Chronic versus acute ingestion of sodium citrate: a randomized placebo controlled cross-over trial for swimming 200 metres in well-trained swimmers age 13-17

A double-blinded, placebo controlled, cross-over design was used to investigate sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-CIT) supplementation improve 200m swimming performance. Ten well-trained, male swimmers (14.9 ± 0.4y; 63.5 ± 4kg) performed four 200m time trials: acute (ACU) supplementation (0.5g/kg), acute placebo (PLC-A), chronic (CHR) (0.1g/kg for 3 days and 0.3g/kg on the 4th day pre-trial), and chronic placebo (PLC-C). Na-CIT was administered 120min pre-trial in solution with 500mL of flavored water; placebo was flavored water. Blood lactate, base excess (BE), bicarbonate, pH, and PCO2 were analyzed at basal, 100min post-ingestion, and 3min post-trial via finger prick. Time, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion were not different between trials. BE and bicarbonate were significantly higher for the ACU and CHR trials compared to placebo. “Responders” improved by 1.03% (P=0.043) and attained significantly higher post-trial lactate concentrations in the ACU versus PLC-A trials and compared to non-responders in the ACU and CHR trials.

Avantages comparatifs et évolutions de l'emploi manufacturier entre 1980 et 200. Le cas de l'Italie, l'Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne et la France.

Rapport de recherche

Macrobenthosof the cotinental margin(200-1000 m) of South Eastern Arabian Sea with special reference to Polychaetes

This thesis Entitled macrobenthos of the continental margin (200-1000m) of south eastern arabian sea with special reference to polychaetes. The continental margins are geologically complex and hydrodynamically active regions of the ocean, where vital biogeochemical processes take place from a global perspective. The Eastern Arabian Sea is one of the most productive regions of the world, and as a result, vast amount of organic matter is supplied to the sub surface waters and sea bed of the Arabian Sea. In this study, data on faunal abundance, standing crop and faunal composition, together with sedimentary and environmental parameters were collected from three depths (200m, 500m & 1000m) in nine bathymetric transects along the South Eastern Arabian Sea (from Cape Comorin to Karwar) during three surveys. In the present study, five textural classes of sediments were identified from the SEAS margin, viz. sand, silty sand, sandy silt, clayey silt and admixture of sand, silt and clay. The composition of sand was higher in the southern region and decreased progressively towards the north. On the shelf edge and upper slope regions in the south (Cape to Kollam) in particular, sandy sediments dominated .

Análisis de la implementación de las políticas y lineamientos ambientales de los acuerdos bilaterales de las petroleras canadienses en Colombia. Periodo 200-2011

Las petroleras canadienses han mantenido un novel de compromiso parcial frente a las políticas y lineamientos ambientales establecidos por 4 actores en el territorio colombiano, teniendo en cuenta que canada exporta una idea de cooperación internacional y reglas transparentes.

Antropolog??a y educaci??n. El ser humano como producto de la evoluci??n y su pertenencia al mundo de la vida en el 150 aniversario de la obra de Darwin y en el 200 aniversario de su nacimiento

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Juegos de expresión dramática : + de 200 propuestas para expresarse y comunicar en la escuela.

Guía de juegos para realizar en la Escuela y en el ámbito extraescolar. Es de utilidad para el profesorado en general y, en especial, para profesores de Lengua, Dramatización, Teatro, Música y Educación Física, así como para monitores, animadores o estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación y grupos de teatro. La obra se presenta en fichas que muestran cada juego en una página, haciendo de ella una herramienta de fácil utilización por enseñantes interesados en organizar talleres de expresión. Se divide en cinco bloques, con dieciséis categorías de juegos generadas por objetivos didácticos: juegos para empezar grupos, de iniciación, que pretenden la integración grupal y la implicación en la tarea; juegos para iniciar sesiones (de calentamiento e imitación); juegos para expresar (corporales, de pantomima, etc.); juegos para dramatizar y juegos para terminar (relajación y evaluación).

2.200 millones de pesetas se destinaron en 1964 para becas del fondo del PIO : labor de la Delegación Provincial de Protección Escolar de Madrid.

Se aportan una serie de detalles acerca de los criterios utilizados a la hora de conceder las becas durante el año 1964, del proceso de selección de becarios, sobre la falta de conciencia social de algunos solicitantes, la actitud y profesión de los candidatos que no obtienen beca a la hora de reclamar, falsedades, la colaboración de los centros de enseñanza donde han estudiado los solicitantes, la situación económica de los solicitantes y la tardanza en la tramitación administrativa como uno de los fallos destacados de la Delegación Provincial de Madrid.

Juan Ramón Jiménez en el cincuentenario de la concesión del Nobel (1958-2008) : 200 preguntas sobre su obra y su vida.

Se presenta un cuestionario de 200 preguntas sobre la producción literaria de Juan Ramón Jiménez, asícomo también de su vida. Esta recopilación de preguntas tipo test, cada una de ellas con cuatro opciones de respuesta, es una actividad destinada al estudio de la figura del autor y puede ser utilizado por los profesores de literatura.

IES Har??a, un proyecto : Desaf??o 200

Bibliograf??a al final del art??culo

Reply to "Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sed. Geol. 200 (2007) 155-165" by Paul J. Hearty and Storrs L. Olson

Our recent paper [McMurtry, G.M., Tappin, D.R., Sedwick, P.N., Wilkinson, I., Fietzkc, J. and Sellwood, B., 2007a. Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami. Sedimentary Geol. 200, 155-165.] critically re-examined elevated marine deposits in Bermuda, and concluded that their geological setting, sedimentary relations, micropetrography and microfaunal assemblages were inconsistent with sustained intertidal deposition. Instead, we hypothesized that these deposits were the result of a large tsunami that impacted the Bermuda island platform during the mid-Pleistocene. Hearty and Olson [Hearty, P.J., and Olson, S.L., in press. Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sedimentary Geology, 200, 155-165, 2007 (Aug. 07). Sedimentary Geol. 200, 155-165.] in their response, attempt to refute our conclusions and claim the deposits to be the result of a +21 m eustatic sea level highstand during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11. In our reply we answer the issues raised by Hearty and Olson [Hearty, P.J., and Olson, S.L., in press. Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. "Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami": Sedimentary Geology, 200, 155-165, 2007 (Aug. 07). Sedimentary Geol. 200,155-165.] and conclude that the Bermuda deposits do not provide unequivocal evidence of a prolonged +21 m eustatic sea level highstand. Rather, the sediments are more likely the result of a past megatsunami in the North Atlantic basin. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exposing the myth of the 1:5:200 ratio relating initial cost, maintenance and staffing costs of office buildings

In an attempt to focus clients' minds on the importance of considering the construction and maintenance costs of a commercial office building (both as a factor in staff productivity and as a fraction of lifetime staff costs) there is an often-quoted ratio of costs of 1:5:200, where for every one pound spent on construction cost, five are spent on maintenance and building operating costs and 200 on staffing and business operating costs. This seems to stem from a paper published by the Royal Academy of Engineering, in which no data is given and no derivation or defence of the ratio appears. The accompanying belief that higher quality design and construction increases staff productivity, and simultaneously reduces maintenance costs, how ever laudable, appears unsupported by research, and carries all the hallmarks of an "urban myth". In tracking down data about real buildings, a more realistic ratio appears to depend on a huge variety of variables, as well as the definition of the number of "lifetime" years. The ill-defined origins of the original ratio (1:5:200) describing these variables have made replication impossible. However, by using published sources of data, we have found that for three office buildings, a more realistic ratio is 1:0.4:12. As there is nothing in the public domain about what comprised the original research that gave rise to 1:5:200, it is not possible to make a true comparison between these new calculations and the originals. Clients and construction professionals stand to be misled because the popularity and widespread use of the wrong ratio appears to be mis-informing important investment and policy decisions.

Preliminary results on the non-thermal effects of 200-350 GHz radiation on the growth rate of S. cerevisiae cells in microcolonies

We report preliminary results from studies of biological effects induced by non-thermal levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells grown on dry media were exposed to electromagnetic fields in the 200–350 GHz frequency range at low power density to observe possible non-thermal effects on the microcolony growth. Exposure to the electromagnetic field was conducted over 2.5 h. The data from exposure and control experiments were grouped into either large-, medium- or small-sized microcolonies to assist in the accurate assessment of growth. The three groups showed significant differences in growth between exposed and control microcolonies. A statistically significant enhanced growth rate was observed at 341 GHz. Growth rate was assessed every 30 min via time-lapse photography. Possible interaction mechanisms are discussed, taking into account Frohlich's hypothesis.