砂泥岩储层测井产能预测方法研究

Productivity prediction is very important in the exploration and development of oilfields. Using well log data to predict productivity is a front-line technology， which is key issue in petroleum exploration phase. The essential factors of productivity prediction is building practical models and correcting various causes to improve precision of prediction parameters. Any errors of parameters selections can affect the calculation of productivity prediction; therefore， how to improve research means and calculation accuracy is an important task of productivity prediction. Theory and case examples are deeply and comprehensively studied in the paper. Based on the theory of mud-filtrate invasion and experimental results， the damage of drilling， cementing， perforating，acidizing and fracturing were investigated. The damage depth was quantitatively evaluated by log data， based on this， the processing results of reservoir sensitivity were used to analysis quantitatively the damage of reservoir. The productivity prediction and reservoir damage were initiatively incorporated according to well logging， and the precision of productivity prediction was effectively improved. The method of NMR was explored to calculate the fluid viscosity on the basis of reservoir physical method， and the differences between the two methods were compared in the paper. From the theory fluid flow in porous media， various of theoretical models of production prediction were explored and several practical models were consided， such as productivity index method， improved productivity index method， improved Bearder method， SVM and so on. The characteristic and the application scope of these methods were studied. The inflow productivity and outflow productivity were incorporated and nodal analysis method was used to forecast wellhead yield， thus achieved scientifically production. On the applied background of conventional logging suite， the applying of special items or new logging method which is practical in the research area were studied， the logging suite was further optimized， and the precision of forecast was improved. On the basis of the modeling and the calculation of parameters， these methods were verified and analyzed， and the reconstruct principle was also built for block reservoir. The research block was processed by these methods and compared with testing data. Based on above the research， a technological system which is practical for shaly sand profiles in Shengli Oilfield was built. The system can reach commercialized degree，and satisfied the need of exploration and development of the oilfield.

高温高压下榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波速度和衰减的研究

本论文选取了斜长角闪岩和榴辉岩作为实验样品，在压力为1.0-3.0 GPa和温度为室温-1300 ℃的条件下，进行了弹性纵波速度和弹性波衰减的实验研究。实验是在YJ-3000吨压力机上进行的，利用超声脉冲透射的方法，首次获得了在压力大于1.0GPa和温度高于800 ℃的条件下的岩石的声波衰减及其各向异性的实验数据。取得如下主要结论：1．榴辉岩的Vp值随压力的升高而增大，在P < 2.0GPa时，上升的速率较快，表明微裂隙逐渐闭合；当P > 2.0GPa时，上升的速率变慢，且表现出很好的线性趋势，这时测得的纵波速度表明了榴辉岩本征的纵波速度，这与前人的实验结果相同。斜长角闪岩的Vp值随压力的变化与榴辉岩的变化相似，不同的是斜长角闪岩的微裂隙闭合压力为1.5GPa。榴辉岩的Vp的Av_p(％)随压力的升高基本保持不变，而斜长角闪岩的Av_p(％)随压力的升高逐渐增大。2.榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩在1.0-3.0 GPa压力下的Vp值随温度的升高而降低，但Vp值在不同的温度阶段，不同的方向上降低的速率和形式不同。如在1.0GPa压力下，当温度小于500 ℃时，Vp值下降较快，说明温度对纵波速度的影响较小；当T > 500 ℃时，Vp值下降的缓慢，说明榴辉岩内部可能发生了结构和应力状态的变化。斜长角闪岩在升温的初始阶段，Vp缓慢下降，并表现出很好的线性趋势。当T > 647 ℃时，Vp下降的速率增大，线性趋势也较好，当T > 1051 ℃时，Vp下降的速率又变小，且比初始时下降的速率要小。榴辉岩Vp的Av_p(％)值随温度的升高而下降，在不同的压力上其下降的速率不同。如在1.0GPa条件下，Av_p(％)随温度的升高而快速下降；在3.0GPa条件下，Av_p(％)值随温度下降缓慢。而斜长角闪岩的Vp的Av_p(％)随温度的变化较复杂，如在1.0GPa条件下，当T < 647 ℃时，Av_p(％)值随温度的升高缓慢增加，当T > 647 ℃时，Av_p(％)值快速增大，当温度达到922 ℃时，Av_p(％)上升到最大值，此后又随温度而减小。3．榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波的Q值随压力的升高而增大，其增大的速率和幅度与Vp值的增大形式相同。榴辉岩的Q值的A_Q(％)随压力而升高，而斜长角闪岩的Q值的A_Q(％)随压力基本保持不变。4．榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波的Q值随温度的升高而降低，在不同的压力下其降低的速率不同。如在1.0GPa压力下，Q值降低的速率较大；3.0GPa压力下，当T < 300 ℃时，榴辉岩的Q值快速下降，随后下降的幅度减慢，当T > 700 ℃时，榴辉岩的Q值很低，且减小的幅度很小。斜长角闪岩的Q值随温度的变化在1.0-3.0GPa条件下，Q值很小的幅度和趋势相似：当T < 647 ℃时，Q值下降的缓慢，当647 ℃ < T < 1051 ℃时，Q值快速下降，随后下降速率又变小。榴辉岩Q值的A_Q(％)随温度的升高而降低，在1.0和2.0GPa压力下降低较快；3.0GPa压力下A_Q(％)降低较缓慢。斜长角闪岩Q值的A_Q(％)随温度的升高开始缓慢降低，当647 ℃ < T < 105l ℃时，A_Q(％)快速增大，当T > 105l ℃时，A_Q(％)又降低。

Data analysis with artificial immune systems, cluster analysis and kohonen networks: some comparisons.

Neal M J Timmis J and Hunt J. Data analysis with artificial immune systems, cluster analysis and kohonen networks: some comparisons. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference of systems, man and cybernetics, pages 922-927, Tokyo, 1999. IEEE.

Fractional versus decimal pricing: Evidence from the UK Long Gilt futures market

ap Gwilym, Owain, McManus, Ian, and Thomas, Stephen, 'Fractional versus decimal pricing: Evidence from the UK Long Gilt futures market', Journal of Futures Markets (2005) 25(5) pp.419-442 RAE2008

Korespondencja sztuk w dydaktyce szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej. Diagnoza i propozycje

Instytut Filologii Polskiej: Zakład Dydaktyki Literatury i Języka Polskiego

Accommodating curvature in a highly ordered functionalized metal oxide nanofiber: synthesis, characterization and multi-scale modeling of layered nanosheets

A key element in the rational design of hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures, is control of surfactant packing and adsorption onto the inorganic phase in crystal growth and assembly. In layered single crystal nanofibers and bilayered 2D nanosheets of vanadium oxide, we show how the chemisorption of preferred densities of surfactant molecules can direct formation of ordered, curved layers. The atom-scale features of the structures are described using molecular dynamics simulations that quantify surfactant packing effects and confirm the preference for a density of 5 dodecanethiol molecules per 8 vanadium attachment sites in the synthesised structures. This assembly maintains a remarkably well ordered interlayer spacing, even when curved. The assemblies of interdigitated organic bilayers on V2O5 are shown to be sufficiently flexible to tolerate curvature while maintaining a constant interlayer distance without rupture, delamination or cleavage. The accommodation of curvature and invariant structural integrity points to a beneficial role for oxide-directed organic film packing effects in layered architectures such as stacked nanofibers and hybrid 2D nanosheet systems.

Elucidation of hepatitis C virus transmission and early diversification by single genome sequencing.

A precise molecular identification of transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes could illuminate key aspects of transmission biology, immunopathogenesis and natural history. We used single genome sequencing of 2,922 half or quarter genomes from plasma viral RNA to identify transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses in 17 subjects with acute community-acquired HCV infection. Sequences from 13 of 17 acute subjects, but none of 14 chronic controls, exhibited one or more discrete low diversity viral lineages. Sequences within each lineage generally revealed a star-like phylogeny of mutations that coalesced to unambiguous T/F viral genomes. Numbers of transmitted viruses leading to productive clinical infection were estimated to range from 1 to 37 or more (median = 4). Four acutely infected subjects showed a distinctly different pattern of virus diversity that deviated from a star-like phylogeny. In these cases, empirical analysis and mathematical modeling suggested high multiplicity virus transmission from individuals who themselves were acutely infected or had experienced a virus population bottleneck due to antiviral drug therapy. These results provide new quantitative and qualitative insights into HCV transmission, revealing for the first time virus-host interactions that successful vaccines or treatment interventions will need to overcome. Our findings further suggest a novel experimental strategy for identifying full-length T/F genomes for proteome-wide analyses of HCV biology and adaptation to antiviral drug or immune pressures.

Health networks: Actors, professional relationships, and controversies

In recent years international policies have aimed to stimulate the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of health care. Belgium has also been affected by these developments and, for example, health electronic regional networks ("HNs") are established. Thanks to a qualitative case study we have explored the implementation of such innovations (HN) to better understand how health professionals collaborate through the HN and how the HN affect their relationships. Within the HNs studied a common good unites the actors: the continuity of care for a better quality of care. However behind this objective of continuity of care other individual motivations emerge. Some controversies need also to be resolved in order to achieve cooperative relationships. HNs have notably to take national developments into account. These developments raise the question of the control of medical knowledge and medical practice. Professional issues, and not only practical changes, are involved in these innovations. © 2008 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

The forage supply service in the Chaco native forest : an approach to economic analysis

p.37-45

The forage supply service in the Chaco native forest : an approach to economic analysis

p.37-45

Elementos históricos, epistemológicos y didácticos del concepto de función cuadrática

Son muchas las investigaciones que han resaltado la importancia de un conocimiento de la evolución histórica de un concepto matemático en la comprensión de los obstáculos y razonamientos de los estudiantes al interior del aula de clase (Posada & Villa,2006). Con base en este argumento, se presenta en este documento los resultados de una indagación histórica sobre la evolución del concepto de función cuadrática que ofrece al lector algunas pautas que le sean útiles a la hora de diseñar situaciones didácticas que involucren el concepto objeto de este estudio.

Experimental and Modelling Analysis on the Moisture Induced Failures in Flip Chip on Flex Interconnections with Anisotropic Conductive Film

This paper reports the investigations into the moisture induced failures in flip-chip-on-flex interconnections with anisotropic conductive films (ACF). Both experimental and modeling methods were applied. In the experiments, the contact resistance was used as a quality indicator and was measured continuously during the accelerated tests (autoclave tests). The temperature, relative humidity and the pressure were set at 121°C, 100%RH, 1atm respectively. The contact resistance of the ACF joints increased during the tests and nearly 25% of the joints were found to be open after 168 hours' testing time. Visible conduction gaps between the adhesive and substrate pads were observed. Cracks at the adhesive/flex interface were also found. It is believed that the swelling effect of the adhesive and the water penetration along the adhesive/flex interface are the main causes of this contact degradation. Another finding from the experimental work was that the ACF interconnections that had undergone the reflow treatment were more sensitive to the moisture and showed worse reliability during the tests. For a better understanding of the experimental results, 3D finite element (FE) models were built and a macro-micro modeling method was used to determine the moisture diffusion and moisture-induced stresses inside the ACF joints. Modeling results are consistent with the findings in the experimental work.