísticos postulados nos antigos manuais da área. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a produção arquivística canadense, que transformou o país em solo fértil para as discussões que circundam a disciplina na contemporaneidade, representando muito bem as necessidades colocadas pelos novos meios de produção documental aos arquivistas na sociedade da informação, redescobrindo princípios e (re) definindo conceitos, métodos e critérios para a criação, manutenção e uso de documentos em meio tradicional e eletrônico. Foi notadamente na década de 1980, que um novo paradigma se enunciou na área e, a partir dele, três correntes emergiram: a Arquivística Integrada - enunciada pela Escola de Québec - que propõe a reintegração da disciplina por meio do ciclo vital dos documentos e uma possível aproximação com a Ciência da Informação, graças à incorporação do termo informação orgânica registrada, como substituição ao termo documento de arquivo; a Arquivística Funcional ou Pós-Moderna, enunciada por Terry Cook - que propõe uma renovação e reformulação dos princípios e conceitos originais da disciplina, adotando a corrente Pós-moderna como pano de fundo; e a Diplomática Arquivística, enunciada primeiramente na Itália por Paola Carucci, mas desenvolvida e reformulada na América do Norte por Luciana Duranti, que busca, por meio do estudo da Diplomática, estabelecer critérios para a crítica textual dos documentos contemporâneos, garantindo ao método diplomático um posto fundamental na Arquivística contemporânea. A vista de tais aspectos, analisa-se, comparativamente, o universo epistemológico dessas três abordagens arquivísticas canadenses, enquanto perspectivas emergentes para a construção de uma disciplina contemporânea, capaz de dar conta dos novos processos de produção, organização e uso da informação orgânica registrada.

Uma análise experimental de abordagens heurísticas aplicadas ao problema do caixeiro viajante

Due to great difficulty of accurate solution of Combinatorial Optimization Problems, some heuristic methods have been developed and during many years, the analysis of performance of these approaches was not carried through in a systematic way. The proposal of this work is to make a statistical analysis of heuristic approaches to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The focus of the analysis is to evaluate the performance of each approach in relation to the necessary computational time until the attainment of the optimal solution for one determined instance of the TSP. Survival Analysis, assisted by methods for the hypothesis test of the equality between survival functions was used. The evaluated approaches were divided in three classes: Lin-Kernighan Algorithms, Evolutionary Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization. Beyond those approaches, it was enclosed in the analysis, a memetic algorithm (for symmetric and asymmetric TSP instances) that utilizes the Lin-Kernighan heuristics as its local search procedure

Avaliação sistemática de abordagens de derivação de produto

Product derivation tools are responsible for automating the development process of software product lines. The configuration knowledge, which is responsible for mapping the problem space to the solution space, plays a fundamental role on product derivation approaches. Each product derivation approach adopts different strategies and techniques to manage the existing variabilities in code assets. There is a lack of empirical studies to analyze these different approaches. This dissertation has the aim of comparing systematically automatic product derivation approaches through of the development of two different empirical studies. The studies are analyzed under two perspectives: (i) qualitative that analyzes the characteristics of approaches using specific criteria; and (ii) quantitative that quantifies specific properties of product derivation artifacts produced for the different approaches. A set of criteria and metrics are also being proposed with the aim of providing support to the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Two software product lines from the web and mobile application domains are targets of our study

Um método para desenvolvimento de abordagens generativas com composição de linguagens específicas de domínio

The software systems development with domain-specific languages has become increasingly common. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) provide increased of the domain expressiveness, raising the abstraction level by facilitating the generation of models or low-level source code, thus increasing the productivity of systems development. Consequently, methods for the development of software product lines and software system families have also proposed the adoption of domain-specific languages. Recent studies have investigated the limitations of feature model expressiveness and proposing the use of DSLs as a complement or substitute for feature model. However, in complex projects, a single DSL is often insufficient to represent the different views and perspectives of development, being necessary to work with multiple DSLs. In order to address new challenges in this context, such as the management of consistency between DSLs, and the need to methods and tools that support the development with multiple DSLs, over the past years, several approaches have been proposed for the development of generative approaches. However, none of them considers matters relating to the composition of DSLs. Thus, with the aim to address this problem, the main objectives of this dissertation are: (i) to investigate the adoption of the integrated use of feature models and DSLs during the domain and application engineering of the development of generative approaches; (ii) to propose a method for the development of generative approaches with composition DSLs; and (iii) to investigate and evaluate the usage of modern technology based on models driven engineering to implement strategies of integration between feature models and composition of DSLs

Estudo comparativo de abordagens de inversão do fator de qualidade Q

Seismic wave dispersion and attenuation studies have become an important tool for lithology and fluid discrimination in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The processes associated to attenuation are complex and are encapsulated in a single quantitative description called quality factor (Q). The present dissertation has the objective of comparing different approaches of Q determination and is divided in two parts. Firstly, we made performance and robustness tests of three different approaches for Q determination in the frequency domain. They are: peak shift, centroid shift and spectral ratio. All these tests were performed in a three-layered model. In the suite of tests performed here, we varied the thickness, Q and inclination of the layers for propagation pulses with central frequency of 30, 40 and 60 Hz. We found that the centroid shift method is produces robust results for the entire suíte of tests. Secondly, we inverted for Q values using the peak and centroid shift methods using an sequential grid search algorithm. In this case, centroid shift method also produced more robust results than the peak shift method, despite being of slower convergence

As dimensões dos valores e da participação política em projetos de professoras: abordagens sobre os resíduos sólidos

Este trabalho aborda elementos relativos às dimensões dos valores e da participação política, desenvolvidos por professoras, quando da elaboração de projetos temáticos sobre resíduos sólidos. A análise representa um momento da investigação dos processos de educação continuada de professoras de séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, de São Carlos, SP, ao aprender e ensinar conteúdos relativos à temática ambiental, com foco nos resíduos sólidos. Apontamos na discussão dos dados que as professoras freqüentemente não reconhecem os limites da dimensão dos conhecimentos, o que provavelmente dificulta a percepção das possibilidades de desenvolvimento do trabalho com as dimensões dos valores éticos e da participação política. Analisamos, para estas dimensões, alguns aspectos que se destacaram na pesquisa realizada.

O uso de metáforas como recurso didático no ensino do canto: diferentes abordagens

OBJETIVO: Verificar se professores de canto de diferentes gêneros musicais utilizam expressões metafóricas (imagens) como ferramenta didática para trabalhar a ressonância vocal, se existe correspondência fisiológica pretendida para cada metáfora empregada e os motivos para utilização de tal linguagem. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 20 professores de canto, com experiência profissional mínima de cinco anos, atuantes em quatro abordagens do ensino de canto, sendo cinco professores por abordagem. Os professores responderam um questionário baseado em pesquisas já concluídas na área. As questões abordaram o histórico na docência de canto e a utilização ou não de metáforas. Aos professores que responderam afirmativamente foi solicitada a citação de três imagens correntemente utilizadas no ensino da ressonância bem como a explicação dos eventuais objetivos fisiológicos e musicais associados. As entrevistas foram gravadas em aparelho digital, transcritas na íntegra, analisadas e categorizadas. RESULTADOS: Dos professores entrevistados, 90% utilizavam imagens no trabalho com ressonância por motivos didáticos técnicos e musicais; 88,8% dos professores que afirmaram utilizar tal linguagem e que disseram ter objetivos fisiológicos associados não os descreveram de forma objetiva ou não os distinguiram de objetivos musicais e proprioceptivos. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos professores pesquisados utiliza metáforas como ferramenta didática, por acreditar que elas estimulam a propriocepção e a musicalidade, e que a instrução por meio de linguagem fisiológica é muito complexa. Tal achado pode estar associado ao fato de que esses profissionais tendem a não separar o processo fisiológico de produção da voz do processo subjetivo da criação artística.

As abordagens teóricas e os formalismos para o tratamento computacional do significado lexical

No âmbito do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais (PLN), o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-semânticos é premente. Ao conceber os sistemas de PLN como um exercício de engenharia da linguagem humana, acredita-se que o desenvolvimento de tais recursos pode ser beneficiado pelos modelos de representação do conhecimento, desenvolvidos pela Engenharia do Conhecimento. Esses modelos, em particular, fornecem simultaneamente o arcabouço teórico-metodológico e a metalinguagem formal para o tratamento computacional do significado das unidades lexicais. Neste artigo, após a apresentação da concepção linguístico-computacional de léxico, elucidam-se os principais paradigmas de representação do conhecimento, enfatizando a abordagem do significado e a metalinguagem formal vinculadas a cada um deles.

Abordagens complementares para problemas de p-medianas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)