Aproximación al proceso de la relación de la enfermería con la medicina, dentro de las instituciones socio-sanitarias de Euskadi. ¿Es una cuestión de género en el avance disciplinar?

Esta Investigación cualitativa desde una mirada cercana al holismo-humanismo y Feminismo mantiene una pretensión de Investigación y de Formación. Consiste en, una “aproximación a la realidad del proceso de la relación de la Enfermería con la Medicina, en las instituciones socio-sanitarias de Euskadi”, con el interrogante: ¿Es una cuestión de género en el avance disciplinar? Interesante, observar en la Enfermería asistencial la causa de las diferencias existentes en las relaciones entre dos profesiones interrelacionadas. La Enfermería y la Medicina han mantenido y mantienen diferentes tipos de relación personal y profesional basadas según el reconocimiento de los derechos de las mujeres dependiendo del contexto histórico de cada época y, esto, era de interés para determinar si es una cuestión de género para el avance de la Enfermería También, identifico la importancia del cuestionamiento y la reflexión con respecto a la existencia de ideas sexistas dentro de la propia profesión de la Enfermería y, no únicamente, dentro de la red socio-sanitaria que hace que el “cuidado” continúe considerándose una intervención vocacional femenina carente de profesionalidad. Un cuestionamiento que reto para poder contribuir a la reconstrucción y transformación social.

Polímeros de Coordinación con Centros Metálicos en Entornos de Coordinación Variables: Posibles Aplicaciones.

Presentación de power point. Comunicación oral presentada en el 1er Simposium sobre Propiedades y Aplicaciones de MOFs y COFs, celebrado en Granada en abril de 2015

Spin-related phenomena in magnetic and spin-orbit couppled bose-einstein condensates

129 p.

Advanced Reaction Systems for Hydrogen Production

[EN] This PhD work started in March 2010 with the support of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under the program named “Formación de Personal Investigador” at the Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department in the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. The major part of the Thesis work was carried out in the mentioned department, as a member of the Sustainable Process Engineering (SuPrEn) research group. In addition, this PhD Thesis includes the research work developed during a period of 6 months at the Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, IMM, in Germany. During the four years of the Thesis, conventional and microreactor systems were tested for several feedstocks renewable and non-renewable, gases and liquids through several reforming processes in order to produce hydrogen. For this purpose, new catalytic formulations which showed high activity, selectivity and stability were design. As a consequence, the PhD work performed allowed the publication of seven scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. This PhD Thesis is divided into the following six chapters described below. The opportunity of this work is established on the basis of the transition period needed for moving from a petroleum based energy system to a renewable based new one. Consequently, the present global energy scenario was detailed in Chapter 1, and the role of hydrogen as a real alternative in the future energy system was justified based on several outlooks. Therefore, renewable and non-renewable hydrogen production routes were presented, explaining the corresponding benefits and drawbacks. Then, the raw materials used in this Thesis work were described and the most important issues regarding the processes and the characteristics of the catalytic formulations were explained. The introduction chapter finishes by introducing the concepts of decentralized production and process intensification with the use of microreactors. In addition, a small description of these innovative reaction systems and the benefits that entailed their use were also mentioned. In Chapter 2 the main objectives of this Thesis work are summarized. The development of advanced reaction systems for hydrogen rich mixtures production is the main objective. In addition, the use and comparison between two different reaction systems, (fixed bed reactor (FBR) and microreactor), the processing of renewable raw materials, the development of new, active, selective and stable catalytic formulations, and the optimization of the operating conditions were also established as additional partial objectives. Methane and natural gas (NG) steam reforming experimental results obtained when operated with microreactor and FBR systems are presented in Chapter 3. For these experiments nickel-based (Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO) and noble metal-based (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and their catalytic activity was measured at several temperatures, from 973 to 1073 K, different S/C ratios, from 1.0 to 2.0, and atmospheric pressure. The Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) was maintained constant in order to compare the catalytic activity in both reaction systems. The results obtained showed a better performance of the catalysts operating in microreactors. The Ni/MgO catalyst reached the highest hydrogen production yield at 1073 K and steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 1.5 under Steam methane Reforming (SMR) conditions. In addition, this catalyst also showed good activity and stability under NG reforming at S/C=1.0 and 2.0. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also showed high activity and good stability and it was the catalyst reaching the highest methane conversion (72.9 %) and H2out/CH4in ratio (2.4) under SMR conditions at 1073 K and S/C=1.0. However, this catalyst suffered from deactivation when it was tested under NG reforming conditions. Regarding the activity measurements carried out with the noble metal-based catalysts in the microreactor systems, they suffered a very quick deactivation, probably because of the effects attributed to carbon deposition, which was detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). When the FBR was used no catalytic activity was measured with the catalysts under investigation, probably because they were operated at the same WHSV than the microreactors and these WHSVs were too high for FBR system. In Chapter 4 biogas reforming processes were studied. This chapter starts with an introduction explaining the properties of the biogas and the main production routes. Then, the experimental procedure carried out is detailed giving concrete information about the experimental set-up, defining the parameters measured, specifying the characteristics of the reactors used and describing the characterization techniques utilized. Each following section describes the results obtained from activity testing with the different catalysts prepared, which is subsequently summarized: Section 4.3: Biogas reforming processes using γ-Al2O3 based catalysts The activity results obtained by several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh-Ni catalyst supported on magnesia or alumina modified with oxides like CeO2 and ZrO2 are presented in this section. In addition, an alumina-based commercial catalyst was tested in order to compare the activity results measured. Four different biogas reforming processes were studied using a FBR: dry reforming (DR), biogas steam reforming (BSR), biogas oxidative reforming (BOR) and tri-reforming (TR). For the BSR process different steam to carbon ratios (S/C) from 1.0 to 3.0, were tested. In the case of BOR process the oxygen-to-methane (O2/CH4) ratio was varied from 0.125 to 0.50. Finally, for TR processes different S/C ratios from 1.0 to 3.0, and O2/CH4 ratios of 0.25 and 0.50 were studied. Then, the catalysts which achieved high activity and stability were impregnated in a microreactor to explore the viability of process intensification. The operation with microreactors was carried out under the best experimental conditions measured in the FBR. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), SEM, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Operating with the FBR, conversions close to the ones predicted by thermodynamic calculations were obtained by most of the catalysts tested. The Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the highest hydrogen production yield in DR. In BSR process, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst achieved the best activity results operating at S/C=1.0. In the case of BOR process, the Ni/Ce-Zr-Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest reactants conversion values operating at O2/CH4=0.25. Finally, in the TR process the Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the best results operating at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25. Therefore, these three catalysts were selected to be coated onto microchannels in order to test its performance under BOR and TR processes conditions. Although the operation using microreactors was carried out under considerably higher WHSV, similar conversions and yields as the ones measured in FBR were measured. Furthermore, attending to other measurements like Turnover Frequency (TOF) and Hydrogen Productivity (PROD), the values calculated for the catalysts tested in microreactors were one order of magnitude higher. Thus, due to the low dispersion degree measured by H2-chemisorption, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst reached the highest TOF and PROD values. Section 4.4: Biogas reforming processes using Zeolites L based catalysts In this section three type of L zeolites, with different morphology and size, were synthesized and used as catalyst support. Then, for each type of L zeolite three nickel monometallic and their homologous Rh-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were tested using the FBR under DR process and different conditions of BSR (S/C ratio of 1.0 and 2.0), BOR (O2/CH4 ratio of 0.25 and 0.50) and TR processes (at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25). The characterization of these catalysts was also carried out by using the same techniques mentioned in the previous section. Very high methane and carbon dioxide conversion values were measured for almost all the catalysts under investigation. The experimental results evidenced the better catalytic behavior of the bimetallic catalysts as compared to the monometallic ones. Comparing the catalysts behavior with regards to their morphology, for the BSR process the Disc catalysts were the most active ones at the lowest S/C ratio tested. On the contrary, the Cylindrical (30–60 nm) catalysts were more active under BOR conditions at O2/CH4=0.25 and TR processes. By the contrary, the Cylindrical (1–3 µm) catalysts showed the worst activity results for both processes. Section 4.5: Biogas reforming processes using Na+ and Cs+ doped Zeolites LTL based catalysts A method for the synthesis of Linde Type L (LTL) zeolite under microwave-assisted hydrothermal conditions and its behavior as a support for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production is described in this section. Then, rhodium and nickel-based bimetallic catalysts were prepared in order to be tested by DR process and BOR process at O2/CH4=0.25. Moreover, the characterization of the catalysts under investigation was also carried out. Higher activities were achieved by the catalysts prepared from the non-doped zeolites, Rh-Ni/D and Rh-Ni/N, as compared to the ones supported on Na+ and Cs+ exchanged supports. However, the differences between them were not very significant. In addition, the Na+ and Cs+ incorporation affected mainly to the Disc catalysts. Comparing the results obtained by these catalysts with the ones studied in the section 4.4, in general worst results were achieved under DR conditions and almost the same results when operated under BOR conditions. In Chapter 5 the ethylene glycol (EG) as feed for syngas production by steam reforming (SR) and oxidative steam reforming (OSR) was studied by using microchannel reactors. The product composition was determined at a S/C of 4.0, reaction temperatures between 625°C and 725°C, atmospheric pressure and Volume Hourly Space Velocities (VHSV) between 100 and 300 NL/(gcath). This work was divided in two sections. The first one corresponds to the introduction of the main and most promising EG production routes. Then, the new experimental procedure is detailed and the information about the experimental set-up and the measured parameters is described. The characterization was carried out using the same techniques as for the previous chapter. Then, the next sections correspond to the catalytic activity and catalysts characterization results. Section 5.3: xRh-cm and xRh-np catalysts for ethylene glycol reforming Initially, catalysts with different rhodium loading, from 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, and supported on α-Al2O3 were prepared by two different preparation methods (conventional impregnation and separate nanoparticle synthesis). Then, the catalysts were compared regarding their measured activity and selectivity, as well as the characterization results obtained before and after the activity tests carried out. The samples prepared by a conventional impregnation method showed generally higher activity compared to catalysts prepared from Rh nanoparticles. By-product formation of species such as acetaldehyde, ethane and ethylene was detected, regardless if oxygen was added to the feed or not. Among the catalysts tested, the 2.5Rh-cm catalyst was considered the best one. Section 5.4: 2.5Rh-cm catalyst support modification with CeO2 and La2O3 In this part of the Chapter 5, the catalyst showing the best performance in the previous section, the 2.5Rh-Al2O3 catalyst, was selected in order to be improved. Therefore, new Rh based catalysts were designed using α-Al2O3 and being modified this support with different contents of CeO2 or La2O3 oxides. All the catalysts containing additives showed complete conversion and selectivities close to the equilibrium in both SR and OSR processes. In addition, for these catalysts the concentrations measured for the C2H4, CH4, CH3CHO and C2H6 by-products were very low. Finally, the 2.5Rh-20Ce catalyst was selected according to its catalytic activity and characterization results in order to run a stability test, which lasted more than 115 hours under stable operation. The last chapter, Chapter 6, summarizes the main conclusions achieved throughout this Thesis work. Although very high reactant conversions and rich hydrogen mixtures were obtained using a fixed bed reaction system, the use of microreactors improves the key issues, heat and mass transfer limitations, through which the reforming reactions are intensified. Therefore, they seem to be a very interesting and promising alternative for process intensification and decentralized production for remote application.

Acústica del Acordeón

320 p.

Análisis de los nuevos tipos de fondos de inversión en España

Evaluación de la gestión y la performance de los nuevos Fondos de Inversión en España.

Los grupos de interés de las Fundaciones de Bizkaia: Margen Izquierda

El presente trabajo expone el marco en el que se desarrolla la relación entre las fundaciones de la margen izquierda vizcaína y los distintos stakeholders que la rodean. Se analizan algunos aspectos que deben ser tratados para la comprensión de los objetivos finales, realizando un estudio cada vez más especifico, desde las entidades no lucrativas hacia las fundaciones y sus grupos de interés. Se expone además diversos aspectos legales sobre las fundaciones, así como aspectos sobre información social y económica adecuados para este tipo de entidades. Finalmente, se estudian casos reales de fundaciones de ezkerraldea para posteriormente analizar dicha información con el fin de obtener conclusiones que arrojen luz a los objetivos expuestos.

On some new mathematical models for infective diseases: analysis, equilibrium, positivity and vaccination controls

196 p.

Raíces estéticas de la música cubana, antecedentes de la canción popular, variantes y tipos (1800-1934): un estudio intercultural

192 p.

Acerca del posible y derivado carácter tecnológico de ciertos tipos óseos debitados: los casos de muescas, «écaillés» y retocadores

[ES] Los análisis efectuados sobre una serie de tipos óseos debitados (muescas, "écaillés" y retocadores) pertenecientes a los niveles musteroides y auriñacoides de los yacimientos de Gatzarria (Pays de Soule, Pyrénées Atlantiques) y Abeilles (Montmaurin, Haute Garonne) posibilitan sugerir hipótesis relativas a su causalidad. En este sentido, una gran parte del efectivo global examinado pudiera relacionarse directamente con determinados tratamientos tecnológicos de fractura, talla y retoque.

Efeito da temperatura de secagem de dois tipos de silano e da supressão ou redução do tempo de condicionamento com ácido hidrofluorídrico na resistência de união entre uma cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio e um cimento resinoso

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes métodos de silanização e aplicação do ácido hidrofluorídrico (HF) sobre a resistência à microtração de uma cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio a um cimento resinoso. Quarenta blocos de IPS e.max Press /Ivoclar Vivadent (5x5x6mm) foram cimentados a blocos de resina Z250/3M ESPE (5x5x6mm) usando o cimento resinoso RelyX ARC/3M ESPE de acordo com os seguintes métodos de tratamento superficial: G1: 20s de ácido fluorídrico (HF) + silano não hidrolisado Primer-Activactor/Dentsply (SNH) seco à temperatura ambiente; G2: 20s HF + silano pré-hidrolisado RelyX Ceramic-Primer/3M ESPE (SPH) seco à temperatura ambiente; G3: 10s HF + SNH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G4: 10sHF + SPH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G5: sem ácido, SNH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G6: sem ácido, SPH seco com ar quente (50oC-2min); G7: sem ácido, SNH seco à temperatura ambiente; G8: sem ácido, SPH seco à temperatura ambiente. Antes de cada método de silanização, os blocos cerâmicos receberam acabamento com lixas de carbeto de silício (220-600) e limpeza com ácido fosfórico 37% (1min). A cimentação foi realizada com carga vertical de 1kg por 10min. Os conjuntos de cerâmica/cimento/resina foram armazenados em água destilada (37C) por 24 horas e depois seccionados em máquina de corte Isomet 1000 a fim de obter palitos (n = 40) de 1mm2 de área da seção transversal, que foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal Emic (v = 0,5mm/min). O modo de fratura foi avaliado em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando ANOVA / Dunnett (p-valor = 0,000). As médias MPa e desvio padrão foram: G1-21,5 (8,9) BC; G2-30,5 (7,2) A; G3-19.4 (9.1) BC; G4-24,0 (9,0) B; G5-8.1 (3.2) D; G6 -18,0 (6,2) C; G7-7.8 (2,6) D; G8-6.3 (2,5) D. Grupos 2, 3, 4 e 6 não tiveram falhas prematuras dos palitos contra os grupos 1, 5, 7 e 8, que apresentaram 2,2; 44,4; 75,6 e 33,3% de perdas prematuras, respectivamente. O teste de correlação foi realizado apresentando significância estatística, com valor de -0,736 (p-valor = 0,000), mostrando que, a medida que o percentual de perda prematura aumenta, a média da MPa diminui. Quanto ao modo de fratura, observou-se 44,97% de falhas do tipo mista, 51,70% de falhas do tipo adesiva, 3,33% de falhas do tipo coesiva do cimento. Quando é realizada a supressão do condicionamento com HF como pré-tratamento da superfície cerâmica IPS e.max Press, a aplicação de silano SPH, associada ao seu tratamento térmico, deve ser o método de silanização recomendado, embora os valores mais elevados de resistência de união tenham sido os obtidos quando utilizado o condicionamento com HF por 20s. Quando é realizada a redução do tempo de condicionamento com HF para 10s, a aplicação do silano (SPH ou SNH) deve ser sempre associada ao seu tratamento térmico. O SNH só deve ser usado se as superfícies das cerâmicas IPS e.max Press forem tratadas com HF.

¿Un nuevo actor político emergente? El caso de las plataformas vecinales independientes que gobiernan Euskadi (1991-2015)

El estudio surge tras identificar la creciente irrupción de “plataformas vecinales independientes” en Euskadi a partir de los años 90; un actor político que cada día obtiene mayor nivel de representatividad y logra más alcaldías en el ya de por sí complicado mapa político vasco. Sin embargo, dada la abundancia de “plataformas vecinales independientes” y las limitaciones de presupuesto y tiempo, esta investigación focalizará su atención en aquellas que hayan alcanzado la makila, siendo la unidad de análisis las “plataformas vecinales independientes” gobernantes entre 1991 y 2015 en Euskadi. Las apreciaciones terminológicas son importantes, puesto que no todas las candidaturas que concurren con siglas ajenas a los grandes partidos deben ser consideradas “plataformas vecinales independientes”. Así las cosas, el primer objetivo de este trabajo es sugerir un modelo terminológico que permita clasificar la complejidad de las diversas agrupaciones electorales vascas; esto es, proponer un criterio de definición y clasificación que permita dividir en subcategorías la heterogeneidad de agrupaciones electorales tomando como referencia el esquema realizado por Gemma Ubasart en el caso catalán, aunque sometiendo el mismo a revisión y adaptación a la CAV para su posterior análisis. Este trabajo tiene además un segundo objetivo: identificar qué tipo de actor colectivo conforman las “plataformas vecinales independientes” vascas, teniendo en cuenta la dificultad de acoplar la unidad de análisis del trabajo en el esquema clásico de Ciencia Política que divide los actores en tres tipos: partidos políticos, grupos de interés y movimientos sociales. Para ello -tras la revisión de la bibliografía existente, los estudios específicos realizados por Ubasart y los resultados obtenidos a partir del trabajo de campo- esta investigación aspira a realizar una aportación teórica interesante: invertir el argumento de los/as teóricos/as de la institucionalización y proponer un proceso de cuasi-movimentización en que las “plataformas vecinales independientes” transitarían de una configuración inicial partidista hacia un modelo más cercano a las características propias de los movimientos sociales. Sin embargo, a pesar de la innovación de esta propuesta, el estudio es exploratorio –aunque con vocación de devenir en descriptivo en un futuro- por lo que ninguna de las conclusiones y hallazgos se presentan como definitivos, sino como el punto de partida hacia debates interesantes –sí- pero abiertos a la revisión y la refutación; es por ello que la presente investigación no aspira a descubrir nuevos horizontes, sino a dibujar posibilidades que susciten nuevas preguntas. Todo ello viene motivado por la cobertura de una laguna de conocimiento muy profunda que se observa tras el análisis de la bibliografía existente, ya que no hay investigaciones que describan, expliquen o analicen la irrupción y crecimiento de las “plataformas independientes vecinales” a nivel local en Euskadi (1991-2015). Si bien es cierto que Gemma Ubasart ha dedicado sendos estudios al municipalismo alternativo y popular en Cataluña, su unidad de análisis no presenta las mismas características que la del presente estudio; ni tampoco el fenómeno que se analiza es mimético –más bien inverso- a lo que hay que añadir la propia delimitación espacial, ya que el caso catalán no es extrapolable al vasco a pesar de que su marco analítico pueda ser tomado como referencia y revisado. Hay que subrayar que el componente original y novedoso intrínseco al tema de esta investigación viene acompañado por el factor de rabiosa actualidad, ya que los recientes resultados de las Elecciones Municipales y Forales vascas de 2015 se han presentado como una excepcional ocasión para reflexionar desde la Academia en torno a este actor político; de hecho, los resultados de los comicios han otorgado aún más sentido al planteamiento de la hipótesis de trabajo y reforzado la idea de emergencia y crecimiento de las “plataformas vecinales independientes”. Se trata además de un actor político que, por otro lado, se inscribe en el marco de un contexto interesante para los/as estudiosos/as de Ciencia Política, ya que la actual coyuntura sociopolítica no hace sino ser testigo de la emergencia de nuevos actores políticos que cada día son más difíciles de identificar, encajar y adecuar a antiguos esquemas rígidos que dividen nítidamente a partidos políticos, grupos de interés y movimientos sociales. En este sentido, la institucionalización del movimiento social 15-M para devenir en un partido como Podemos ha agitado estos cimientos, pero también otros fenómenos menos conocidos y convencionales como el que se analiza en el presente trabajo, donde en vez de institucionalización creemos se ha dado un proceso inverso de cuasi-movimentización. Por último, esta investigación se presenta como un reto tanto personal como profesional, ya que supone el punto de partida de lo que se espera sea un intenso y fructífero viaje académico acompañado de un actor colectivo que necesita de definición y análisis. Este proyecto -sin embargo- no hubiera sido posible sin contar especialmente con la ayuda del director de la investigación, Igor Ahedo, por su implicación y aportaciones, por poner luz en momentos de estancamiento y por creer en el proyecto cuando las dudas se cernían sobre él.

Curved crystal surfaces: fabrication, characterization and growth of cobalt nanostructures

117 p.

Cellular and molecular responses of zebrafish to legacy and emerging pollutants: the specific cases of PAHs and metal oxide nanoparticles

270 p.

Inductive Stakeholder Theory. Un modelo para la integración de los Stakeholders en la gestión empresarial

537 p.