Genome-wide Association Study Implicates HLA-C*01:02 as a Risk Factor at the Major Histocompatibility Complex Locus in Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common risk variants for schizophrenia. METHODS: The discovery scan included 1606 patients and 1794 controls from Ireland, using 6,212,339 directly genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A subset of this sample (270 cases and 860 controls) was subsequently included in the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium-schizophrenia GWAS meta-analysis. RESULTS: One hundred eight SNPs were taken forward for replication in an independent sample of 13,195 cases and 31,021 control subjects. The most significant associations in discovery, corrected for genomic inflation, were (rs204999, p combined = 1.34 × 10(-9) and in combined samples (rs2523722 p combined = 2.88 × 10(-16)) mapped to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. We imputed classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles at the locus; the most significant finding was with HLA-C*01:02. This association was distinct from the top SNP signal. The HLA alleles DRB1*03:01 and B*08:01 were protective, replicating a previous study. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further support for involvement of MHC class I molecules in schizophrenia. We found evidence of association with previously reported risk alleles at the TCF4, VRK2, and ZNF804A loci.

Structure of the methanol synthesis catalyst determined by in situ HERFD XAS and EXAFS

A Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 commercial catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas was investigated under operational conditions. HERFD XAS and EXAFS data were recorded under different reaction gas mixtures, temperatures, and pressures. Activation of the catalyst precursor occurred via a Cu+ intermediate. The active catalyst predominantly consists of metallic Cu and ZnO. Methanol production only starts when all accessible Cu is reduced. The structure of the active catalyst did not change with temperature or pressure even though the methanol yield changed strongly. Formation of a carbon-containing layer on top of the catalyst surface was detected by TPD, which was correlated with a several-hour induction period in the methanol production after the catalyst reduction.

Quantification of singlet oxygen generation from photodynamic hydrogels

Recently, we described a series of novel porphyrin-impregnated hydrogels capable of producing microbicidal singlet oxygen (1O2) on photoactivation. Indirect assessment of the efficacy of 1O2 production from such hydrogels has been previously described using microbiological techniques, but here we report a novel, direct method of quantification. Anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid (ADPA) is known to irreversibly form an endoperoxide on reaction with 1O2, causing photobleaching of its absorbance band at approximately 378 nm. Here, the reaction of this probe is exploited in a novel way to provide a simple, inexpensive, and convenient measurement of 1O2 generation from the surface of porphyrin-incorporated photosensitising hydrogels, with the ability to account for effects due to hydrogel porosity. Ingress of the probe into the materials was observed, with rates of up to 3.83 x 103 s-1. This varied by up to 200-fold with material composition and surface modification. Rates of 1O2 generation in these porphyrin-incorporated hydrogels, after compensating for ADPA ingress, ranged from 1.86x103 – 5.86x103 s-1. This work demonstrates a simple and straightforward method for direct 1O2 quantification from porous materials, with general utility.

Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in Northern Ireland, 2000-2011: a population-based study

Purpose To evaluate the incidence of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) over a 12-year-period in Northern Ireland. Methods The medical records of all infants treated for ROP from January 2000 to December 2011were retrospectively reviewed and cross-referenced with the Neonatal Intensive Care Outcomes Research and Evaluation (NICORE) database. Results The Northern Ireland population data showed an increase in the number of live births from 2000 to 2011. The proportion of babies born with a birth weight <1501 g and/or <32 weeks’ gestational age remained constant (χ2 trend = 3.220, P = 0.0727), although the proportion of these babies who died prior to 42 weeks’ gestation decreased from 2000 to 2011 (P = 0.0196 using χ2 for trend = 5.445; P = 0.0354 using χ2 = 20.809). The prevalence of treatment-requiring ROP in these infants increased from 1.05% in 2000 to 5.78% in 2011 (P < 0.001 using χ2 trend = 16.309; P < 0.001 using χ2 = 31.378). Conclusions The present population-based study highlights that the incidence of treatment- requiring ROP is increasing in Northern Ireland. The increasing number of infants requiring treatment will need to be taken into consideration in the commissioning process for ROP services in Northern Ireland.

Estágios curriculares do bacharelato em Engenharia Mecânica

Os planos curriculares da globalidade dos cursos de Bacharelato ministrados na Escola Superior de Tecnologia (EST) contêm uma disciplina designada por Estágio, de carácter obrigatório, a qual se desenvolve, em geral, no período compreendido entre o final do 2º semestre e o início do 1º semestre do ano lectivo seguinte. O seu objectivo primordial é o de permitir a integração dos alunos em situações de actividade profissional concretas, num ambiente real e externo à Escola, como complemento da sua formação académica.

Twelve Cosmological Leaps - series 02

An archive of 12 electronic files, visualised as colourful air grid lattice structures.

O abuso de informação privilegiada (insider trading)

In the stock market, information takes on special relevance, due to the market’s permanent updating and the great fluidity of information existent therein. Just as in any other negotiations, the party with the better information has a bargaining advantage, as it is able to make more advantageous business decisions. However, unlike most other markets, the proper functioning of the stock market is greatly dependent on investors’ trust in the market itself. As such, if there are investors who, due to any condition they possess or office they hold, have access to relevant information which is not accessible to the general public, distrust is bred within the market and, consequently, investment is lessened. Thus, there is a need to prevent those who hold privileged information from using it in abusive ways. In Portugal, abuse of privileged information is set out and punished criminally in Article 378. of the Portuguese Securities Code (‘Código dos Valores Mobiliários’). In this dissertation, I have set out, firstly, to analyze the inherent conditions for there to be a crime of abuse of privileged information; secondly, to analyze two well-known cases, which took place and were decided in other jurisdictions, and attempt to understand how these cases would fall under Article 378. of the Portuguese Securities Code. Whereas the first case, Chiarella v. United States, was scrutinize under Article 378 of the Portuguese Securities Code, in the second, Lafonta v. AMF, the conclusion arrived at was that the crime taken place was different. This analysis allowed, on one hand, the application to a particular case of prerequisites and concepts which were explained, at a first approach, from a more theoretical perspective; on the other hand, it also allowed the further development of specific aspects of the regime, namely the difference between an insider and a tipee, as well as to more clearly set out the limits to the precise character of the information at hand.

Madurez gonadal y fecundidad de la merluza peruana en verano 2003.Crucero BIC Olaya 0301-02

El crucero demersal BIC Olaya 0301-02 se realizó del 24 enero al 17 febrero 2003. Se presentan los resultados sobre la maduración gonadal de la merluza peruana Merluccius gayi peruanus por grados latitudinales y grupos de talla. La fecundidad parcial fue estimada en 26.667 ovocitos por desove y la fecundidad relativa en 131 ovocitos/g de peso corporal. Además, se describe la relación entre la actividad reproductiva (AR) de la merluza con la profundidad del área evaluada.

La población de la merluza peruana durante el verano 2004. Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El estudio se realizó por el método de área barrida, del 14 de enero al 7 de febrero 2004, en el área comprendida entre el límite norte del dominio marítimo peruano y los 7°30’S, abarcó 5593 mn2 y profundidades de 20 y 280 bz. La biomasa total estimada de la merluza fue de 198.028 t ±37% (1588 millones de individuos), concentrados principalmente en el estrato II (91-182 m) de las subáreas C (5-6°S) y D (6-7°S). La composición de la población, referida a los grupos de edad fue: 94% individuos de 1 y 2 años de edad; 5% el grupo de 3 años; y 1% los grupos entre 4 y 8 años. La biomasa reproductora fue de 159.678 t, cuyo 72% fueron merluzas de la edad 2; el 17% merluza de edad 3, y el 5% por merluzas mayores a 3 años. Los principales indicadores poblacionales manifestaron: (a) un incremento en los valores de biomasa total, (b) la mejora en la amplitud geográfica de distribución de merluza, (c) presencia de importantes reclutamientos sucesivos, en medio de factores ambientales favorables, creando un panorama alentador para la recuperación poblacional de esta especie.

Población de la merluza peruana estudiada por el método acústico en el verano 2004. Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El Crucero de evaluación de recursos demersales se realizó del 14 de enero al 7 de febrero del 2004 a bordo del BIC Olaya, teniendo como objetivo principal determinar la distribución y abundancia de la merluza y de su fauna acompañante mediante el uso en simultaneo del método de área barrida y el método acústico. El equipo utilizado en la evaluación acústica fue el ecosonda científico EK500 de 38 y 120 kHz de frecuencia. En este crucero, la merluza se detectó desde el norte (3°29’S) hasta aproximadamente Chérrepe (7°10’S) con predominio de áreas continuas y densas. La abundancia estimada por el método acústico fue de 152.000 t; la mayor biomasa se encontró en la Subárea D (6°-7°S) con 64.000 t. La mayor abundancia se registró a 10 mn de la costa con 49.000 t.

Condición reproductiva de la merluza peruana en el verano 2004: Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El crucero se realizó del 14 enero al 7 febrero 2004, entre 3°30’ y 8°S. Se efectuaron 57 operaciones positivas de arrastres de fondo; se estudiaron ejemplares adultos de merluza desde los 20 cm LT. Los núcleos más importantes de actividad reproductiva (AR) correspondieron a la sub-área A (3°30’S a 4°S). Se presentan los resultados de distribución espacial de cardúmenes activos, así como la actividad reproductiva por tallas, grado latitudinal y estrato de profundidad. Se calculó la fecundidad parcial (62.878) y fecundidad relativa (237). Se discute los valores hallados del potencial reproductivo y las fluctuaciones del estado de madurez gonadal en el momento de la evaluación.