Emerging agricultural hydrology problems in post-conflict Libya

This paper develops a conceptual framework for analyzing emerging agricultural hydrology problems in post-conflict Libya. Libya is one of the most arid regions on the planet. Thus, as well as substantial political and social changes, post-conflict Libyan administrators are confronted with important hydrological issues in Libya’s emerging water-landuse complex. This paper presents a substantial background to the water-land-use problem in Libya; reviews previous work in Libya and elsewhere on water-land-use issues and water-land-use conflicts in the dry and arid zones; outlines a conceptual framework for fruitful research interventions; and details the results of a survey conducted on Libyan farmers’ water usage, perceptions of emerging water-land-use conflicts and the appropriate value one should place on agricultural-use hydrological resources in Libya. Extensions are discussed.

Treinamento do capital humano das empresas e o seu reflexo no processo de mudanças tecnológicas, econômicas e sociais

We have never talked so much about Human Capital and how important is to invest in development and training in the enterprises. We also have never seen so much merger and acquisions among foreign and Brazilian enterprise, in all the business areas. In consequence of this, was never so important to review the Training Professional role in that structure. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the educator role of Training Professional within enterprises as responsible for the Human Capital training in the process of technological, economic and social changes and also to wake up that Professionals about need of their own training need in order to reach the best didactical and technical qualification, otherwise they will not have success in their job. In the same purpose we will approach how the workers of community knowledge have to apply in this process change and how the entrepreneurs must to manage the Human Been development in order to keep their enterprises profitable. We will use the bibliographical reference to understand the Human Capital in the knowledge community. We will analyze the Pedagogical Prevailing (TRADITIONAL, NEW, TECHNIQUE, LIBERATOR) which has been applied in the enterprise¿s training as support to research showed in this job. At last, we will propose the application of PDCA (PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACTION) studied by Vicente Falconi Campos, as an evaluation instrument of Education and Training Program

História do turismo em Petrópolis entre 1900 e 1930

O presente trabalho pretendeu analisar de que forma se originou a construção da chamada “natureza turística” da cidade de Petrópolis, através de uma perspectiva histórica. Como objetivo específico, pretendi descrever como se deu a organização da atividade turística no município, destacando as suas origens, buscando compreender e identificar as principais narrativas e imagens que sustentam essa construção cultural, destacando as suas origens entre os anos de 1900 e 1930. Com este fim, o trabalho apresenta as origens e evolução da cidade de Petrópolis desde os antecedentes de sua fundação no século XIX. Em seguida, trabalhei no sentido de desvendar as transformações sociais no ato de viajar, na perspectiva de compreender as origens e consolidação da atividade turística organizada no município. Finalmente, analisei algumas narrativas e imagens que representam a construção cultural da “natureza turística” de Petrópolis, tendo como referência as primeiras décadas do Século XX. O estudo foi realizado através de recurso a literatura técnico-científica existente e também de pesquisa documental e iconográfica que retratasse narrativas e imagens do turismo em Petrópolis no início de sua organização. Para isso, foram selecionados guias e revistas publicados entre os anos de 1900 e 1930.

Orçamento participativo: seu papel para as mudanças nas relações entre governo e população na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Nos países democráticos a elaboração do orçamento público é uma das mais relevantes atribuições do Poder Legislativo. É através dele que se pode analisar o papel que desempenha como instrumento de transformação social e política, pois os números ali expressos mostram a radiografia do Estado e seu compromisso com a sociedade. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 inaugurou um novo pacto federativo pela descentralização político-administrativa-fmanceira que restabeleceu prerrogativas aos estados e municípios tomando-os mais independentes e autônomos, desse modo, viabilizando o aumento das políticas públicas e sua maior inserção na vida social local. Este contexto possibilita o surgimento de novas formas de gerir as fmanças públicas pela participação da população local na definição dos investimentos governamentais através do chamado Orçamento Participativo - OP. A partir de 1988 uma experiência de participação popular na Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre, RS, tomou possível discutir a alocação dos recursos públicos priorizando as necessidades apontadas pela população. A excelência dos resultados alcançados fez com que a Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU, recomendasse o OP como um instrumento de democratização das relações entre o Estado e a sociedade. Em 1995 é criado no município do Rio de Janeiro o Fórum do Popular do Orçamento com o objetivo de divulgar informações e aprofundar as discussões a respeito do orçamento público municipal. Em 2001 é sancionada a lei que dispõe sobre a utilização do OP pelo governo municipal. Sem regulamentação adequada, a lei não vem sendo aplicada. O presente trabalho procurou conhecer a opinião dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo de implantação do OP no Rio de Janeiro. Pode-se comprovar a impossibilidade da aplicação do instrumento de gestão pela falta de vontade política do Poder Executivo e pela insuficiente mobilização da sociedade.

Mulher, identidade e auto-estima: elementos teóricos para uma reflexão critica

Partindo do pressuposto de que os mitos sociais femininos participam da construção da identidade e da auto-estima da mulher, buscamos levantar questões pertinentes a estes aspectos. Consideramos, especificamente, neste trabalho uma etapa singular da vida da mulher, na qual ela se sente confinada ao universo doméstico, não mais desempenhando as funções femininas engendradas a partir do imaginário social. Observa-os que em alguns casos esta situação caracteriza um momento de crise, no qual a mulher, frequentemente perde a perspectiva do futuro, o que vai influenciar seu modo de “estar" e "atuar" no mundo, ficando ameaçados seu sentimento de identidade e auto-stima. Para uma melhor compreensão do mundo da mulher, incluimos um capitulo sobre algumas contribuições existentes nas diferentes disciplinas (Biologia, Sociologia, Antropologia, História e Psicologia), pois consideramos fundamental uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o estudo proposto. Ao longo do desenvolvimento deste tema, confirmamos a importância e pertinência deste estudo, principalmente neste momento de profundas transformações sociais. Por isso, justificamos a continuidade do nosso trabalho, sugerindo a realização de uma pesquisa empírica a fim de ampliar as colocações aqui feitas, além de contribuir para a práxis do psicólogo neste campo.

Um lugar que passa e sobrevive:o passado e o presente na Vila de Ponta Negra

The Ponta Negra borough is a part and the originally core of Ponta Negra quarter, placed on the South area of Natal/RN city. Its population was constituted by fishermen whose, beyond the fishing work, cultivated small plantations, made carbon and lace. For a long period of time, the borough was isolated from the rest of the city because of the great ground distance and due the fact that the local inhabitants found their own maintenance on the place. The scenery was being little by little modified from de 80 s because of the neighborhood urban development, that became one of the most searching tourism places in the city that turns the borough into a expensive place to live, with plenty of entertainment and high income, due the new habitation standards, new economic activities, new inhabitants belonging to higher social classes, new habits and way of living. The present work aims to verify weather or not, in the middle of all changes, the original social actors that still live in the Ponta Negra borough, are able to keep the traditional community bounds that once guided their existences. On that sense, we will analyze the conflicts that pass through the community, with attention on the sociability, space usage and appropriation

O incesto : discurso e ideologia

This research had as purpose to establish the logic symbolic present in the contemporary society that facilitated the emergency of a public speech on the incest, and, consequently, to demonstrate the ideological nature that structures it. Event associated to the order of the taboo, the incest would be the transgression of the injunction that, second Lévi-Strauss, facilitated the emergency of the Culture while symbolic order, differentiated of the natural order. The injunction of the incest would reveal the elementary and universal structures of the order symbolic presents in the human societies: the demand of the Rule as rule; the reciprocity and the gift, present element in the social changes that it transforms the individuals in partners, increasing a new quality in the transferred value, according to Lévi-Strauss. Starting from this, I developed the hypothesis second which the phenomenon of the alone incest became an event of discursive order and public as right social transformations affected the normative system (social representations, values, moral) regulator of the relationships among the social subjects, being reflected like this, in the own structuring of the Law. A second work hypothesis was developed starting from that. I develop it leaving of the argument that if when inserting the discussion of the thematic of the defense of the children and adolescent rights, being then, considering it while "privileged modality of sexual abuse against children", the present central subjects in the structuring of the social entail would be leaved. Being like this, the partner-institutional speech on the incest would answer the social demands of order and social control, becoming like this, discursive formations of ideological character. This research work tried to follow the hypothesis above referred, demonstrating the singular sense that it will be attributed to the incest in the contemporary society, particularly, its relationship with the Law and the transgression in the contemporary society

As zonas de processamento de exportação como instrumento de desenvolvimento e redução das desigualdades regionais

The existence of inequalities among the Brazilian regions is an indeed fact along the country s history. Before this reality the constitutional legislator inserted into the Federal Constitution of 1988, as a purpose of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the reduction of regional inequalities. The development has also been included as a purpose from the State, because there is an straight relation with the reduction of regional inequalities. In both situations is searched the improvement of people s living conditions. . In pursuit of this achievement, the State must implement public policy, and, for this to happen, it needs the ingress of income inside of the public coffers and support of economic agents, therefore the importance of constitucionalization of the economic policy. The 1988 s Constitution adopted a rational capitalism regime consentaneous with current legal and social conceptions, that s why it enabled the State s intervention into economy to correct the so-called market failures or to make the established objectives fulfilled. About this last one, the intervention may happen by induction through the adoption of regulatory Standards of incentive or disincentive of economic activity. Among the possible inductive ways there are the tax assessments that aim to stimulate the economic agents behavior in view of finding that the development doesn t occur with the same intensity in all of the country s regions. Inside this context there are the Export Processing Zones (EPZs) which are special areas with different customs regime by the granting of benefits to the companies that are installed there. The EPZs have been used, by several countries, in order to develop certain regions, and economic indicators show that they promoted economic and social changes in the places where they are installed, especially because, by attracting companies, they provide job creation, industrialization and increased exports. In Brazil, they can contribute decisively to overcome major obstacles or decrease the attraction of economic agents and economic development of the country. In the case of an instrument known to be effective to achieve the goals established by the Constitution, it is duty of the Executive to push for the law that governs this customs regime is effectively applied. If the Executive doesn t fulfill this duty, incurs into unjustifiable omission, correction likely by the Judiciary, whose mission is to prevent acts or omissions contrary to constitutional order

Regulação do livre acesso no transporte de gás natural à luz da ordem econômica da Constituição de 1988

In the middle of modern social changes produced by globalization and capitalism, several markets have changed. States have left the direct coordination of these markets (chiefly public utility sector in the form of monopolies), introducing regulation in order to promote competition. These changes have affected natural gas industry by promoting competition as a key factor to the development and the increase of firms in this market. The regulatory reform of natural gas industry ocurred in EUA and Europe Union and it has produced its first results. In Brazilian context, Constitutional Amendment nbr. 09 and Federal Law nbr. 9.478/97 ( Petroleum Law ) opened the natural gas market to a broad range of private economic agents and they finished the monopoly over the industry before managed by Petrobras. The new regulatory framework of Brazilian natural gas industry has designed competition as a central element to the new form of managment of business and contractual relationships of this industry. Among the regulatory instruments, open access regulation in natural gas pipelines is directed to promote competition. The questions arised about its implementation in Brazilian context are studied in the present work, in which it is discussed the constitutional rules and principles are to be applied to the open access regulation within the theme of statal regulation of economy present in constitutional economic order

Desistência ao tratamento de usuários de crack no centro de atenção pssicosocial em Campina Grande/PB

This study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of abdication of monitoring/treatment of crack users in a CAPS AD in Campina Grande-PB. That s an exploratory , description approach ,whose theoretical focus was historical-dialect of public politics on alcohol and drugs. The information collected was realized by using the technique of semi-structured interviews, combined with the crack users registered in CAPS AD in Campina Grande between 2007 and 2011.The material collected was subjected to thematic analysis method, obtaining the extraction of the following categories and subcategories of analysis: CATEGORY 1: Factors of abdication of monitoring/treatment in CAPS AD in Campina Grande PB with subcategory 1.1. Abdication on their own , 1.2. To take work/employment, 1.3 . Search for more intensive treatment , 1.4. Due to relapse; CATEGORY 2 : Treatment/monitoring in CAPS AD to the subcategory, 2.1. The dependence of crack and family support as reasons that led to frequent CAPS AD. CATEGORY 3: Living with crack addiction without treatment/monitoring in CAPS AD with the subcategory, 3.1. Religiosity as a therapeutic tool .The results showed a distance between priority for community treatment and the reality where there is lack of information about this kind of treatment and the admission as a solution. The discourse about the abdication of treatment of crack users make reference to the importance of family support, to the influence for the phenomenon of relapse and the affection to religious conceptions. Although the subjects recognize the qualifications of CAPS AD treatment, they try by themselves or by family influence, another ways of hospitalization. This leads us to conclude that it is necessary reflection and assessment of the work of CAPS AD. Counting on the social changes and the need of answers that the phenomenon requires

Vozes sociais e dimensão ética da lingüística aplicada: a construção discursiva da área nos CBLAs

This research deals with Applied Linguistics and its structure as a scientific field, in compliance with knowledge produced within the range of the Brazilian Congresses of Applied Linguistics (CBLA). The purpose of this research is to understand the meanings disclosed by the voices that make up the scientific discourse on this field, pointing toward its course of development, the ethical position that is peculiar to it and how this position is represented in its scientific practice. The scientific discourse typical of the production of knowledge of Applied Linguistics is now construed as leading to practices that define the production of this field of learning whose object is to study man and man s relationship to language. Theoretical groundwork is anchored on the work the Social Sciences have developed on the paradigmatic crises of science and the social changes resulting from modern and post-modern times, on Applied Linguistics researches on the identity of the field of study, its courses and ethics, and on the bakhtinian theory that supports a view of language as a social practice built under the aegis of the subject s ethics and responsibility. The corpus of this work comprises qualitative and quantitative data made into articles presented at the CBLA. The research methodology conforms to the interpretive paradigm and has the concept of social voices as its category of analysis. Results point towards the progress of Applied Linguistics that, from its role as a mediator discipline between linguistic theory and practical applications, is assuming a position in a field of study of its own, independent, with transdisciplinary characteristics, pursuing through its quests and redefinitions to get closer to the dimension of life and assuming the ethical position of taking on responsibility for its doings and sayings

Clarissimo speculo bonitatis Dei : o mundo de Tomás de Celano e a sua leitura de mundus

The aim of this study is to understand the version of St. Francis of Assisi created by Friar Thomas of Celano in his hagiographic works. That study also it examines how the Order of Friars Minor and the Papacy have understood the relationship between Christians and the world and turned thisunderstanding in a version of the Saint. Factors such as the replacement of Neoplatonism byAristotelianism as philosophical paradigm and economic and social changes have contributed to change the interpretation of the biblical mandate to not love the world , no longer interpreted as materiality, but as an order for Christians to flee sin. The rejection of the world was replaced by a greater appreciation of nature and society. Moreover, increasingly, the body went from enemy to friend, becoming the brotherbody. Such analysis is important to review the idea, so common in the historiography of what MaxWeber called Worldly Asceticism, the Christian life lived in society, only emerged in Protestantism in opposition to monasticism. The mendicant orders, especially the minority tried during the thirteenth century, the period of analysis of this work, experience the loving nature of Christianity and acting,through preaching and charity in the cities.To make this work, were analyzed the hagiographic discourse (on San Francisco) made by Thomas of Celano, Vita beati Francisci (called Vita Prima) and Memorial in desideiro anime (named Vita Secunda) and, from this, understand the Celano´s interpretation on how it should be the Christian's relationship with the world. The world ceased to be adistorted reflection of a perfect reality, becoming the perfect reflection of God's goodness.

Por uma "cidade nova": apropriação e uso do solo urbano no terceiro bairro de Natal (1901-1929)

This research aimed to analyze the forms of ownership and use of urban land in Cidade Nova, third official neighborhood of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), between 1901 and 1929. During this period, the city and state authorities began an urban renewal, trying to transform the city, represent it as a new, modernized, able to track the progress and the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. It is observed in Cidade Nova construction of a new material and symbolic territory: the area that was once occupied by huts built by refugees of drought and some summer houses, was, from 1901, transformed, scanned through a urban plan. In Natal various municipal resolutions published between 1901-1929, showed the desires of the group leader to build on Cidade Nova neighborhood a delightful, modernized its structures to reflect the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. The analyzes of the edicts of the materials published in the newspapers A Republica and Diário do Natal, and especially the study of letters of aforamento, demonstrated how many laws were not enforced or resignified, highlighting the existing continuities. Thus, throughout the paper aims to examine how this territory was occupied and used by its inhabitants, such as the granting of land in aforamento may exemplify this practice and noncompliance and how the land was used to consolidate relations of influence and power. After all, the values given to a space, turning it into territory, resulting from the social dimension of this space, in other words, the social categories that use it. Cannot be, therefore, analyze the ways of appropriation and use of urban land in the third neighborhood of Natal without studying individuals who appropriated and used this territory. The study of the allocation of extant aforamentos of land located in this neighborhood process demonstrated the formation of a specific type of market that were at stake not only economic exchanges, but also, and above all symbolic exchanges involving political and social capital. The analysis of such personnel developed market with the lands of Cidade Nova may indicate the existing relations of power between state government, Stewardship and tenants, providing a significant example of this modernization Natal early twentieth century process, guided by a more wealthy group and influential and characterized by limited social changes

Os condomínios horizontais fechados e as transformações socioespaciais na cidade de Natal/RN/

The process of urbanization of Natal city has been going in the last years by importants changes, mainly, because we can observe the development of a new kind of housing: the horizontal closed condominiums, from 1995 began to expand quickly on the city. In this way, the present study has as objective analyse the expansion of the horizontal closed condominiums on the urban area of Natal. Emphasizing the sociogeographic changes that these ventures engender. For this, we have done a research that was based on quantitative procedures, however, preferring a qualitative approach. So, data were gathered from sources and procedures: the first, we performed a literature search and document on issues related to the relevant issues in libraries, public and privates institutions; The second, in accordance with the procedures, or the production of informations, performed enterview and implemetation of questionnaires with key stakeholders involved with the expansion of horizontal condominiums in Natal. Within this perspective, our research showed that the expansion of demand in the city, the existence of volume of land in areas suitable for the production building, the formation of capital property, the appearance of new points of modern consumption, the actions of the state and the low cost of production of these enterprises, are factors that have been decisive in the expansion of the horizontal condominiums in Natal. Also, we can observe that the process of production of the urban space from the horizontal condominiums comes in providing the redefinition of land use in areas that appear, because they expand into outlying areas of Natal, changes in its structure and its pattern of socio segregation, observing that the condominiums put the diferents social groups living side by side, but not mantaining relationships among them, the emergence of spaces to homogenization, the fragmentation of the urbanization, the privatization of the city and several environmental problems. In short, we believe that the horizontal expansion of condominiums is enabling a number of social changes to Natal city

Algumas reflexões sobre relacionamentos afetivos e relações sexuais na adolescência

Sexo e sexualidade são temas bastante abordados pela sociedade e suas instituições, desde a mídia até a universidade. Também a escola de ensino fundamental e médio vem sendo apontada como espaço propício para se trabalhar com orientação sexual, considerando inclusive as questões em voga como a gravidez não planejada na adolescência, as relações de gênero, o combate à homofobia e as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, particularmente a AIDS. O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, estudantes de uma escola pública de ensino médio, tendo como objetivos verificar como pensam e se comportam os jovens frente a questões e atitudes que envolvem sexo e sexualidade. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a redação, em que os sujeitos escreveram sobre idéias, práticas e comportamentos sexuais, sendo que no recorte feito para a apresentação deste artigo, nos prendemos aos relacionamentos afetivos e relações sexuais.