Expression and prognostic influence of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in non-small cell lung cancer

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases that digest the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overexpression of different MMPs has been shown to promote tumour cell invasion in vitro. Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are specific inhibitors of MMPs that also possess growth-promoting properties. Aims To analyse the expression profile of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess the impact of expression on survival. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent resection for stage I-IIIa NSCLC with a post-operative survival >60 days. Patient follow up was a minimum of 2 years. Standard ABC immunohistochemistry was performed on 4μm paraffin-embedded sections from the tumour periphery using monoclonal antibodies to MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. Results The results of the immunohistochemistry are set out below. marker tumour expression log-rank survival stromal expression log-rank survival MMP-2 9/72 (13%) p=0.10 34/72 (47%) p=0.34 MMP-9 79/152 (52%) p=0.04* 69/152 (45%) p=0.84 TIMP-2 28/90 (31%) p=0.04* 66/90 (73%) p=0.90 Two or more 16/59 (27%) p=0.007* There were no associations between expression and clinicopathological findings for any tumour marker. There was co-expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumour cells (p=0.01). Conclusions MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 are expressed in NSCLC. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 tumour expression correlate with a poor outcome (both p=0.04) and are potential prognostic markers for NSCLC. Cumulative expression of two or more MMPs/TIMPs may also have increased prognostic significance. Proteases and their inhibitors are novel targets for therapeutic intervention and should be evaluated in NSCLC.

Pre-column derivatization of amines with 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-isopropyl chloroformate followed by LC-fluorescence and LC-APCI-MS

A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of amines using the labeling reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-isopropyl chloroformate (BCIC-Cl) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed. Identification of derivatives is carried out by high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-APCl-MS-MS). The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent is replaced by 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-isopropyl functional group, which results in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent BCIC-Cl. BCIC-Cl can easily and quickly label amines. Derivatives are stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and show an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [MH](+) under APCl in positive-ion mode. The collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecular ion formed a product at m/z 260 corresponding to the cleavage of CH2-OCO bond. Studies on derivatization demonstrate excellent derivative yields over the pH 9.0-10.0. Maximal yields close to 100% are observed with a 3 to 4-fold molar reagent excess. In addition, the detection responses for BCIC derivatives are compared with those obtained using CEOC and FMOC as derivatization reagents. The ratios of l(BCIC)/l(CEOC) and l(BCIC)/l(FMOC) are, respectively, 1.23-3.14 and 1.25-3.08 for fluorescent (FL) responses (here, l is relative fluorescence intensity). Separation of the derivatized amines had been optimized on reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C-8 column. Detection limits are calculated from 1.0 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, are 10.6-37.8 fmol. The mean interday accuracy ranges from 94 to 105% for fluorescence detection with the largest mean %CV < 7.5. The mean interday precision for all standards is < 6.0% of the expected concentration. Excellent linear responses are observed with coefficients of > 0.9997.

Development of a sensitive fluorescent derivatization reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) and its application for determination of amino acids from seeds and bryophyte plants using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and identification with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of amino acids and peptides using the tagging reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed. Identification of derivatives was carried out by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent was replaced by 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole functional group, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent BCEOC. BCEOC can easily and quickly label peptides and amino acids. Derivatives are stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z (M + H)(+) under electrospray ionization (ESI) positive-ion mode with an exception being Tyr detected at negative mode. The collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecular ion formed a product at m/z 246.2 corresponding to the cleavage of C-O bond of BCEOC molecule. Studies on derivatization demonstrate excellent derivative yields over the pH 9.0-10.0. Maximal yields close to 100% are observed with a 3-4-fold molar reagent excess. Derivatives exhibit strong fluorescence and extracted detzvatization solution with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1, v/v) allows for the direct injection with no significant interference from the major fluorescent reagent degradation by-products, such as 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethanol (BDC-OH) (a major by-product), mono- 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl carbonate (BCEOC-OH) and bis-(1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl) carbonate (BCEOC)(2). In addition, the detection responses for BCEOC derivatives are compared to those obtained with previously synthesized 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) in our laboratory. The ratios AC(BCEOC)/AC(CEOC) = 2.05-6.51 for fluorescence responses are observed (here, AC is relative fluorescence response). Separation of the derivatized peptides and amino acids had been optimized on Hypersil BDS C-18 column. Detection limits were calculated from 1.0 pmol injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and were 6.3 (Lys)-177.6 (His) fmol. The mean interday accuracy ranged from 92 to 106% for fluorescence detection with mean %CV < 7.5. The mean interday precision for all standards was < 10% of the expected concentration. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of > 0.9999. Good compositional data could be obtained from the analysis of derivatized protein hydrolysates containing as little as 50.5 ng of sample. Therefore, the facile BCEOC derivatization coupled with mass spectrometry allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis of trace levels of amino acids and peptides from biological and natural environmental samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Caracterização histoquímica do colágeno e expressão de MMP-2, MMP-9 e TIMP-1 nas endometrites crônicas das éguas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 of tubular and macrophage origin contributes to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis via macrophage recruitment through osteopontin cleavage

A pro-fibrotic role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is well established in renal fibrosis; however studies from our group and others have demonstrated some previously unrecognized complexity of MMP-9 that has been overlooked in renal fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern, origin and the exact mechanism underlying the contribution of MMP-9 to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-established model of renal fibrosis via MMP-9 inhibition. Renal MMP-9 expression in BALB/c mice with UUO was examined on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14. To inhibit MMP-9 activity, MMP-2/9 inhibitor or MMP-9-neutralizing antibody was administered daily for 4 consecutive days from day 0-3, 6-9 or 10-13 and tissues harvested at day 14. In UUO, there was a bi-phasic early- and late-stage upregulation of MMP-9 activity. Interestingly, tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were the predominant source of MMP-9 during early stage, whereas TECs, macrophages and myofibroblasts produced MMP-9 during late-stage UUO. Early- and late-stage inhibition of MMP-9 in UUO mice significantly reduced tubular cell EMT and renal fibrosis. Moreover, MMP-9 inhibition caused a significant reduction in MMP-9-cleaved osteopontin and macrophage infiltration in UUO kidney. Our in vitro study showed MMP-9-cleaved osteopontin enhanced macrophage transwell migration and MMP-9 of both primary TEC and macrophage induced tubular cell EMT. In summary, our result suggests that MMP-9 of both TEC and macrophage origin may directly or indirectly contribute to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis via osteopontin cleavage, which, in turn further recruit macrophage and induce tubular cell EMT. Our study also highlights the time dependency of its expression and the potential of stage-specific inhibition strategy against renal fibrosis.

Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes

Metformin is the most commonly used pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes. We report a genome-wide association study for glycemic response to metformin in 1,024 Scottish individuals with type 2 diabetes with replication in two cohorts including 1,783 Scottish individuals and 1,113 individuals from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. In a combined meta-analysis, we identified a SNP, rs11212617, associated with treatment success (n = 3,920, P = 2.9 P×-9, odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.49) at a locus containing ATM, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. In a rat hepatoma cell line, inhibition of ATM with KU-55933 attenuated the phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in response to metformin. We conclude that ATM, a gene known to be involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control, plays a role in the effect of metformin upstream of AMP-activated protein kinase, and variation in this gene alters glycemic response to metformin. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

Studies in metal-ammonia reduction. Part 4. Reduction and reductive methylation of 7-methoxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthren-1(2H)-one and 7-methoxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthren-4(3H)-one

Birch reduction and reductive methylations of the title compounds have been investigated. 7-Methoxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthren-1(2H)-one (2) yields the cis-3,4,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-derivative (15) while the 7-methoxy-1,2-dihydrophenanthren-4(3H)-one (5) is reduced to the corresponding 1,2,9,10-tetrahydro-derivative (7). The factors influencing the mechanism of the reduction process have been discussed. The reductive methylation products of the ketone (2) are useful substrates in the synthesis of 9-methyl steroids.

Organometallic Chemistry of Diphosphazanes. 11. Reactions of fac-[Mo(CO)3(MeCN){.eta.2-Ph2PN(Pri)PPh(DMP)}] (DMP = 3,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrazolyl) with Diphosphazanes and Diphosphinoalkanes and Oxidative Addition with Iodine

The use of fac-[Mo(CO)(3)(MeCN)(eta(2)-L(1))] (1a) {L(1) = Ph(2)PN(Pr-i)PPh(DMP)}(2) as a precursor to metalloligands and bimetallic, heterotrimetallic, and heptacoordinated complexes is reported. The reaction of 1a with diphosphazane, dppa, or a diphosphinoalkane such as dppm or dppe yields the fac-eta(1)-diphosphine substituted metalloligands, fac-[Mo(CO)(3)(eta(2)-L(1))(eta(1)-PXP)] {PXP = dppa (2), dppm (3), and dppe (4)}. These undergo isomerization to yield the corresponding mer-diphosphine complexes (5-7). Oxidation of the uncoordinated phosphorus atom of the mer-eta(1)-dppm-substituted complex eventually provides mer-[Mo(CO)(3)-(eta(2)-L(1)){eta(1)-Ph(2)PCH(2)P(O)Ph(2)}](8). The structure of the latter complex has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction {triclinic system, P ($) over bar 1; a = 11.994(3), b = 14.807(2), c = 15.855(3) Angstrom; alpha = 114.24(1), beta = 91.35(2), and gamma = 98.95(1)degrees; Z = 2, 4014 data (F-0 > 5 sigma(F-0)), R = 0.066, R(W) = 0.069}. Treatment of the dppe metalloligand 7 with [PtCl2(COD)] yields the heterotrimetallic complex cis-[PtCl2{mer-[Mo(CO)(3)(eta(2)-L(1))(eta(1)-dppe]}(2)] (9). Attempts to prepare a related trimetallic complex with the dppm-containing metalloligand were unsuccessful; only the tetracarbonyl complex cis-[Mo(CO)(4)(eta(2)-L(1))] (1b) and cis-[PtCl2(eta(2)-dppm)] were obtained. Reaction of la with dppe in the ratio 2:1 yields the mer-mer dinuclear complex [{mer-[Mo(CO)(3)(eta(2)-L(1))]}(2)(mu-dppe)] (10) bridged by dppe. Oxidation of 1a with iodine yields the Mo(II) heptacoordinated complex [MoI2(CO)(2)(eta(3)-L(1))] (11) with tridentate PPN coordination. The same Mo(II) complex 11 is also obtained by the direct oxidation of the tetracarbonyl complex cis-[Mo(CO)(4)(eta(2)-L(1))] (1b) with iodine. The structure of 11 has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies {monoclinic system, Cc; a = 10.471(2), b = 19.305(3), c = 17.325(3) Angstrom; beta = 95.47(2)degrees; Z = 4, 3153 data (F-0 > 5 sigma(F-0)), R = 0.049, R(W) = 0.051}. This complex exhibits an unusual capped-trigonal prismatic geometry around the metal. A similar heptacoordinated complex 12 with a chiral diphosphazane ligand {L(3) = (S,R)-P(h)2PN-(*CHMePh)*PPh(DMP)} has also been synthesized.

Oxidative addition of tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone to lambda(3)-cyclotriphosphazanes. An unusual ring contraction-rearrangement

The lambda(3)-cyclotriphosphazanes, [EtNP(OR)](3) [R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (1), 4-BrC6H4 (2), or CH2CF3(3)], on treatment with tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (TCB) give the lambda(5)-cyclodiphosphazanes, [EtNP(O2C6Cl4)(OR)][EtNP(O2C6Cl4){N(Et)P(OR)(2)}] (5-7) by an unusual ring contraction-rearrangement. The reaction of the mixed substituent lambda(3)-cyclotriphosphazane, [(EtN)(3)P-3(OR)(2)(OR')] [R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, R' = 4-BrC6H4] (4), with TCB gives the lambda(5)-cyclodiphosphazane, [EtNP(O2C6Cl4)(OR')][EtNP(O2C6Cl4){N(Et)P(OR)(2)}] (8), in which 4-bromophenoxide resides on one of the ring phosphorus atoms. The lambda(3)-bicyclic tetraphosphapentazane, (EtN)(5)P-4(OPh)(2), on treatment with TCB undergoes a double ring contraction-rearrangement to give the lambda(5)-cyclodiphosphazane, (EtN)[(EtN)(2)P-2(O2C6Cl4)(2)(OPh)](2) (9). Variable-temperature and high-field P-31 NMR studies indicate the presence of more than one isomer in solution for the rearranged products 5-9. The solid state structure of 8 reveals a trans arrangement of the substituents with respect to the P2N2 ring in contrast to the gauche arrangement observed for 5.

Ternary copper(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazones and heterocyclic bases showing N3OS coordination as models for the type-2 centers of copper monooxygenases

Six ternary copper(II) complexes of general formulation [CuLB] (1-6), where L is dianionic ONS-donor thiosemicarbazones derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde with thiosemicarbazides and B is NN-donor heterocyclic bases like 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, are prepared from a reaction of copper(II) acetate hydrate with the heterocyclic base (B) and the thiosemicarbazone (H2L) in MeOH, and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. Crystal structures of the complexes display a distorted square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry having the ONS-donor thiosemicarbazone bonded at the basal plane. The chelating heterocyclic bases exhibit axial-equatorial mode of bonding. The complexes are one-electron paramagnetic and they show axial X-band EPR spectra in DMF-toluene glass at 77 K giving g(parallel to)(A(parallel to)) and g(perpendicular to) values of similar to2.2 (175 x 10(-4) cm(-1)) and similar to2.0 indicating a {d(x2-y2)}(1) ground state. The complexes show a d-d band near 570 nm and a charge transfer band near 400 nm in DMF. The complexes are redox active and exhibit a quasireversible Cu(II)-Cu(I) couple in DMF-0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate near 0.1 V vs. SCE. They are catalytically active in the oxidation of ascorbic acid in presence of dioxygen. The complexes with a CuN3OS coordination model the ascorbate oxidation property of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and peptidylglycine a-hydroxylating monooxygeanase. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Judd-Ofelt analysis of spectra and experimental evaluation of laser performance of Tm3+ doped Lu2SiO5 crystal

This paper reports that the TM3+:Lu2SiO5 (Tm:LSO) crystal is grown by Czochralski technique. The room-temperature absorption spectra of Tm:LSO crystal are measured on a b-cut sample with 4 at.% thulium. According to the obtained Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(2)=9.3155 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4)=8.4103 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(6)=1.5908 x 10(-20) cm(2), the fluorescence lifetime is calculated to be 2.03 ms for F-3(4) -> H-3(6) transition, and the integrated emission cross section is 5.81 x 10(-18) cm(2). Room-temperature laser action near 2 mu m under diode pumping is experimentally evaluated in Tm:LSO. An optical-optical conversion efficiency of 9.1% and a slope efficiency of 16.2% are obtained with continuous-wave maximum output power of 0.67 W. The emission wavelengths of Tm:LSO laser are centred around 2.06 mu m with spectral bandwidth of similar to 13.6 nm.

中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究——Ⅸ.鳊亚科9种鱼和鲴亚科1种鱼的染色体组型

<正> 我们曾报道过分布于湖北省的鳊、鲴亚科鱼类的核型。本文继续报道采自四川和广东省的鳊、鲴亚科另10种鱼的核型考察结果。材料和方法四川半(歺又鱼)由于采集困难,仅分析了一尾雄鱼。其余9种鱼均分析了3—5尾,包括雌雄两种性别(表1)。染色体标本的制备采用体外短期培养肾细胞制片法(采自四川的鱼),或肾细胞直接制片法(采自广东的鱼)。根据我们实验室以前的工作,两种方法的核型分析结果基本上一致。每种鱼计数60—170个细胞确定其2n数。染色体分组按Levan氏的标准,核型分析方法和臂数计算均同以前的报道。核型图

卤化物基质中3m~(2+)离子光谱性质的研究

3m~(2+)离子在红区和红外区可以产生4f~6组态内的f-f跃迁锐线发射和d-f跃迁宽带发射。在某些基质中，这两种跃迁形式可以同时存在。由于d-f跃迁是原于宇称允许的跃迁，所以其发射强度要比4f~n组态内的f-f跃迁强得多。这可以保证对泵浦的有效吸收，提高光泵效率。而4f~n组态内部的f-f跃迁可以实现激光振荡，有利于提高储能降低阈值。所以研究3m~(2+)离子的光谱性质及其影响因素对于寻找和设计新的激光和发光材料有着重要意义。近年来，低价稀大离子的价态问题一直是人们力求探讨的问题，3m~(2+)离子具有极强的还原性和不稳定性，因此关于它的价态研究更具有特殊的意义。本论文采用了几种较简单的方法合成了三十种掺杂3m~(2+)离子的磷光体，分别经x－射线。荧光光谱等实验证实。其中有二十种未见过文献报道。在BaMgF_4:3m~(2+)等十七种体等中研究了基质格位的对称性，对于3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁性质的影响。如果3m~(2+)离子占据其质中有反演对称中心的点群位置，只有f－f磁偶极跃迁是可能的。这时，~5Do→~7F_1发射线最强。如果3m~(2+)离子占据基质中无反演对称中心的点群位置，f－f磁偶极跃迁和受迫电偶极跃迁都是可能的，这时~5Do→~7Fo发射线最强。在KMgF_3:3m~(2+)等四种体系中研究了电荷补偿效应对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁性质的影响。如果3m~(2+)离子取代基质中的一价阳离子，电荷补偿效应使3m~(2+)离子的局部对称性降低，结果f－f跃迁发射线增多。在NaMgF_4:3m~(2+)体系中研究了基质晶体构形变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃进性质的影响。NaMgF_3:3m~(2+)由立方相变为正多相时，3m~(2+)离子的点对称性降低，结果出现了~5Do→~7F_3、~5Do→~7F_4两组新线。讨论了晶场强度和化学键性质对于3m~(2+)离子跃迁形式的影响。在有小半径或高正电荷阳离子作为中间阳离子的复合氟化物体系中，3m~(2+)离子周围的晶场变弱，3m－F的共价性降低，结果不能产生d-f跃宽带发射，只能产生f－f跃迁锐线发射。在某些共价性较强的碱金属卤化物和碱S金属卤化物基质中，3m~(2+)离子受到较强的共价作用，这种作用产生主影响，结果能够产生3m~(2+)离子的d-f跃迁宽带发射。在KxNo_1-xMgF_3:3m~(2+)、KMgF_3-xClx:3m~(2+)、KMgF_(2.9)*0.1:3m~(2+) (X=F、Cl、Br、I)三种体系中研究了基质组成变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度的影响。在形成化合物或固熔体的条件下，基质组成变化如果导致了3m~(2+)离子对称性降低，3m~(2+)离子的f－f跃迁发射就增强。和阳离子组成的变化相比，阳离子变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度影响更大。和正交体等相比，立方体系中基质组成变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度的影响更大。在BaCl_2:3m~(2+)等六种体系中讨论了激活剂浓度变化对3m~(2+)离子发射强度的影响。3m~(2+)离子浓度萃取的临界值一般在0.02mol左右，在临界浓度为，随激活剂浓度的增加，3m~(2+)离子的发射强度增大。研究了高温分解3mF_3法制备KMgF_3:3m~(2+)过程中3m(III)→3m(II)的价态转变。由于基质反应的存在，产生了某些局部化学因素，有利于3mF_3的分解，实现了3m(III)→3m(II)的价态转化。在某些复合氟化物和碱S金属氟卤化体系中研究了基质结构因素对于3m~(2+)离子价态的影响。得出了稳定3m~(2+)离子的基质条件为：①基质中含有半径接近3m~(2+)离子的一价或二价阳离子② 复合基质的形成速度要快。找出了KMgF_3、NaMgF_3、BaClF、BaBrF等四种特别能够稳定3m~(2+)离子的基质。在MLnFs(M=Ca Sr Ba Ln=La Crd)考定了几种合成方法对于3m(III)→3m(II)价态转化的影响，其中3m粉还原法为最佳方法。

1、喜树碱类衍生物抗HIV构效关系与作用机制研究2、HIV/AIDS患者疱疹病毒感染状况及性病患者的HIV感染状况分析

1、喜树碱类衍生物抗HIV构效关系与作用机制研究 喜树碱为传统的抗肿瘤药物。本研究对经过化学结构修饰的喜树碱类衍生物进行抗HIV活性及作用机制的研究，并初步探讨了其抗HIV构效关系。 我们对喜树碱类衍生物A系列化合物A1(喜树碱)、A2(10-羟基喜树碱)及A3(7-羟基喜树碱)进行了抗HIV活性检测。化合物A1和A3有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性，化合物A2没有显示抗HIV活性。表明化合物A1的C-10位上-OH基团修饰可能会降低抗HIV活性，化合物A1的C-7位上-CH2OH基团修饰和C-20位-CH3缺失可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物A3和A1的抗HIV机制研究发现：二者对整合酶有一定的结合活性，对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB 和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合，对重组的HIV-1蛋白酶和逆转录酶没有抑制活性。化合物A1和A3不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9和Jurkat细胞系的作用。进一步进行化合物A3诱导 H9和H9/HIV-1ⅢB、Jurkat和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB的凋亡实验显示，化合物A3诱导感染HIV-1ⅢB和未感染病毒细胞的凋亡没有选择性。据此我们初步认为化合物A3和A1的抗HIV作用可能与抑制整合酶活性有关，该化合物可能还作用于其它靶点。 喜树碱类衍生物B系列中化合物B1为20(S)-O - [-O-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基哌啶-4'-丁二酸)]-20-喜树碱酯，化合物B2为20(S)-O - [-N-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基-1',2',5',6'-四氢吡啶酰胺)-4'-丙氨酸)]-20-喜树碱酯)。我们对化合物B1和B2进行了抗HIV活性检测。结果显示：化合物B2有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-21、喜树碱类衍生物抗HIV构效关系与作用机制研究 喜树碱为传统的抗肿瘤药物。本研究对经过化学结构修饰的喜树碱类衍生物进行抗HIV活性及作用机制的研究，并初步探讨了其抗HIV构效关系。 我们对喜树碱类衍生物A系列化合物A1(喜树碱)、A2(10-羟基喜树碱)及A3(7-羟基喜树碱)进行了抗HIV活性检测。化合物A1和A3有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性，化合物A2没有显示抗HIV活性。表明化合物A1的C-10位上-OH基团修饰可能会降低抗HIV活性，化合物A1的C-7位上-CH2OH基团修饰和C-20位-CH3缺失可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物A3和A1的抗HIV机制研究发现：二者对整合酶有一定的结合活性，对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB 和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合，对重组的HIV-1蛋白酶和逆转录酶没有抑制活性。化合物A1和A3不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9和Jurkat细胞系的作用。进一步进行化合物A3诱导 H9和H9/HIV-1ⅢB、Jurkat和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB的凋亡实验显示，化合物A3诱导感染HIV-1ⅢB和未感染病毒细胞的凋亡没有选择性。据此我们初步认为化合物A3和A1的抗HIV作用可能与抑制整合酶活性有关，该化合物可能还作用于其它靶点。 喜树碱类衍生物B系列中化合物B1为20(S)-O - [-O-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基哌啶-4'-丁二酸)]-20-喜树碱酯，化合物B2为20(S)-O - [-N-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基-1',2',5',6'-四氢吡啶酰胺)-4'-丙氨酸)]-20-喜树碱酯)。我们对化合物B1和B2进行了抗HIV活性检测。结果显示：化合物B2有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性，而化合物B1的抗HIV活性差。表明化合物B1的C-4’位-CH2被-NH取代，同时C-3’位-CH3修饰可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物B2的抗HIV机制研究发现，化合物B2对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合，对HIV-1蛋白酶、重组的HIV-1逆转录酶及整合酶没有抑制活性。化合物B2不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9细胞系的作用。化合物B2抗HIV的作用机制还需进一步研究。 2、HIV/AIDS患者疱疹病毒感染状况及性病患者的HIV感染状况分析 疱疹病毒是AIDS患者合并感染的常见病原体。引起人类疾病的8种疱疹病毒与HIV感染及AIDS进展、机会性感染、恶性肿瘤密切相关。为了解HIV/AIDS患者人类8型疱疹病毒感染状况，我们检测了30例AIDS患者、40例HIV携带者及70例正常对照的液标本中8型疱疹病毒感染状况。采用ELISA法检测单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)和巨细胞病毒(CMV)；采用PCR法检测EB病毒(EBV)、疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)、疱疹病毒7型(HHV-7)及疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)。结果显示，HIV/AIDS患者中HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV、CMV、HHV-6、HHV-8 阳性率均高于健康体检者，其中AIDS患者VZV感染率与HIV携带者有显著性差异；在AIDS患者中多种疱疹病毒共感染普遍存在，必须重视HIV/AIDS患者合并疱疹病毒感染的防治。 性病可促进HIV的传播，了解性病患者的HIV感染状况及临床特征具有重要的意义。在自愿接受HIV咨询检测的基础上，对临床确诊的412例性病患者进行HIV-1/2抗体检测，并对其临床特征进行分析研究。结果显示412例性病患者的HIV检出率为2.9%。性病患者中检出HIV阳性率依次为：尖锐湿疣(6.2%)、生殖器疱疹(4.2%)、梅毒(3.4%)、淋病(1.5%)及非淋菌性尿道炎(1.0%)。83.3%合并感染HIV的性病患者存在多性伴，商业性行为普遍存在，安全套使用率极低现象。感染HIV的尖锐湿疣及生殖器疱疹患者以频繁复发为突出表现，1例合并感染HIV的梅毒患者半年即进展为神经梅毒。性病患者是HIV感染的重要高危人群，危险性行为是其感染HIV和其它性病的主要原因，应该加强性病患者的HIV检测。对临床上频繁复发的尖锐湿疣及生殖器疱疹患者、快速进展的梅毒患者应高度怀疑合并HIV感染的可能。