云南大山包黑颈鹤日间越冬时间分配和活动节律

2006年10月-2007年4月采用瞬时扫描取样法对云南省昭通市大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区内越冬的黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群进行了越冬时间分配和日间活动节律的研究.取食是黑颈鹤越冬期间最主要的行为,占(53.05±4.93)%,其次为警戒(18.75±2.65)%、搜寻00.38±1.34)%和休整(10.32±4.93)%,其余行为依次为:行走(4.901±1.59)%、飞行(1.70±0.38)%、其他(0.55±0.41)%、争斗(0.36_±0.25)%.黑颈鹤的出飞时间与日出时间、飞回时间与日落时间分别具有显著的正相关和负相关关系.越冬期间黑颈鹤日间各时间段(1h)(09:00-18:00)和各月份间(2006.11-2007.03)行为差异极显著(P<0.05),并呈现出上午和下午取食双峰、中午休息高峰的规律性变化.气温高时黑颈鹤增加休整时间减少取食时间;气温低时则减少休整时间增加取食时间.偏相关分析说明:环境温度独立地对越冬时间分配产生影响,湿度通过温度对黑颈鹤越冬时间分配产生相反的影响.

转基因鱼生态风险评价及其对策研究进展

遗传改良的转基因鱼具有许多优良经济性状,但转基因鱼迄今尚未进行商业化养殖,主要原因之一在于对转基因鱼逃逸或放流到自然水体中可能产生的生态风险的担忧.本文以具有快速生长特性的转生长激素(GH)基因鱼为对象,分析了转基因鱼潜在生态风险的实质,简要综述了通过单因子表型与适合度分析、数学模型推演研究转基因鱼生态风险的现状,阐述了利用人工模拟生态系统开展转基因鱼生态风险评价的新思路及最新研究成果,同时评述了采用三倍体途径控制转基因鱼生态风险的策略及原理;在此基础上,提出生态风险评价与生态风险防范策略是转基因鱼育种研

Determination of the surface area of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

A wrap method adaptation combined with AutoCAD2005 and Scion Image for Windows were used to determine the surface area of a fish. Compared with the corresponding r(2) and F of many models, the most accurate formula: S = 752.15W(0.675) (r(2) = 0.999, F = 18362.94, P < 0.0001) for estimating the surface area of common carp was obtained. Similarly, the fin formula: S = 1834.12W(0.708) (r(2) = 0.992, F = 2690.47, P < 0.0001) was also obtained for the same purpose. It was proven that these two formulae gave good estimates of surface and fin areas of four strains of common carp: Yellow-river carp, fancy carp, mirror carp and Xingguo red carp.

Carbon source/sink function of a subtropical, eutrophic lake determined from an overall mass balance and a gas exchange and carbon burial balance

Although studies on carbon burial in lake sediments have shown that lakes are disproportionately important carbon sinks, many studies on gaseous carbon exchange across the water-air interface have demonstrated that lakes are supersaturated with CO2 and CH4 causing a net release of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere. In order to more accurately estimate the net carbon source/sink function of lake ecosystems, a more comprehensive carbon budget is needed, especially for gaseous carbon exchange across the water-air interface. Using two methods, overall mass balance and gas exchange and carbon burial balance, we assessed the carbon source/sink function of Lake Donghu, a subtropical, eutrophic take, from April 2003 to March 2004. With the overall mass balance calculations, total carbon input was 14 905 t, total carbon output was 4950 1, and net carbon budget was +9955 t, suggesting that Lake Donghu was a great carbon sink. For the gas exchange and carbon burial balance, gaseous carbon (CO2 and CH4) emission across the water-air interface totaled 752 t while carbon burial in the lake sediment was 9477 t. The ratio of carbon emission into the atmosphere to carbon burial into the sediment was only 0.08. This low ratio indicates that Lake Donghu is a great carbon sink. Results showed good agreement between the two methods with both showing Lake Donghu to be a great carbon sink. This results from the high primary production of Lake Donghu, substantive allochthonous carbon inputs and intensive anthropogenic activity. Gaseous carbon emission accounted for about 15% of the total carbon output, indicating that the total output would be underestimated without including gaseous carbon exchange. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sorption, degradation and mobility of microcystins in Chinese agriculture soils: Risk assessment for groundwater protection

In the present paper, sorption, persistence, and leaching behavior of three microcystin variants in Chinese agriculture soils were examined. Based on this study, the values of capacity factor and slope for three MCs variants in three soils ranged from 0.69 to 6.00, and 1.01 to 1.54, respectively. The adsorption of MCs in the soils decreased in the following order: RR > Dha(7) LR > LR. Furthermore, for each MC variant in the three soils, the adsorption rate in the soils decreased in the following order: soil A > soil C > soil B. The calculated half-time ranged between 7.9 and 17.8 days for MC-RR, 6.0-17.1 days for MC-LR, and 7.1-10.2 days for MC-Dha(7) LR. Results from leaching experiments demonstrated that recoveries of toxins in leachates ranged from 0-16.7% for RR, 73.2-88.9% for LR, and 8.9-73.1% for Dha 7 LR. The GUS value ranged from 1.48 to 2.06 for RR, 1.82-2.88 for LR, and 1.76-2.09 for Dha(7) LR. Results demonstrated the use of cyanobacterial collections as plant fertilizer is likely to be unsafe in soils. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Suppression of exciton recombination in symmetric GaAs0.7Sb0.3/GaAs/GaAs0.7P0.3 coupled quantum wells induced by an in-plane magnetic field

Suppression of the exciton recombination in GaAs0.7Sb0.3/GaAs/GaAs0.7P0.3 coupled quantum well (CQW) induced by an external magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Unlike the usual electro-Stark effect, the exciton energy dispersion of an exciton is modified by an external in-plane magnetic field, the ground state of the magnetoexciton shifts from a zero in-plane center of mass (CM) momentum to a finite CM momentum, and the Lorentz force induces the spatial separation of electron and hole. Consequently, this effect renders the ground state of magnetoexciton stable against radiative recombination due to momentum conservation. This effect depends sensitively on the thickness and height of GaAs0.7Sb0.3 layer, therefore it could provide us useful infometion about the band alignment of CQW. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

子午岭辽东栎天然林土壤种子库研究

结合野外调查与室内试验对子午岭辽东栎天然林的种群生长状况,枯落层种子库,不同坡位土壤种子库物种组成、数量特征、生活型及其与地上植被的相似性进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:(1)试验萌发鉴定出的幼苗共有24种,隶属于16科,其中多年生草本和落叶灌木物种比例最高,分别占种子库物种总数的58.33%和12.5%;(2)整个子午岭天然辽东栎林土壤种子库总密度为12 761.44粒/m2,种子主要分布在枯枝落叶层和0-2.5 cm土层中,其中,辽东栎种子密度为752.5粒/m2,占整个样地土壤种子库总密度的5.89%,表明辽东栎种子萌发能力很差,该林分群落天然更新缓慢。(3)子午岭天然辽东栎林的下坡位物种多样性指数较其它坡位高,但各个样地物种多样性指数均高于对照;(4)天然辽东栎纯林的种群生长状况良好,树龄均为成年树种;(5)方差分析表明:辽东栎的胸径、地径在不同坡位之间均具有显著性差异(P>0.05);(6)相关分析表明:枯枝落叶层厚度,重量与土壤种子库密度之间具无显著相关性(P<0.05)。

双碳桥联二环戊二烯基酸叔烷基环戊二烯基稀土氯化物的合成与表征

6.6-二甲基富烯与金属镁、CCl_4在THF中还原偶联可产生双碳桥联二环戊二烯基氯化镁，[C_5H_4C(CH_3)_2C(CH_3)_2C_5H_4]Mg_2·Cl_2·4THF。该化合物与无水氯化稀土反应可产生双碳桥联二环戊二烯基稀土氯化物；（I）（II）两类化合物经元素分析，热失重分析，红外光谱，核磁共振谱、电子能谱、水解产物的质谱，核磁共振谱分析及（I）类化合物中镱的络合物的晶体结构分析确定了该化合物的组成及结构。采用低温技术，用Nicolet R_3M/E型四园衍射仪，LT-1低温装置收集衍射数据。并用重原子法解出结构，块矩阵最小二乘法修正。R = 0.0507, R_w = 0.0530。晶体[C_5H_4C(CH_3)_2C(CH_3)_2 C_5H_4]TbClMg_2Cl_4·7THF属三斜晶系，PT空间群，a = 16.911A, b = 13.208A, c = 13.772A, α = 116.52°,β = 111.30°, γ = 87.61°, V = 2549.02A~3, M = 1116.1，晶胞中含2份化学式量，D_C = 1.45g／cm~3, μ = 22.6cm~(-1)(Mokα)。晶体结构分析表明，该化合物为一离子对型络合物，络阴离子的结构为桥联二环戊二烯为－螯含配体，该配体的二个环戊二烯基和两个Cl~-离子与Yb~(+3)离子络合成四面体构型。每个环戊二烯基均以η~5和Yb~(+3)离子成键。该螯合物具有一定的张力。两个桥碳原子及与桥碳原子相连的环戊二烯基环上的碳原子的键角较正常的碳正碳面面体角扩张了约5°。另一THF分子为填隙分子。该离子为两个共用三个氯顶点的变形八面体。两个镁以三重氯桥键相连。这种三重氯镁桥键是首次发现。氯镁核键基本保持离子键的特征，其氯镁键长与氯镁的无机盐键长极为相近。Yb~(+3)离子的配位数与8，Mg~(+2)离子的配位数为6。6，6-二甲基高烯与苯基理在1：1的乙醚，汽油溶剂的中0 ℃反应产生一个叔烷基取代环戊二烯基锂。该锂盐与无水氯化钙反应可产生取代环戊二烯基氯化钙；该化合物的组成已为元素分析，热重分析，红外光谱核磁共振氢谱及水解产物质谱，核磁共振氢谱所证实。红外光谱中700、752、1470、1500、1600cm~(-1)吸收峰示有苯环存在，1360，1380cm~(-1)示有谐二甲基，1025cm~(-1)示有取代环戊二烯基。产物的核磁共振氢谱的化学位移值为：7.21ppm示有苯环，6.13，6.30ppm示有环戊二烯基。1.53ppm为甲基上的氢的化学位移值。