1000 resultados para estimativa de parcela de campo
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fire is a common event in different ecosystems and can both be caused by humans or have natural sources.. In many of these ecosystems, natural fires are an important factor that determines the vegetation. The reduction of tree cover by fire for example, resulted in the evolution of several species-rich ecosystems, dominated by C4 grasses. However, the fire caused by human actions may have greater intensity and lead to negative responses of vegetation, since man changed the fire regime in many parts of the world, such as in the Cerrado. The passage of fire can benefit herbaceous and woody seedlings that cannot compete with the dominant grass layer. It removes the dead biomass and litter (major components of the fuel load), opening up spaces within the grass matrix that allow the establishment of other species. After some time without fire, an increase in shrub cover and decrease herbaceous layer can be observed. One of the major consequences of the absence of fire in savanna and grassland ecosystems is the accumulation of flammable dead biomass (mainly composed of graminoids), which will probably be the fuel load of the next burning thus, fires will be more intense and hotter. Moreover, very frequent burns lead to a reduction in the frequency and density of grasses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quantity and quality of biomass in areas with different fire history (fire exclusion for 2 and 7 years) in areas of campo sujo in central Cerrado. Plots (1x1m) were established in both areas and all aboveground biomass of each plot was cut at ground level and put in paper bags in the field. In the laboratory, the material was sorted into live and dead biomass. In addition, live biomass was separated into different functional groups (graminoids, forbs, Vellozia spp, palm and shrubs). The material was oven dried for two days at 80°C and subsequently weighed. In both areas, we found a dominance of graminoid and dead biomass. The area...
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The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT
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The objective of this research was to estimate the productivity (PRODUT) in sc/ha of coffee conilon through the technique of cokriging, using as covariate the production of humid coffee (PROD) in kg and compare the results with estimates obtained by kriging ordinary. The study was conducted in a commercial area of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora Pierre var. conilon, located in São Mateus Municipality, Espirito Santo State. For the field work was sampled the humid coffee production in a sampling grid irregular of 18.5 ha, 87 sampling points in the total. We also determined the production of dry coffee beans and coffee benefited 12% moisture, to obtain the PRODUT variable. After exploratory data analysis, which showed the correlation between variables in the order of 0.899, was performed variogram analysis. Were adjusted theoretical variograms to PROD and PRODUT and cross variogram between two variables. Finally we estimated the value of productivity, both by ordinary kriging as per cokriging. The validation of the estimation by cokriging not shows, however, significant gains in relation to validation by ordinary kriging.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Este artículo analiza el lugar del exilio de la última dictadura militar en el campo de estudios sobre el pasado reciente argentino e intenta tanto dar cuenta de las líneas más transitadas y que permiten plantear que estamos frente a un territorio historiográfico en expansión, como descubrir cuáles son las actuales áreas de vacancia y las de mayor potencial para la investigación académica futura. Lejos de pretender hacer un examen exhaustivo de la producción que viene acumulándose desde la contemporaneidad del fenómeno hasta hoy, estas páginas constituyen más bien un intento de revisar críticamente una parcela de la Historia Reciente desde el examen de la propia práctica investigativa y de cara a sacar a la luz los dilemas y desafíos que la atraviesan
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Este artículo analiza el lugar del exilio de la última dictadura militar en el campo de estudios sobre el pasado reciente argentino e intenta tanto dar cuenta de las líneas más transitadas y que permiten plantear que estamos frente a un territorio historiográfico en expansión, como descubrir cuáles son las actuales áreas de vacancia y las de mayor potencial para la investigación académica futura. Lejos de pretender hacer un examen exhaustivo de la producción que viene acumulándose desde la contemporaneidad del fenómeno hasta hoy, estas páginas constituyen más bien un intento de revisar críticamente una parcela de la Historia Reciente desde el examen de la propia práctica investigativa y de cara a sacar a la luz los dilemas y desafíos que la atraviesan
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Este artículo analiza el lugar del exilio de la última dictadura militar en el campo de estudios sobre el pasado reciente argentino e intenta tanto dar cuenta de las líneas más transitadas y que permiten plantear que estamos frente a un territorio historiográfico en expansión, como descubrir cuáles son las actuales áreas de vacancia y las de mayor potencial para la investigación académica futura. Lejos de pretender hacer un examen exhaustivo de la producción que viene acumulándose desde la contemporaneidad del fenómeno hasta hoy, estas páginas constituyen más bien un intento de revisar críticamente una parcela de la Historia Reciente desde el examen de la propia práctica investigativa y de cara a sacar a la luz los dilemas y desafíos que la atraviesan
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Habitualmente se considera que en los inventarios forestales realizados con tecnología LiDAR no existe error de muestreo. El error en la estimación de las variables se asimila a la bondad de ajuste obtenida en la regresión que se usa para la predicción de dichas variables. Sin embargo el inventario LiDAR puede ser considerado como un muestreo en dos fases con estimador de regresión, por lo que es posible calcular el error que se comete en dicho inventario. Se presenta como aplicación el inventario de los montes de Utilidad Pública números 193 y 194 de la provincia de Soria, poblados principalmente con masas de repoblación de Pinus sylvestris. Se ha trabajado con una muestra de 50 parcelas circulares de 11 metros de radio y una densidad media de datos LiDAR de 2 puntos/m2. Para la estimación del volumen maderable (V) se ha ajustado una regresión lineal con un coeficiente de determinación R2=0,8985. Los resultados muestran que los errores obtenidos en un inventario LiDAR son sustancialmente menores que los obtenidos en un muestreo sistemático por parcelas (5,1% frente a 14.9% en el caso analizado). También se observa que se consigue un error de muestreo mínimo para la estimación del volumen cuando la regresión se realiza pixeles de tamaño igual al de la parcela de muestreo en campo y que para minimizar el error a nivel de rodal es necesario maximizar el rango de aplicación de la regresión.
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O objetivo central deste estudo é o de identificar a influência das principais características da orientação empreendedora de um gestor de PME-Pequena e Média Empresa do setor metal-mecânico de São Bernardo do Campo, no processo de internacionalização da empresa. A pesquisa, por meio de estudo de caso em quatro empresas do município de São Bernardo do Campo, município que concentra muitas empresas e é responsável por importante parcela da corrente de comércio do Brasil inteiro, identifica a influência das principais características da orientação empreendedora de um gestor destas PME. Na estruturação e validação do instrumento de investigação, por meio do estudo de caso, foram entrevistados pelo autor os quatro principais gestores destas PME, sob um roteiro estruturado, que confrontado com as dimensões das orientações empreendedoras e as teorias de internacionalização, conseguiu concluir que o sucesso neste processo está diretamente ligado à orientação do seu gestor, que pode ou não encaminhar a empresa a um processo de internacionalização, para tanto, este gestor precisa dominar parte destas dimensões de orientação de forma sistêmica e aplicá-las no seu negócio.
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In this work we have investigated some aspects of the two-dimensional flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid through a disordered porous medium modeled by a random fractal system similar to the Sierpinski carpet. This fractal is formed by obstacles of various sizes, whose distribution function follows a power law. They are randomly disposed in a rectangular channel. The velocity field and other details of fluid dynamics are obtained by solving numerically of the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations at the pore level, where occurs actually the flow of fluids in porous media. The results of numerical simulations allowed us to analyze the distribution of shear stresses developed in the solid-fluid interfaces, and find algebraic relations between the viscous forces or of friction with the geometric parameters of the model, including its fractal dimension. Based on the numerical results, we proposed scaling relations involving the relevant parameters of the phenomenon, allowing quantifying the fractions of these forces with respect to size classes of obstacles. Finally, it was also possible to make inferences about the fluctuations in the form of the distribution of viscous stresses developed on the surface of obstacles.