FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE E ENSINO SUPERIOR A DISTÂNCIA: TRANSIÇÃO PARADIGMÁTICA E OS IMPACTOS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO

O século XXI trouxe profundas modificações na organização das sociedades e consequentemente no mundo do trabalho no âmbito da educação. O crescimento exponencial da dinâmica da comunicação nas sociedades possibilita a multiplicação generalizada de visões de mundo, a tecnologia é um agente de mudança e as inovações tecnológicas podem resultar em uma revolucionária quebra de paradigma educacional. Diante dos impasses de um mundo globalizado, em constante mutação cultural, surgem novas possibilidades de mediações que geram diferentes perspectivas para os processos educativos com a introdução das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) e da Educação a Distância (EaD). Por esta razão, a Formação Docente é pesquisada tendo como objetivo analisar os impactos e as contribuições que as tecnologias trazem para este campo, especialmente no curso de Pedagogia, considerando uma experiência em EaD e sua relação com o curso na modalidade presencial a partir dos pressupostos norteadores do Projeto Pedagógico Institucional (PPI) na instituição pesquisada. Foi relevante perceber no decorrer da pesquisa bibliográfica e do estudo de campo que as duas modalidades apóiam-se na concepção de educação que está subjacente e que orienta as escolhas teórico-metodológicas adotadas pela instituição no seu PPI. A educação a distância possibilita a construção de um ambiente de aprendizagem mediado pelas TICs e novas compreensões sobre o processo de ensinar e aprender. O estudo mostra que a formação docente nesta modalidade deve estar articulada com o processo educativo e ter como eixo a concepção de um sujeito capaz de estabelecer novas formas de expressão e conhecimentos para trabalhar em uma educação do futuro. Portanto, é necessário pensar na Intencionalidade de sua formação, de modo a capacitá-lo com visão pedagógica crítica e objetivando que seja capaz de intervir no desenvolvimento educacional como um intelectual transformador.(AU)

Aplicação da tecnologia eletroquímica para a remoção e monitoramento de metais pesados em efluentes aquosos

Heavy metals are present in industrial waste. These metals can generate a large environmental impact contaminating water, soil and plants. The chemical action of heavy metals has attracted environmental interest. In this context, this study aimed to test t he performance of electrochemical technologies for removing and quantifying heavy metals. First ly , the electroanalytical technique of stripping voltammetry with glassy carbon electrode (GC) was standardized in order to use this method for the quantificatio n of metals during their removal by electrocoagulation process (EC). A nalytical curves were evaluated to obtain reliability of the determin ation and quantification of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ separately or in a mixture. Meanwhile , EC process was developed using an el ectrochemical cell in a continuous flow (EFC) for removing Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ . The se experiments were performed using Al parallel plates with 10 cm of diameter (  63.5 cm 2 ) . The optimization of conditions for removing Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ , dissolved in 2 L of solution at 151 L h - 1 , were studied by applying different values of current for 30 min. Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ concentrations were monitored during electrolysis using stripping voltammetry. The results showed that the removal of Pb 2 + was effective when the EC pro cess is used, obtaining removals of 98% in 30 min. This behavior is dependent on the applied current, which implies an increase in power consumption. From the results also verified that the stripping voltammetry technique is quite reliable deter mining Pb 2+ concentration , when compared with the measurements obtained by atomic absorption method (AA). In view of this, t he second objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ (mixture solution) by EC . Removal efficiency increasing current was confirmed when 93% and 100% of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ was removed after 30 min . The increase in the current promotes the oxidation of sacrificial electrodes, and consequently increased amount of coagulant, which influences the removal of heavy metals in solution. Adsortive voltammetry is a fast, reliable, economical and simple way to determine Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ during their removal. I t is more economical than those normally used, which require the use of toxic and expensive reagents. Our results demonstrated the potential use of electroanalytical techniques to monitor the course of environmental interventions. Thus, the application of the two techniques associated can be a reliable way to monitor environmental impacts due to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals.

Avaliação dos impactos do uso do sistema de gestão hospitalar no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes

The object of this study was motivated by the need to know the possible causes of differences in results achieved in the implementation of a Computerised Management System (CMS) in a Federal University Hospital, located in northeastern Brazil, to understand the factors that influenced the results in different groups when was used the same systems implementation methodologies. Considering the implication of managers, health professionals, other professionals involved and the existing organizational structure in the period when implantation occurred, aimed to know the perception of these people about the development of CMS in the deployment process in your group or sector and also in the organization.The methodology used in this study was the content analysis which provides a rich set of methodological tools for evaluating speeches,enabling us to discourse from the unknown analysis and subjectivity, but with scientific rigor, allowing, at the end, to understand the disparity in results in the implementation of CMS.It was used as a research tool, a semi-structured interview, which exploits a qualitative approach, as suggested by the authors. It was used the approach of the episodic interview, to be more narrative about the experiences of the interview participants in their practical experience along the CMS deployment process in the hospital.Were interviewed three groups of professional and a group of managers, all with higher education in their professions and who participated in the entire implementation process from the beginning.It followed the Bardin's methodology (2009) in all the phases of treatment and interpretation of data, where emerged three categories: the "Thought and Knowledge"; the "Practices and Changes"; the "Obtained Results". From the category "Thought and Knowledge"emerged three subcategories: the "Administrative", the "Institutional" and the "IT Knowledge". From the category "Practices and Changes" emerged three subcategories: "Reality Prior to CMS"; "The IT Project and the implementation of CMS" and "Impacts of the CMS Implementation". From the category "Results Obtained" emerged three subcategories: "Benefits Promoted by CMS", "Dissatisfaction Observed" and "Level of Use and Understanding CMS ". It was observed that the lack of integration of the sectors was a determinant problem in the implementation of CMS. The CMS implementation project was not well dimensioned and divulged in the institution. Different models of leaderships and of objectives of the sectors influenced in the course of the CMS implementation process. We can mention that an CMS should be a consolidation of organizational practices tool already institutionalized and of integration amongthe sectors and not supporting to isolated practices and personalistsfrom sectors of the institution.

Os impactos na qualidade da água e do solo de um manancial tropical do semiárido devido ao uso e ocupação e evento de seca extrema

Human activities alter soil features, causing the deterioration of its quality. Land use and occupation in drainage basins of water supply reservoirs can change the environmental soil quality and, thus, lead to the expansion of the soil potential of being a diffuse pollution source. In the Brazilian semiarid region, the soils are generally shallow with high susceptibility to erosion, favoring the sediment and nutrients input into the superficial waterbodies, contributing to the eutrophication process. Moreover, this region has high temperatures and high evapotranspiration rates, that are generally higher than the precipitation rates, causing a negative hydric balance and big volume losses by evaporation. The water volume reduction increases the nutrients’ concentration and, therefore, exacerbates the eutrophication process, deteriorating the water quality. Thereby, we hypothesized that the eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs is intensified both by the extreme climatic events of prolonged drought, and by the diffuse pollution due to the basin land use and occupation. The study aimed to test whether the land use and occupation activities of the basin and the severe drought events intensify the eutrophication process of a semiarid tropical reservoir. To verify the influence of human activities carried out in the water supply of drainage basin on the soil quality and the eutrophication process, we conducted the mapping of the kind of use and occupation, as well the calculation of erosion for each activity and the soil quality evaluation of the riparian zone and water quality of the water supply. For the water analyses, the samplings were carried out monthly in the deeper point, near dam. For the soil, deformed composite samples were taken for the physical and chemical attributes analysis, according to the identified land use and occupation classes. The results showed that extreme droughts drastically reduces the water volume and elevates the nutrients concentration, contributing, thus, to a bigger degradation of water quality. Furthermore, we verified that human activities in the drainage basin promote the diffuse pollution, by increasing the soil susceptibility to erosion and nutrients contents. Summarizing, our results support the investigated hypothesis that activities of land use and occupation and extreme drought generate a combined effect that provide the intensification of eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs.

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Alteração do estado trófico durante um evento de seca prolongada e seus impactos na biomassa algal de um manancial tropical da região semiárida

The main consequence of eutrophication is an increase in algal biomass, mainly cyanobacterial blooms. The high evaporation and low precipitation, characteristics of semiarid regions, contribute to the nutrients availability increase in drought periods and consequent aggravation of eutrophic condition in reservoirs. Climate changes tend to intensify eutrophication symptoms, mostly in a semiarid region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an extended drought in algal biomass in Parelhas’s Boqueirão, a mesotrophic reservoir located in a semiarid tropical region. The low volume was associated to water quality degradation and to the high nutrients concentrations and low water transparency. The increase in nutrients availability in the water column, consequence of reduced precipitation and low reservoir’s volume, provided the necessary resources for algal growth and allowed a change in trophic state in Boqueirão reservoir. This study showed how an extended drought decreases water quality. The effect of drought in Boqueirão was late detected due to the reservoir´s low initial nutrients concentration. The reservoir´s volume reduction increased the nutrient availability along with the algal biomass increase and the reservoir´s trophic state change of mesotrophic to eutrophic.

Impactos da adoção de sistemas de informação no judiciário: pesquisa com usuários do sistema processual virtual em um juizado especial federal

The Information Technology (IT) is increasing his applicability to business, both private and public companies. It is necessary the adequate use of the new technologies and get cooperation and technology acceptance of the system. People tend to resist to the changes, contributing so that the technology is rejected or even it is not recognized as promoting of the changes. This study is relevant and aim to evaluate the impacts of new technologies, considering their users as fundamental factors in the change process. The survey analyzed the advantages and the barriers of the system use in three federal special judicial of Rio Grande do Norte, with data collected in May of 2007, through the application of questionnaires to thirty eight users of the virtual system CRETA. The users' perception was evaluated, under the optics of five variables: efficiency, image, agility, ease of use and quality. Starting from the obtained results, it was evidenced that the implementation of the system felt accordingly the expected and it reached the objectives intended that were: the velocity and efficiency in the path of the lawsuits, larger productivity, resulting in a better quality of the final work introduced to the citizen and proportionate an improvement in the organizational image of the judiciary power

Avaliação dos parâmetros de insensibilização e os impactos na qualidade da carne de perus (Meleagris gallopavo)

Brazil is the third largest producer and exporter of turkey meat, especially in Paraná state, with the largest production volume. In worldwide the animal welfare is a prerequisite for food quality of animal origin, especially in Europe. The Regulation of European Community No 1099/2009 provides requirements for poultry stunning that associate with animal welfare as a means to minimize the pain and suffering from the slaughter. Improper application of callousness should produce low-quality meat, and significant industry losses. This Research aimed to evaluate the impacts on the quality of meat from turkeys, applying electrical stunning parameters established in the Regulation No 1099/2009 of the Council of 24 September 2009. Was applied an outline with 8 tests set equidistantly to frequency, and set parameters for current and voltage, and a control test. Were conducted qualitative assessments of hematoms and bruises / fractures in carcasses, hematoms, blood splashed and bleeding in turkey breast, and quantitative pH, color (L *), water holding capacity and shear force in turkey breast. The individual assessments showed no significant difference (p>0,05). In multivariate cluster analysis was the formation of two distinct groups: group 1 - 50 Hz to 200 Hz (low frequency) and group 2 - 633 Hz to 1500 Hz (high frequency), which showed significant difference (p= 0,016). In principal component analysis multivariate, the group 1 tend to have a higher incidence of bruising, blood splashed, bleeding and water holding capacity in breast turkeys, and bruises / fractures and hematoms on carcasses. The Group 2 tends to have a lower incidence of these parameters, and higher pH values, shear force and color (L *). Positive correlation was obtained for the parameters pH and shear force (r= 0.7506, p=0.0198); bleeding and splashed blood (r= 0.8811, p= 0.0017), and negative correlation to color (L*) and splashed blood on breast (r= -0.7889; p= 0.0115); breast hematoms and shear force (r= -0.7844; p= 0.0123). It has been observed that at lower frequencies stunning tends to have higher incidence of defects in the carcasses and turkey breast. The use of high frequencies in stunning, create smaller quantity of trimming, and an increase in turkey breast volume produced, with a financial gain of approximately R$250,000.00 / year. Moreover, there is no need increase the workers to do the trimming tasks and, therefore, higher financial results for companies. Therefore, we recommend the use of high frequencies in the stunning of turkeys.

Impactos da adoção de sistemas de informação no judiciário: pesquisa com usuários do sistema processual virtual em um juizado especial federal

The Information Technology (IT) is increasing his applicability to business, both private and public companies. It is necessary the adequate use of the new technologies and get cooperation and technology acceptance of the system. People tend to resist to the changes, contributing so that the technology is rejected or even it is not recognized as promoting of the changes. This study is relevant and aim to evaluate the impacts of new technologies, considering their users as fundamental factors in the change process. The survey analyzed the advantages and the barriers of the system use in three federal special judicial of Rio Grande do Norte, with data collected in May of 2007, through the application of questionnaires to thirty eight users of the virtual system CRETA. The users' perception was evaluated, under the optics of five variables: efficiency, image, agility, ease of use and quality. Starting from the obtained results, it was evidenced that the implementation of the system felt accordingly the expected and it reached the objectives intended that were: the velocity and efficiency in the path of the lawsuits, larger productivity, resulting in a better quality of the final work introduced to the citizen and proportionate an improvement in the organizational image of the judiciary power

Impactos socioeconômocos e ambientais e construção de cenários em áreas tradicionais e de expansão da cana-de-açúcar no N-Ne do Brasil.

2009

Dispositivos sociais de comunicação como mediadores do alfabetizar letrando: compreensão e impactos na prática pedagógica

Nesta dissertação, discutiu-se sobre as atividades desenvolvidas na sala de aula no processo de letramento. A ênfase do texto está no aprendizado da criança. No entanto, a pesquisa incluiu também, a visão dos professores e dos pais nesse processo ensino-aprendizagem. Ao longo do desenvolvimento da pesquisa, buscouse defender a adoção de práticas inovadoras, de Tecnologias da Comunicação e da Informação e vivências sociais, tendo como objetivo Investigar a contribuição dos dispositivos sociais de leitura no letramento de crianças da pré-escola de uma escola da rede pública de Fortaleza. Desse modo, no contexto pedagógico, foi desencadeado um conjunto de repercussões, sendo possível: Analisar como os dispositivos contribuem para o letramento das crianças; Investigar quais os dispositivos sociais de leitura são usados na família e na escola. Tendo como fundamento um pesquisa de natureza etnográfica, o texto buscou descrever as atividades, suas ações e motivações de acordo com a visão dos atores envolvidos. Assim, foi descrito a realidade da sala de aula, centrando-se inicialmente na professora da sala de aula, depois apresentando algumas das atividades desenvolvidas pela professora com os alunos, e em seguida, analisando a percepção dos pais a respeito da proposta e dos reflexos no aprendizado das crianças. O caráter inovador das atividades mostra que as crianças são incentivadas utilizando um espaço e um tempo para desenvolver as atividades, desenvolvendo ações que, diretamente não está relacionada a proposta pedagógica, mas que bem trabalhada desenvolve a curiosidade e amplia os conhecimentos as crianças. Empiricamente, os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que as possibilidades reais de construção do conhecimento, assim como a existência de uma força educativa de modo a desenvolver habilidades em direção a um aproveitamento escolar inclusivo, eficaz e efetivo.

Dispositivos sociais de comunicação como mediadores do alfabetizar letrando: compreensão e impactos na prática pedagógica

Nesta dissertação, discutiu-se sobre as atividades desenvolvidas na sala de aula no processo de letramento. A ênfase do texto está no aprendizado da criança. No entanto, a pesquisa incluiu também, a visão dos professores e dos pais nesse processo ensino-aprendizagem. Ao longo do desenvolvimento da pesquisa, buscouse defender a adoção de práticas inovadoras, de Tecnologias da Comunicação e da Informação e vivências sociais, tendo como objetivo Investigar a contribuição dos dispositivos sociais de leitura no letramento de crianças da pré-escola de uma escola da rede pública de Fortaleza. Desse modo, no contexto pedagógico, foi desencadeado um conjunto de repercussões, sendo possível: Analisar como os dispositivos contribuem para o letramento das crianças; Investigar quais os dispositivos sociais de leitura são usados na família e na escola. Tendo como fundamento um pesquisa de natureza etnográfica, o texto buscou descrever as atividades, suas ações e motivações de acordo com a visão dos atores envolvidos. Assim, foi descrito a realidade da sala de aula, centrando-se inicialmente na professora da sala de aula, depois apresentando algumas das atividades desenvolvidas pela professora com os alunos, e em seguida, analisando a percepção dos pais a respeito da proposta e dos reflexos no aprendizado das crianças. O caráter inovador das atividades mostra que as crianças são incentivadas utilizando um espaço e um tempo para desenvolver as atividades, desenvolvendo ações que, diretamente não está relacionada a proposta pedagógica, mas que bem trabalhada desenvolve a curiosidade e amplia os conhecimentos as crianças. Empiricamente, os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que as possibilidades reais de construção do conhecimento, assim como a existência de uma força educativa de modo a desenvolver habilidades em direção a um aproveitamento escolar inclusivo, eficaz e efetivo.

Impactos do Processo de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências no Alentejo (2001-2005): a dimensão profissional

No âmbito de um projecto de investigação “As Novas Núpcias da Qualificação no Alentejo” - desenvolvido no Centro de Investigação em Educação e Psicologia da Universidade de Évora e financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - definiu-se, como objectivo geral do estudo, conhecer e caracterizar os eventuais percursos escolares, profissionais e pessoais que os indivíduos certificados pelo processo de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências (RVCC), no Alentejo, no período 2001-2005 concretizaram após a conclusão desse processo.

Agricultura urbana: impactos económicos, sociais e ecológicos

Cada vez mais as cidades e as áreas metropolitanas e comunidades adjacentes refletem áreas de agricultura de distintas tipologias. O Programa de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas estima que 15% dos alimentos em todo o mundo são cultivados em cidades havendo países onde a agricultura urbana é um meio de contornar a escassez de alimentos e outros onde é uma forma de rendimento e subsistência. A agricultura urbana é hoje observada como uma estratégia que pode desempenhar um papel significativo ao nível social, económico, ecológico e pedagógico, nomeadamente 1 Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e FEDER / COMPETE (concessão PEst-C/EGE/UI4007/2013). Com o apoio financeiro da FCT/MEC através de fundos Nacionais e quando aplicável co-financiado pelo FEDER no Âmbito do acordo de parceria PT2020. 1 ESADR 2016 -­‐ VIII Congresso APDEA – II Encontro Lusófono Economia, Sociologia, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural) – 7-­‐ 9 Setembro de 2016 expresso na possibilidade de apoio financeiro a famílias pobres, ocupação e capacitação profissional, desenvolvimento comunitário, melhoria da segurança alimentar de famílias, educação em saúde, promoção da sustentabilidade do uso do solo e do património agrícola urbano e, ainda, uma maior proximidade à natureza como forma de procura de maior qualidade de vida urbana, entre outros. Esta importância da agricultura no espaço urbano tem vindo a ser consolidada dentro dos domínios originais a que acresceram outros, um reforço que coloca em evidência a multifuncionalidade característica à paisagem e, consequentemente, a sua transdisciplinaridade. Expressa-o o facto de, no passado, essa componente agrícola em espaço urbano ter estado intrinsecamente ligada aos domínios sociais e económicos e de, no presente, se encontrar ainda relacionada com os domínios ecológicos e pedagógicos. O presente artigo explora o papel da agricultura urbana numa abordagem transdisciplinar, centrada nos seus benefícios para os utilizadores e para a sociedade e nos desafios encontrados pelos agricultores urbanos e tomadores de decisão municipais envolvidos. O objetivo é o de fazer uma revisão de literatura procurando identificar as tendências atuais, esforços e lacunas na pesquisa dos impactos da agricultura urbana em distintos contextos e escalas.