Representações sociais, atores e interesses : a formação das políticas públicas em habitação no Rio Grande do Sul (1999-2002)

Esta dissertação tem como foco a análise das políticas habitacionais durante o governo Olívio Dutra (PT) no Rio Grande do Sul (1999-2002). Partindo da reconstituição dos procedimentos adotados pelo governo em questão para lidar com o "problema habitacional", foi possível identificar aspectos importantes do processo decisório - a influências dos diversos atores sociais, suas estratégias e possibilidades de participação na formação das políticas e seus padrões de relação com o Estado. Considerando que subjacente a qualquer política pública encontra-se um conjunto de valores, crenças e concepções específicas, os programas e planos de ação formulados carregam um sentido análogo às representações sociais dos seus formuladores. A partir dos interesses dos diferentes segmentos no setor da habitação, surge como ponto central a disputa pela criação ou ampliação de espaços de "participação política", ou seja, de canais de acesso à influência efetiva nas decisões governamentais.

O jogo dos papeis e representações sociais na universidade: o estudo de um caso particular

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de descrever as expectativas relacionadas, diretamente, ao de s empenho do papel do professor universitãrio bem como, de modo articulado, descrever a representação social, dele formada no âmbito de uma especifica comunidade universitária pública. Foram realizadas 41 entrevistas com os três segmentos componentes da comunidade universitária, distribuídas da seguinte forma: is professores, 17 alunos e 9 funcionários, recrutados aleatoriamente, em suas unidades de ensino. Estas correspondiam as seguintes áreas: Psicologia, Educação, Filosofia, Ciências Sociais, Hist6ria e Comunicação - que fazem parte de uma mesma aglutinação de interesses, Ciências Humanas. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa para a obtenção dos relatos, através de método de história de vida. Assim, privilegiou-se a obtenção do conhecimento sobre o papel social e representação do professor de graduação, a partir dos relatos dos próprios componentes da comunidade universitária enfocada. O procedimento analítico utilizado para avaliar os depoimentos foi embasado na técnica de análise de conteúdo, através da utilização do método de categorias. A partir de análise detalhada foram surgindo os temas subjacentes a cada uma das categorias e, com isso, pode-se chegar às representações sociais dos professores. Ao trabalhar com essas categorias e seus temas subordinados é que se chegou às principais questões discutidas no presente trabalho: as representações da universidade em suas relações com a sociedade, papéis sociais e representações dos professores por cada um dos componentes dos segmentos entrevistados, as relações entre estes segmentos e as expectativas inerentes ao papel desempenhado pelos professores, entre outros.

Organizações comunitárias e movimentos sociais : conflitos e tensões nos espaços de participação do município de Natal

This study reflects on the conflicts that exist between the different forms of participation and the political representation manifested by community organizations and social movements in the city of Natal/RN. The objective is to better understand the process of political participation of the popular classes and how the different actors have represented collective demands in the struggle for rights. To this end, we mapped the organizations, social movements and participation spaces, through a type of participant research, in which we had the opportunity to experience and study different forms of collective action and events instigated by the community organizations and the Movement for the Struggle in the Neighborhoods, Villages and Slums (Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas) MLB. From the theoretical contributions of authors such as Maria da Glória Gohn, Marco Aurélio Nogueira, Virginia Fontes, Vera da Silva Telles, Roberto Da Matta and Carlos Montaño, as well as the empirical data collected, the study revealed that on representing their segments and occupying different spaces of participation, some actors have formed partnerships with the State, putting collective demands on a second plane. Contrarily, other actors have articulated their struggle around collective demands and manifested through direct action, mobilizing and asserting themselves in defense of a project for society

Inclusão e deficiência: em busca das representações sociais na mídia impressa em Natal/RN

This thesis is the result of an extensive research on print media discourse on the inclusion of disabled people in society. Articles published in the newspapers Diário de Natal/O Poti and Tribuna do Norte from 1992 to 2002 have been analyzed. Beginning with the very same questions that moved Moscovici (1978) in his classic study La Psychalyse son image et son public , according to which the media play a predominant role in the formation and propagation of social representations as well as in the construction of human behaviors, we have chosen this mass media as our investigation field. Understanding the importance of the communication theory, we intend to associate it to the social representation theory, since communication, as an aspiration, relates to the fundamentals of all humanity (WOLTON, 2004, p. 56). Moreover, means of communication represent an important space for symbolic production and representational process, allowing the analysis of the circulating discourses on social inclusion and disability. Based on these questions, we have determined social representations present in print media on the subject to be our study object. This objective was elected due to the fact that the thematic of disability and inclusion is scarcely and sporadically found in journalistic speech. The research questions have been: which is the representation of disabled people s condition in print media? What changes have occurred during the analyzed period and which was the role played by print media in this process? The research corpus was composed of newspaper articles about various aspects concerning disability and of free word association by reporters. We have analysed: 1) graphical language promoted by the picture of the substances propagated in the period from 1992 a 2002; 2) free word association experiments carried out with reporters of both newspapers; and 3) texts published from 1996 to 1997 using the high-tech program ALCESTE (Contextual Lexical Analysis of a Set of Segments of Texts). The results revealed that the print media in Natal/RN refer to the topic in a discontinuous way, and depend on specific events to highlight disabled people s fight for their rights. Social inclusion is still a great challenge for these people in all levels. We believe that this incapacity to overcome all kinds of obstacles is established in a dialectic relation between society and the media: society remains silent (the manifestation of interest for the cause only attracts some people s or groups attention) and the media, which selects which information is to be broadcasted, gives no evidence to the issue. This representation may be noticed in the infrequency in which articles about the subject are published, as well as in the emphasis to sports, a more important issue for the media. An implication of this study is that a new perspective is opened for analysis and reflection: the Paralympics games as both an inclusive and a segregating social phenomenon. It would be beautiful to have all of us together!

As práticas exitosas de leitura no ensino fundamental: vozes sociais de professores e de estudantes

The school is the social place which should provide the formation of critical readers. In this context, the role of the teacher is crucial when it comes to teaching reading. Thus, this doctoral research aims to explicit the reading practices evidenced from social voices of teachers and Fundamental School students from state public schools at RN that have successful results, according to IDEB 2009. Moreover, we seek to explicit, through the positions of teachers, the conceptions of reading underlying their reading activities, as well as elucidate the social voices related to teaching of reading that are present in the National Curriculum Guide for 9 years Fundamental School and in the Political-Pedagogical Projects of the educational institutions investigated. In order to accomplish this goal, we carried out observations in the classroom, applied questionnaires with teachers and students in the 9th grade of Fundamental School, in classes of Portuguese Language, and also performed dialogical meetings with the management and pedagogics schools teams. The theoretical foundation that guides the research comes from bakhtinian thinking (2009, 2010), which addresses the dialogical perspective of language and active responsive comprehension. Furthermore, this work is anchored in theoretical reflections of Antunes (2005, 2009) and Geraldi (2003, 2006, 2010) about the reading and writing in the country, which contribute to the resizing of the teaching and learning process of Portuguese Language. This study belongs to the field of Applied Linguistics, which investigates language as social practice in the context of learning mother language or in contexts where relevant questions about the use of language are evidenced. The parameters of qualitative research in a social-historic perspective are adopted seeking to understand the school context by the subjects involved in research. The research corpus is composed of: (i) information constructed through the use of questionnaires with teachers and students; (ii) information constructed from the observed lesson and dialogue with management and pedagogical teams; (iii) a set of selected information, i.e., empiricism built through documentary analysis of the National Curriculum Guide for 9 years Fundamental School (CONSELHO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, 2010) and the Political- Pedagogical Projects of the investigated schools. The analysis of the sayings of teachers and students suggest reading practices from various texts, in particular, from the literary sphere, in activities involving discussions, reading and reading comprehension exercises, interviews, songs, seminars organizations, concerts, dramatizations, literary weeks, among other practices. Furthermore, these analyses reveal that teach Portuguese Language requires commitment, responsibility and satisfaction, as well as more grounded theoretical principles, which make teaching practice more efficient. The research also reveals that the success of the teaching-learning process occurs by virtue of the involvement of school s segments in the educational process, creating therefore a network of responsibilities. In this sense, this research may contribute to the production of knowledge that can guide and enrich the teaching and learning of reading, envisioning a pedagogical practice constructed from the relationship with the other, i.e., from the dialogism which provides formation of young people that exercise their citizenship

Serviço Social e Política: uma análise da participação dos assistentes sociais no Conselho Regional de Serviço Social 14ª região

This paper analyzes the political participation of Social Workers at the Social Service Regional Council Region 14th. The theoretical and methodological framework of this investigation has as its perspective the totality of social life and its determining relations within the object of study. To the production, analysis and collecting of data it was used a qualitative approach considering a bibliographical and documental research as well as a series of twelve interviews with 2005-2008 and 2008-2011 managing counselors of CRESS/RN. It was also used the data obtained from other special interviews held with the social workers in the period between 2007 and 2008. The results of this study allow and affirm the political dimension of Caseworkers and the CRESS/RN as a space of political activity with opportunities for effective and collective elaboration of strategies in order to reach the fulfillment of the ethical and professional policy of the Social Work. From a historical viewpoint, the beginning of this process is marked by the struggle for democracy, the end of military dictatorship, the establishment of the State of Human Rights. The Democratization of the so called Federal Council of Social Workers and its Regional Councils of Social Workers, CFAS / CRAS, respectively, area a result of the participation of the category in an effort to fight for democratization in Brazil. The objective of this research, so, is to understand which the socio-historical determinants are, that focus objectively and subjectively in the demobilization of social workers in CRESS Region 14th - in the contemporary and historical context. Among the results obtained we identified the ignorance of some professional workers and also of some advisors, regarding the existence and the role of the Council, as well as the commercialization of Education that compromises the quality of the professional training in its theoretical and methodological, ethical and political dimensions. According to our understanding, this shows a the presence of a non-critical professional profile based on a false reality, on the precariousness of employment contracts which undermine the political organization and submit the worker to various social exploring mechanisms such as double shift and ultimately the fragility of the management of the Regional Council -, as a consequence of the offensive capitalist system that ideologically invests to stop the political organization founded in a critical and democratic perspective. The low participation of some advisors and, in general, the category in CRESS / RN, despite its objective conditions, is a reality and it is presented to us as a challenge to future managements and policy consolidation to society. Inasmuch as the category intends to guarantee the high quality of its social workers, the demands of future counselors, their skills and abilities in dealing with regulatory issues, administrative policies that pervade the everyday life of CRESS / RN are necessary

Integração de critérios técnicos, ambientais e sociais em estudos de alternativas locacionais para implantação de aterro sanitário

A Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente tem como objetivo a conciliação do desenvolvimento econômico e social com a qualidade ambiental, e dispõe de vários instrumentos que procuram contemplara capacidade de suporte do meio. Assim, a discussão sobre a localização das atividades é uma etapa importante para a avaliação da viabilidade ambiental de um determinado empreendimento, notadamente em processos de licenciamento ambiental. O trabalho apresenta uma abordagem metodológica para integração de critérios técnicos, ambientais e sociais em estudos de alternativas de localização de aterros sanitários, com especial atenção à interação entre os aspectos ambientais e os elementos fundamentais de um projeto (a saber, requisitos locacionais e concepção tecnológica), aplicado em um estudo de caso em São Carlos (SP). Como resultados principais, destacam-se o maior foco nos impactos significativos e a possibilidade de envolvimento de segmentos importantes da sociedade previamente à elaboração dos estudos ambientais.

A participação dos movimentos sociais urbanos na produção do espaço de João Pessoa-PB

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Economia solidária e tecnologias sociais: mediação para a emancipação social de grupos autogestionários

The goal of this paper is to critically analyze the practices developed by Solidarity Economy and to merge them with social technologies, aiming to achieve social transformation of popular groups. This transformation consists in the empowerment of those groups in means of work organization, considering their self-management and also the development of techniques and technologies utilized. Based on the understanding that technical development has no neutral character and it follows linearity within society, a discussion around the forms and uses of technology is conducted here, aiming at the perspective of changes in technologies’ development and also assigning social character to them. To think of social technology requires us to consider the space in which it is inserted, once it refers to a collective demand that belongs to self-managed groups. Therefore, to intent beyond self-management work, new productive forces are discussed here, and also the analysis and adhesion of an alternative technology for popular cooperatives

Diga-me quem tu és: o léxico-marketing na publicidade e o comportamento de gêneros sociais

It is unanimous among lexicologists that lexical units present deep marks in the representativeness of cultural and behavioral issues. Thus, some scholars have been proposing methodologies in order to enable the verification, scientifically, of mechanisms to systematize the lexicon within a specific time/space. In this way, it would be possible to promote discussions about its relations with social matters. These lexical contents can be analyzed, for instance, in the publicity having in mind its power of extending the desires of its receiver/customer to the acquisition of products/services since it is a media outlet that provide aids, by means of verbal texts produced by advertising editors, in order to deal with issues of our society, as those related to female and male genders. From all of this, the present article aims at organizing lexical items in market segments, here referred to lexicon-marketing, so as to make possible observation of social behaviors in the universes of both women and men.

Cenários prospectivos e desenvolvimento de cidades a partir da visão de atores sociais: um estudo sobre o município de Marília/SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Manuais de conduta em mídias sociais e sua contribuição para a democracia digital: um estudo de manuais brasileiros

Information and communication technology have contributed to the realization of the ideals of citizen participation in public decisions, as well as to help in fighting corruption and wrongdoing in government. After all, democracy entails the right to information. The government, in many spheres, has encouraged the responsible use of the internet. Conduct manuals and standards have been published for public segments to direct the responsible use of these tools by their agents. This article aims to determine whether the manuals comply with the principles of digital democracy. Conduct manuals were analyzed in digital media from four Brazilian public organizations: Embrapa; Department of Communication of the Federal Government; Judiciary and Health Department of the Federal District. As a methodology, content analysis, based on criteria focused on transparency and encouraging civic engagement was used.

Movimentos sociais, ecologia digital, mídias radicais e as narrativas anticapitalistas na esfera pública alternativa global

This article seeks to contribute to the debate on the importance of cultural collective producers of anti-capitalist content, ownership of digital ecology by subaltern segments, the creation of the opposition media to exclusionary globalization and the articulation of alternative and radical public sphere for the recent demonstrations policies in planetary scale. Data were collected in the first half of 2013, on a course completion project in vehicles with citizen journalism characteristics ["Portal Fórum", "Outras Palavras" and "Observatório da Imprensa"]. Partial these mapping results indicate that these manifestations inherited anti-capitalist demands of previous decades, and amplified in [by digitally pathways] in political demonstrations that swept those abrasive months in major cities worldwide.

Integração de critérios técnicos, ambientais e sociais em estudos de alternativas locacionais para implantação de aterro sanitário

A Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente tem como objetivo a conciliação do desenvolvimento econômico e social com a qualidade ambiental, e dispõe de vários instrumentos que procuram contemplara capacidade de suporte do meio. Assim, a discussão sobre a localização das atividades é uma etapa importante para a avaliação da viabilidade ambiental de um determinado empreendimento, notadamente em processos de licenciamento ambiental. O trabalho apresenta uma abordagem metodológica para integração de critérios técnicos, ambientais e sociais em estudos de alternativas de localização de aterros sanitários, com especial atenção à interação entre os aspectos ambientais e os elementos fundamentais de um projeto (a saber, requisitos locacionais e concepção tecnológica), aplicado em um estudo de caso em São Carlos (SP). Como resultados principais, destacam-se o maior foco nos impactos significativos e a possibilidade de envolvimento de segmentos importantes da sociedade previamente à elaboração dos estudos ambientais.

Reinóis versus naturais nas disputas pelos lugares eclesiásticos do Altântico português: aspectos sociais e políticos (século XVIII)

Este artigo elege a clivagem naturais/ reinóis como vetor principal de análise das características do clero presente no espaço Atlântico português. Aborda os clérigos seculares dos Açores, da Madeira e do Brasil durante o século XVIII. Identifica os traços principais do perfil dos sacerdotes que se habilitaram no Santo Ofício e a origem dos titulares das prebendas dos cabidos do centro-sul brasileiro: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Demonstra-se que o acesso aos lugares do poder eclesiástico foi permeado por uma série de dinâmicas sociais e políticas, intermediando as relações entre a coroa, as elites locais e segmentos intermédios.