化学不稳定性和同位素分布的同位旋效应

采用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型 ,研究了在轰击能量为 40MeV u和 10 0MeV u时 ,1 1 2 Sn +1 1 2 Sn和1 2 4Sn +1 2 4Sn反应产物的同位素分布 .发现在 40MeV u时 ,同位素分布与入射体系的同位旋密切相关 ;而在 10 0MeV u时 ,对这两种不同同位旋体系给出几乎相同的同位素分布 .这种同位素分布的能量依赖性为研究化学不稳定性及其与力学不稳定性的竞争提供了新途径

Separation and identification of compounds in Rhizoma chuanxiong by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

A comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation system based on the combination of a CN column and an ODS column is developed for the separation of components in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rhizoma chuanxiong. Two columns are coupled by a two-position, eight-port valve equipped with two storage loops and controlled by a computer. The effluent is detected by both the diode array detector and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometer. More than 52 components in the methanol extract of R. chuanxiong were resolved and 11 of them were preliminary identified according to their UV and mass spectra. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

黄河三角洲湿地生态系统的形成及其保护

通过对黄河三角洲新生湿地的野外调查,利用TM陆地卫星影像图的判读,结合黄河尾闾变动的历史资料分析,结果表明,黄河三角洲新生湿地是多泥沙的黄河淤积和海岸蚀退所形成.受区域气候、地貌、地质沉积、土壤、植被的相互作用和互相影响,形成4.5×105hm2的湿地,其中有6.84×104hm2的人工湿地.湿地生态类型随着黄河尾闾摆动和海退陆进程度而变化,自海洋向陆地依次为潮下带水生生态系统潮间带湿地生态系统潮上带盐生生态系统芦苇獐茅湿地生态系统草甸湿地生态系统陆上农田生态系统.该系统资源丰富,共有野生动物1524种,鸟类300种,鱼类1040种.石油开发和近年来黄河断流对湿地产生一定影响,应在开发利用中加强管理和保护

石灰性土壤供氮能力几种化学测定方法的评价研究

以采自于黄土高原差异较大的25个农田耕层石灰性土壤为供试土样,以淋洗和未淋洗土壤起始NO3--N小麦和玉米两季盆栽试验作物累积吸氮量为参比,对8种反映旱地土壤供氮能力的化学方法进行比较研究。结果表明,在一定程度上,可用有密切关系的土壤全氮或有机质,反映有机氮或全氮存在较大差异的土壤供氮能力,但其灵敏性较差。石灰性土壤矿质氮,特别是NO3--N与未淋洗土壤起始NO3--N作物吸氮量之间有较高相关性(r=0.884,P<0.01),而与淋洗土壤起始NO3--N作物吸氮量间相关系数仅为0.472(P<0.05),说明矿质氮可反映土壤当前供氮水平,而不能反映土壤潜在供氮能力;石灰性土壤起始NO3--N对各化学方法与作物吸氮量之间相关性影响较大。酸性高锰酸钾法既可反映土壤潜在供氮能力,也可反映土壤总供氮能力;酸性高锰酸钾法的修订方法,即硫酸—高锰酸钾法提取出的NH4+-N值接近于KCl水浴法提取出的NH4+-N值,该方法在反映土壤总供氮能力方面与酸性高锰酸钾法相当,但在反映土壤潜在供氮能力方面不及酸性高锰酸钾法优越。KCl水浴法在评价石灰性土壤供氮能力方面,与酸性高锰酸钾法的效果基本相同;沸水浸取法和NaHCO3-UV...

黄土高原旱区长期不同轮作施肥对土壤供氮能力的影响

自 1 98 4年开始的长期不同轮作与施肥试验表明 :种植作物可提高土壤供氮能力 6.88%～ 36.58%,以种植苜蓿提高幅度最大 ,是裸地的 1 .37倍。长期施用氮肥、磷肥、有机肥及三者配施可提高土壤供氮能力 9.8%～ 1 33.98%,其中以施氮、磷及有机肥玉米连作提高幅度最大。不同轮作系统中土壤供氮能力 :粮草 3年轮作 >粮草 8年轮作 >粮豆 3年轮作 >粮饲豆 4年轮作 ;种植作物可有效增加土壤有机氮水平 ,提高剖面土壤供氮能力。施用有机肥可有效地增加深层土壤供氮潜力并在 1 0 0 cm处出现迅速减小的现象

乌丹地区文冠果生物学特性及物候观测

通过野外定枝追踪,对乌丹地区文冠果年生长周期的物候、生殖过程进行连续观测,研究了文冠果的果实生长进程与有效积温的关系、数量动态和落花落果率.结果表明:文冠果物候变化与有效积温之间存在极显著的线性函数关系;雄花花丝的伸长和花药的开裂在时间上具有先后性;文冠果果实生长发育过程中经历3次落果,授粉率为26.4,落花率达73.6,落果率可达92.9,落花、落果现象十分严重;6月上中旬果实的纵径生长较快,6月中下旬果实横径生长较快,纵横径比可达2.17;个体间物候有一定的差异,不利于文冠果异株授粉和授粉率的提高.

Two novel molybdenum complexes containing [Mo2O2S2](2+) fragment: synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic studies

Mo2O2S2(HGly)(GlY)(2) 1 and K-6[Mo2O2S2(nta)(2)][Mo2O2S2(ntaH)(2)]center dot 4H(2)O 2 were synthesized by the reactions of (NH4)(2)MoS4 and amino acids L (L = glycine, nitrilotriacetic acid) in ethanol-water medium at ambient temperature. The two complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, UV-visible spectra, TG-DTA and XPS.

Review on study of resonance electron capture mass spectrometry

Resonance electron capture mass spectrometry, in which an additional information coordinate, the energy of electron capture, is applied, has a high sensitivity and a high specificity. It is extensively used to study the structure elucidation, the mechanism of ion formation and the detection, identification and quantification of organic substances in mixture.

共振电子捕获质谱研究进展

利用额外的信息坐标——电子捕获的能量的共振电子捕获质谱具有高灵敏度和高专一性．在进行结构分析、离子形成机理研究及混合物中某种特定化合物的检测方面，共振电子捕获质谱都有广泛的应用

Crystal and molecular structure of the complex of methoxycarbonylethyltin trichloride with salicylidene-m-toluidine

The synthesis and properties of the title complex CH3OCOCH2CH2SnCl3.2-HOC6H4CH=NC6H4-3'-CH3 are described. It crystallizes from benzene in the monoclinic space group P2(1/n) with unit cell dimensions a=10.326 (C),b=6.815(8), c=12.931(6) Angstrom, beta =111.52(3,)degrees, V=2088.7(1) Angstrom (3), Z=4, F(000) =1040, mu =16.31 cm(-1), Dc=1. 67g/cm(3) final R factor is 0.037 for 3177 observed reflections, 1 greater than or equal to3 sigma (1(0)). The tin atom in the structure of the complex exists in a distored octahedral geometry defined by three Cl atoms, the C and O atoms of a chelating methoxycarbonylethyl. group as well as an O atom derived from the Schiff base ligand.

VEGF gene silencing by cytomegalovirus promoter driven ShRNA expression vector results in vascular development defects in zebrafish

Zebrafish has been generally considered as an excellent model in case of drug screening, disease model establishment, and vertebrate embryonic development study. In this work, the ability of human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV promoter)-driven short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector to induce shRNA against VEGF gene in zebrafish was tested, and its effect on vascular development was assed, too. Using RT-qPCR, blood vessel staining, and in situ hybridization, we confirmed certain transcriptional activity and down regulation of gene expression by the vector. In situ hybridization analysis indicated selective inhibition of NRP1 expression in the VEGF gene loss of function model, which might imply in turn that VEGF could not only activate endothelial cells directly but also could contribute to stimulating angiogenesis in vivo by a mechanism that involved up-regulation of its cognate receptor expression in zebrafish. This contributed to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development. The system improved the success rate in making inducible knockdown and widened the possibilities for better therapeutic targets in zebrafish.

Cloning and characterization of a novel C-type lectin from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

C-type lectin is a family of Ca2+ dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders as a pattern recognition protein (PRP). The cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri C-type lectin (designated CFLec-1) was cloned by expressed sequence tag (EST) and RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA of CFLec-1 was 1785 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 66 bp and an unusually long 3' UTR of 1040 bp with seven polyadenylation signal sequences AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The CFLec-1 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 221 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 15 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 206 amino acids. Analysis of the protein domain features indicated a typical long-form carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of 130 residues in the CFLec-1 deduced amino acid sequence. The expression pattern of CFLec-1 transcripts in healthy and bacterial challenged scallops was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA transcripts of CFLec-1 could be mainly detected in the tissues of haemocytes, gill, gonad and mantle of unchallenged scallops, whereas the expression of CFLec-1 transcripts was increased in all the tested tissues after heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The temporal expression of CFLec-1 mRNA in haemolymph challenged by Micrococcus luteus and V anguillarum was both up-regulated and reached the maximum level at 8 and 16 It post stimulation, respectively, and then dropped back to the original level. In order to investigate its immune functions, CFLec- I was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS as a fusion protein with thioredoxin. The recombinant CFLec-1 agglutinated bacteria E. coli JM109 in vitro, and the agglutination was Ca2+ dependent which could be inhibited by EDTA. But it did not agglutinate M. luteus, Candida lipolytica and animal erythrocytes including rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken, human group A, human group B, human group O. Meanwhile, the recombinant CFLec-1 could inhibit the growth of both E. coli JM 109 and M. luteus, but no inhibition activity against V anguillarum. These result indicated that CFLec-1 was a constitutive and inducible PRP which was involved in the reorganization and clearance of invaders in scallop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

利用两种大型海藻制备生物能源的探索研究

生物质燃料乙醇和沼气都属于发展潜力巨大的生物质能源，大力发展生物质燃料乙醇和沼气对解决当今能源危机、环境污染问题和促进我国经济发展具有重要意义。 本文就海带化工废弃物——海带渣糖化技术、浒苔糖化技术及初步酒精发酵技术、海带沼气发酵技术、浒苔沼气发酵技术进行了可行性研究。 1、海带渣总糖含量为52.6%，海带渣总糖中葡萄糖含量占90.9%，另外还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖，这说明海带渣是非常优良的能源生物质。 2、海带渣糖化工艺采取稀硫酸预处理后纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。海带渣最佳稀硫酸预处理条件为预处理温度121℃、硫酸浓度0.6%、预处理时间60 min，此时海带渣纤维素酶解产糖可达187.8 mg/g干藻。 3、优化了预处理海带渣纤维素酶酶解产糖工艺。各因素对海带渣酶解产糖的影响依次为：pH>温度>时间>酶用量，海带渣纤维素酶解产糖的最佳条件为温度45℃、pH5.2、时间48小时、酶用量16 mg/g干藻，此时糖产量为238.9 mg/g干藻。 4、浒苔总糖含量为67.2%，浒苔总糖主要有葡萄糖、木糖、葡萄糖醛酸和鼠李糖组成，其中葡萄糖和木糖可以做为酒精发酵的原料，这两种糖占总糖含量的51%。 5、以鲜浒苔为原料研究了浒苔稀硫酸水解工艺和纤维素酶酶解工艺。发现浒苔酸水解产糖效果明显优于纤维素酶酶解。 6、以干浒苔为原料研究了浒苔酸解工艺。硫酸水解干浒苔产糖能力优于盐酸、磷酸和马来酸，水解时间为60 min、硫酸浓度为1.8%的时候可用于酒精发酵的糖（葡萄糖和木糖）总产量达到最大值为230.5 mg/g干浒苔，占此条件下总还原糖产量的48.6%。同时发现干浒苔比鲜浒苔更易被硫酸水解产糖。 7、初步研究了浒苔酒精发酵工艺。初步工艺中酒精产量较低、测得酒精在发酵液中浓度为0.23%（v/v），后续工作中需要对酒精发酵工艺进行优化。 8、海带与牛粪比例为4:1（w/w）是海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例，此时产气时间最长，达到37天，总产气量最高，达到13600 mL。 9、在海带与牛粪联合厌氧消化中，增加接种量到15 g（干重）时发酵周期为39天，总产气量为14630 mL，TS产气量为152.4 mL/gTS，接种量为21 g（干重）时发酵周期为36天，总产气量为14090 mL，TS产气量为138.1 mL/gTS，可见适当增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。 10、浒苔与牛粪比例为4:2（w/w）是浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化的最佳比例，此时产气时间为33天，总产气量最高达到6785 mL。 11、在浒苔与牛粪联合厌氧消化中，增加接种量到7.5 g（干重）时发酵周期为38天，总产气量为7470 mL，TS产气量为155.6 mL/gTS，接种量为10.5 g（干重）时发酵周期也为38天，总产气量为7020 mL，TS产气量为137.6 mL/gTS，可见增加接种量可促进产气量的增加。