Trastornos afásicos : aspectos motivacionales en la recuperación de los afásicos.

Analizar los principales aspectos que conciernen al habla, al mismo tiempo que intenta examinar los problemas derivados de lesiones cerebrales. Estudio acerca de uno de los trastornos básicos del lenguaje: la afasia. El trabajo consta de tres partes. Una primera parte contiene los conocimientos teóricos sobre lo que es el lenguaje, su desarrollo, hemisferio cerebral dominante en las funciones del lenguaje, así como diversos aspectos del habla y principales trastornos. La segunda parte está dedicada a las afasias. En ella se tratan los aspectos fundamentales: concepto, etiología, sintomatología, tipos de afasia, formas particulares de la afasia, lo mismo que algunos estudios y posibles métodos acerca de la recuperación de algunas lesiones del sistema nervioso central. La tercera y última parte estudia la naturaleza de las motivaciones humanas y el papel que juegan en la determinación de nuestra conducta. Comienza presentando las características de la conducta motivada y los aspectos que influyen en la recuperación de los sujetos afásicos, para a continuación exponer unas serie de ideas en torno a los motivos o necesidades que tienen los individuos y que condicionan la motivación en los sujetos afásicos de cara a su recuperación. 1) Varias son las metodologías que se pueden utilizar para la rehabilitación de la afasia, pero no se puede hablar de un método concreto para un sujeto concreto, sino que el método que se emplee dependerá de las características específicas que tenga ese sujeto. 2) La rehabilitación no tiende a lograr nuevos conocimientos, sino que su fin es hacer resurgir o recuperar lo ya conocido y ahora bloqueado. 3) La afasia es una alteración del lenguaje por lesión cerebral focal, y que constituye un trastorno d la formulación simbólica del lenguaje. 4) El sistema nervioso central juega una enorme importancia en los mecanismos del lenguaje. En la mayoría de los sujetos uno de los grandes hemisferios cerebrales, el izquierdo, se va a hacer responsable de la función lingüística, tanto en su vertiente motora como receptiva; de ahí que en cualquier inadecuación del sistema nervioso central, se traduce en última instancia en defectos muy importantes del lenguaje. 5) Los hombres actúan con intención, por motivos, empujados por intereses, deseos, necesidades, instintos; atraídos por algo deseado, desconocido. El actuar humano está inmerso en los asuntos del medio ambiente material y de sus relaciones sociales. 6) La situación del sujeto afásico no significa lo mismo para el niño que para el adulto afásico. Cada uno se va a comportar de forma diferente por que sus necesidades motivacionales son distintas y en consecuencia están motivadas distintamente.

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