Feasibility planning study for a behavior data base. Volume 1 - summary. Volume 2 - appendix A: summary information on the drinking and driving and occupant restraint surveys. Volume 3 - appendix B: compendium of survey questions on drinking and driving and occupant restraints. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Computer study to determine the combined performance of air bags and belt restraint systems. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Passive restraint development of light trucks and vans. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

School bus seat restraint and seat anchorage system. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Development and evaluation of a belt restraint system for small cars using force limiting. Technical final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Child restraint systems evaluation using baboons and child-sized dummies. Volume 1 - final report and appendices A-C.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Vehicle integration and evaluation of advanced restraint systems - restraint systems analyses. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Vehicle integration and evaluation of advanced restraint systems. Phase A - test report: Volvo-to-Volvo [and] Volvo-to-barrier test.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

The Actors' remonstrance, or complaint, for the silencing of their profession, and banishment from their severall playhouses. In which is fully set downe their grievances for their restraint ... As it was presented, in the names and behalfes of all our London comedians ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Cases on contracts and combinations in restraint of trade, selected from the decisions of English and American courts,

Paged continuously.

Safety belt usage among drivers : use of child restraint devices, passenger safety belts and position of passengers in cars : motorcycle helmet usage /

Final report; May 1980.

Development and testing of an airbag and energy absorbing lap belt combination restraint system: final report.

"Contract no. FH-11-6962."

Comparison of stress induced by manual restraint and immobilisation in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus

This study compared the stress induced in captive estuarine crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, by two different handling methods: manual restraint (noosing with ropes) and immobilization by electro-stunning. To stun, a short charge (approx. 6 s) at 110 V was delivered to the back of the necks of C. porosus using a custom-built device, which immobilized the animals for 5-10 min. Immobilized and restrained animals were measured and sexed, and the condition of the skin assessed. Blood samples were taken from some animals immediately after restraint or immobilization. Other animals were returned to their pens to recover for periods of 30 min, 1, 4, 12, 24 or 48 hours after which they were stunned and blood samples taken. Individual animals (mean body length 1.96 m, N=99) were bled only once. Haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations were measured and plasma samples were analysed for corticosterone, glucose and lactate levels. Following restraint, there were significant increases in haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose, lactate and corticosterone concentrations in C. porosus. For restrained animals, recovery to baseline levels occurred after approximately 8 hours. The stress response of stunned animals was significantly reduced compared to manually captured and restrained crocodiles. Both groups showed a significant increase in haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and lactate levels, however the magnitude of change was significantly reduced, and recovery was faster in stunned animals. No increase in either glucose or corticosterone levels occurred with immobilisation. The results imply that immobilization by electro-stunning is much less stressful. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Seclusion of children and adolescents: Psychopathological and family factors

This paper describes the use of seclusion in a child and adolescent inpatient unit, including precipitating events, management strategies, details of seclusion episodes and individual and family risk factors. Inpatient ward documentation of seclusion episodes, demographic data and measures of individual psychopathology and impairment, parent mental health, life events and family functioning were used to compare secluded, non-secluded and outpatient groups. Secluded individuals had elevated psychopathology compared with non-secluded inpatients and outpatients. Their families reported poorer parental mental health and family functioning and more recent stressful life events. The results indicate that seclusion is most common among high-risk inpatients.

Patterns of neuronal activation in the rat brain and spinal cord in response to increasing durations of restraint stress

By most accounts the psychological stressor restraint produces a distinct pattern of neuronal activation in the brain. However, some evidence is incongruous with this pattern, leading us to propose that the restraint- induced pattern in the central nervous system might depend on the duration of restraint used. We therefore determined the pattern of neuronal activation ( as indicated by the presence of Fos protein) seen in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, locus coeruleus, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and thoracic spinal cord of the rat in response to 0, 15, 30 or 60 min periods of restraint. We found that although a number of cell groups displayed a linear increase in activity with increasing durations of restraint ( e. g. hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) cells, medial amygdala neurons and sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the thoracic spinal cord), a number of cell groups did not. For example, in the central amygdala restraint produced both a decrease in CRF cell activity and an increase in non-CRF cell activity. In the locus coeruleus, noradrenergic neurons did not display Fos in response to 15 min of restraint, but were significantly activated by 30 or 60 min restraint. After 30 or 60 min restraint a greater degree of activation of more rostral A1 noradrenergic neurons was observed compared with the pattern of A1 noradrenergic neurons in response to 15 min restraint. The results of this study demonstrate that restraint stress duration determines the amount and the pattern of neuronal activation seen in response to this psychological stressor.