20 Myr of eccentricity paced lacustrine cycles in the Cenozoic Ebro Basin

Long-period orbital forcing is a crucial component of the major global climate shifts during the Cenozoic as revealed in marine pelagic records. A complementary regional perspective of climate change can be assessed from internally drained lake basins, which are directly affected by insolation and precipitation balance. The Ebro Basin in northeastern Iberia embraces a 20 Myr long continuous sedimentary record where recurrent expansions and retractions of the central lacustrine system suggest periodic shifts of water balance due to orbital oscillations. In order to test climatic (orbital) forcing a key-piece of the basin, the Los Monegros lacustrine system, has been analyzed in detail. The cyclostratigraphic analysis points to orbital eccentricity as pacemaker of short to long-term lacustrine sequences, and reveals a correlation of maxima of the 100-kyr, 400-kyr and 2.4-Myr eccentricity cycles with periods of lake expansion. A magnetostratigraphy-based chronostratigraphy of the complete continental record allows further assessing long-period orbital forcing at basin scale, a view that challenges alternate scenarios where the stratigraphic architecture in foreland systems is preferably associated to tectonic processes. We conclude that while the location of lacustrine depocenters reacted to the long-term tectonic-driven accommodation changes, shorter wavelenght oscillations of lake environments, still million-year scale, claims for a dominance of orbital forcing. We suggest a decoupling between (tectonic) supply-driven clastic sequences fed from basin margins and (climatic) base level-driven lacustrine sequences in active settings with medium to large sediment transfer systems.

Tuotannonohjausmuodon vaihtaminen tilausohjautuvasta varasto-ohjautuvaan

Diplomityössä tutkitaan tuotannonohjausmuodon vaihtamista tilausohjautuvasta varasto-ohjautuvaan. Tavoitteena on löytää kohdeyritykselle kustannustehokkain vaihtoehto tuotannonohjaukseen. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan yrityksen tuotantoprosessi nykytila-analyysilla toiminnan tehokkuuden arvioimiseksi ja tuotannon pullonkaulojen löytämiseksi. Asiakastilauksen kytkentäpisteet ja taloudelliset tuotantoeräkoot määritellään yrityksen valmistamille tuotteille. Työn tuloksissa käydään tuotannon tunnuslukujen avulla läpi tuotannon tehokkuuden kehittymistä projektin aikana. Varasto-ohjautuva tuotannonohjausmuoto osoittautui kannattavimmaksi ohjausmuodoksi tarkasteltavana ajankohtana. Toimitusvarmuus ja kapasiteetin käyttöaste parantuivat ohjausmuodon vaihtamisen myötä. Asetuskustannuksia saatiin vähennettyä ja tuotantoprosessia kehitettyä. Tuotannon läpimenoaikojen lyhennyttyä tilausohjautuvuutta tulee tarkastella uudestaan.

Building object-oriented software with the D-Bus messaging system

Object-oriented programming is a widely adopted paradigm for desktop software development. This paradigm partitions software into separate entities, objects, which consist of data and related procedures used to modify and inspect it. The paradigm has evolved during the last few decades to emphasize decoupling between object implementations, via means such as explicit interface inheritance and event-based implicit invocation. Inter-process communication (IPC) technologies allow applications to interact with each other. This enables making software distributed across multiple processes, resulting in a modular architecture with benefits in resource sharing, robustness, code reuse and security. The support for object-oriented programming concepts varies between IPC systems. This thesis is focused on the D-Bus system, which has recently gained a lot of users, but is still scantily researched. D-Bus has support for asynchronous remote procedure calls with return values and a content-based publish/subscribe event delivery mechanism. In this thesis, several patterns for method invocation in D-Bus and similar systems are compared. The patterns that simulate synchronous local calls are shown to be dangerous. Later, we present a state-caching proxy construct, which avoids the complexity of properly asynchronous calls for object inspection. The proxy and certain supplementary constructs are presented conceptually as generic object-oriented design patterns. The e ect of these patterns on non-functional qualities of software, such as complexity, performance and power consumption, is reasoned about based on the properties of the D-Bus system. The use of the patterns reduces complexity, but maintains the other qualities at a good level. Finally, we present currently existing means of specifying D-Bus object interfaces for the purposes of code and documentation generation. The interface description language used by the Telepathy modular IM/VoIP framework is found to be an useful extension of the basic D-Bus introspection format.

Engineer-to-order tuotteen ja tuotannon kehittäminen kohti massakustomointia

Tämän kandidaatinyön tavoitteena on selvittää keinoja joilla ETO-yhtiö voi kehittää tuotettaan ja tuotantoaan kohti massakustomointi. Lisäksi selvitetään mitkä asiat vaikuttavat asiakastilauksen kytkentäpisteen asettamiseen siirtyessä massakustomointiin. Työ on tehty kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Esitettyjen tietojen ja tulosten pohjana on alan kirjallisuus sekä julkaistut artikkelit. Työn perusteella voidaan todeta että parhaimmat keinot massakustomoinnin tavoitteluun ETO-yhtiölle ovat; tuotannon ja tuotteiden kehittäminen siten että pystytään hyödyntämään modularisointia ja komponenttien standardointia, lisäksi tuotesuunnitteluun käytettävää aikaa tulee vähentää automatisoimalla tuotesuunnittelua tai käyttämällä standardi suunnitelmia. ETO-yhtiössä siirtyessä massakustomointiin tulee asiakastilauksen kytkentäpisteen paikkaa asetettaessa ottaa huomioon tuotannon ja suunnittelun ulottuvuus kytkettynä asiakkaan vaatimuksiin.

Biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and organic sulphides by fungi

Toluene is converted to benzyl alcohol by the fungi Mortierella isabellina and Helminthosporium species; in the latter case, the product is further metabolized. Toluene-a -d 1 , toluene-a,a-d2, and toluene-a,a,a-d 3 have been used with Mortierellaisabellina in a series of experiments to determine both primary and secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects for the enzymic benzylic hydroxylation reaction. The values obtained, intermolecular primary kH/kD = intramolecular p rim a r y kH r kD = 1. 0 2 + O. 0 5, and sec 0 n dar y k H I kD = 1. 37 .:!. 0.05, suggest a mechanism for the reaction involving benzylic proton removal from a radical intermediate in a non-symmetrical transition state. 2H NMR (30.7 MHz) studies using ethylbenzene-l,1-d 2 , 3 -fluoroethylbenzene-l,1-d 2 , 4 -fluoroethylbenzene-l,1-d 2 , and toluene-dB as substrates with Mortierella isabellina suggest, based on the observable differences in rates of conversion between the substrates, that the hydroxylation of hydrocarbons at the benzylic position proceeds via a one electron abstraction from the aromatic ring, giving a radical cation. A series of 1,3-oxathiolanes (eight) were incubated with Mortierella isabellina , Helminthosporium , Rhizopus arrhizus , and Aspergillus niger . Sulphoxides were obtained from Mortierella isabellina and Rhizopus arrhizus using the substrates 2-phenyl-, 2-methyl-2-phenyl-, and 2-phenyl-2-tert. butyl-l,3-oxathiolane. The relative stereochemistry of 2-methyl-2-phenyl-l,3-oxathiolan-l-oxide was assigned based on lH decoupling, n.O.e, 1 and H NMR experiments. The lH NMR (200 MHz) of the methylene protons of 2-methyl-2-phenyl-l,3-oxathiolan-l-oxide was used as a diagnostic standard in assigning the relative stereochemistry of 2-phenyl-l,3-oxathiolan-l-oxide and 2-phenyl-2-tert. butyl-l,3-oxathiolan-l-oxide. The sulphoxides obtained were consistent with an oxidation occurring from the opposite side of the molecule to the phenyl substituent.

Competing demands for a complex system : photosystem II repair, photoprotection and quantum yield

Photosynthesis in general is a key biological process on Earth and Photo system II (PSII) is an important component of this process. PSII is the only enzyme capable of oxidizing water and is largely responsible for the primordial build-up and present maintenance of the oxygen in the atmosphere. This thesis endeavoured to understand the link between structure and function in PSII with special focus on primary photochemistry, repair/photodamage and spectral characteristics. The deletion of the PsbU subunit ofPSII in cyanobacteria caused a decoupling of the Phycobilisomes (PBS) from PSII, likely as a result of increased rates of PSII photodamage with the PBS decoupling acting as a measure to protect PSII from further damage. Isolated fractions of spinach thylakoid membranes were utilized to characterize the heterogeneity present in the various compartments of the thylakoid membrane. It was found that the pooled PSIILHCII pigment populations were connected in the grana stack and there was also a progressive decrease in the reaction rates of primary photochemistry and antennae size of PSII as the sample origin moved from grana to stroma. The results were consistent with PSII complexes becoming damaged in the grana and being sent to the stroma for repair. The dramatic quenching of variable fluorescence and overall fluorescent yield of PSII in desiccated lichens was also studied in order to investigate the mechanism by which the quenching operated. It was determined that the source of the quenching was a novel long wavelength emitting external quencher. Point mutations to amino acids acting as ligands to chromophores of interest in PSII were utilized in cyanobacteria to determine the role of specific chromophores in energy transfer and primary photochemistry. These results indicated that the Hl14 ligated chlorophyll acts as the 'trap' chlorophyll in CP47 at low temperature and that the Q130E mutation imparts considerable changes to PSII electron transfer kinetics, essentially protecting the complex via increased non-radiative charge Photosynthesis in general is a key biological process on Earth and Photo system II (PSII) is an important component of this process. PSII is the only enzyme capable of oxidizing water and is largely responsible for the primordial build-up and present maintenance of the oxygen in the atmosphere. This thesis endeavoured to understand the link between structure and function in PSII with special focus on primary photochemistry, repair/photodamage and spectral characteristics. The deletion of the PsbU subunit ofPSII in cyanobacteria caused a decoupling of the Phycobilisomes (PBS) from PSII, likely as a result of increased rates of PSII photodamage with the PBS decoupling acting as a measure to protect PSII from further damage. Isolated fractions of spinach thylakoid membranes were utilized to characterize the heterogeneity present in the various compartments of the thylakoid membrane. It was found that the pooled PSIILHCII pigment populations were connected in the grana stack and there was also a progressive decrease in the reaction rates of primary photochemistry and antennae size of PSII as the sample origin moved from grana to stroma. The results were consistent with PSII complexes becoming damaged in the grana and being sent to the stroma for repair. The dramatic quenching of variable fluorescence and overall fluorescent yield of PSII in desiccated lichens was also studied in order to investigate the mechanism by which the quenching operated. It was determined that the source of the quenching was a novel long wavelength emitting external quencher. Point mutations to amino acids acting as ligands to chromophores of interest in PSII were utilized in cyanobacteria to determine the role of specific chromophores in energy transfer and primary photochemistry. These results indicated that the Hl14 ligated chlorophyll acts as the 'trap' chlorophyll in CP47 at low temperature and that the Q130E mutation imparts considerable changes to PSII electron transfer kinetics, essentially protecting the complex via increased non-radiative charge.

Extensive Social Choice and the Measurement of Group Fitness in Biological Hierarchies

Extensive social choice theory is used to study the problem of measuring group fitness in a two-level biological hierarchy. Both fixed and variable group size are considered. Axioms are identified that imply that the group measure satisfies a form of consequentialism in which group fitness only depends on the viabilities and fecundities of the individuals at the lower level in the hierarchy. This kind of consequentialism can take account of the group fitness advantages of germ-soma specialization, which is not possible with an alternative social choice framework proposed by Okasha, but which is an essential feature of the index of group fitness for a multicellular organism introduced by Michod, Viossat, Solari, Hurand, and Nedelcu to analyze the unicellular-multicellular evolutionary transition. The new framework is also used to analyze the fitness decoupling between levels that takes place during an evolutionary transition.

An axiomatic characterization of the MVSHN group fitness ordering

In order to analyze a unicellular-multicellular evolutionary transition, a multicellular organism is identified with the vector of viabilities and fecundities of its constituent cells. The Michod–Viossat–Solari–Hurand–Nedelcu index of group fitness for a multicellular organism is a function of these cell viabilities and fecundities. The MVSHN index has been used to analyze the germ-soma specialization and the fitness decoupling between the cell and organism levels that takes place during the transition to multicellularity. In this article, social choice theory is used to provide an axiomatic characterization of the group fitness ordering of vectors of cell viabilities and fecundities underlying the MVSHN index.

Sensibilité des cellules leucémiques aux immunoconjugués anti-CD33

La leucémie myéloïde aigue (LMA), cancer du sang causé par une prolifération excessive des précurseurs myéloïdes à un stade précoce de maturation, est associée à une survie variant entre 20 et 30% à cinq ans en dépit des traitements de chimiothérapie les plus intensifs. L’antigène CD33 est exprimé chez les cellules malignes dans 90% des LMA ce qui en fait une cible de choix pour le développement d’immunoconjugué (IC). Trois IC composés d’un anticorps monoclonal anti-CD33 couplé à la maytansine, une toxine s’attaquant aux fuseaux mitotiques, ont été créés. Nous avons étudié l’effet de ces IC sur des cellules primaires et des lignées cellulaires LMA et étudier les mécanismes pouvant expliquer différents niveaux de sensibilité. Les études effectuées ont permis de déterminer que le niveau d’expression du CD33 n’explique pas la variation de sensibilité face aux IC. Il a été démontré que les IC anti-CD33 sont internalisés rapidement par la cellule et que le conjugué est retrouvé au niveau de l’endosome en premier lieu. Il a été confirmé que le lysosome est essentiel à l’effet anti-mitotique induit par le conjugué. Aussi, il est proposé que la protéine SOCS3 pourrait jouer un rôle dans la résistance aux IC anti-CD33 en dirigeant le complexe IC-CD33-SOCS3 vers le protéasome et ainsi empêcher la libération du composé toxique par le lysosome. Nous avons aussi conclu que les variations d’agent de liaison et l’augmentation du nombre de molécules toxiques entre les 3 IC n’ont pas été suffisantes pour augmenter leur efficacité à éliminer les cellules LMA. L’évaluation de ces IC ainsi que l’identification des mécanismes de résistance permettra de cibler les patients les plus susceptibles de bénéficier de ce type de traitement et potentiellement d’identifier de nouvelles voies pour améliorer l’efficacité des traitements.

Planar UWB Antenna with Modified Slotted Ground Plane

A compact coplanar waveguide-fed (CPW) monopole antenna for ultra-wideband wireless communication is presented. The proposed antenna comprises of a CPW-fed beveled rectangular patch with a modified slotted ground. The overall size of the antenna is 30 mm 27 mm 1.6 mm. The lower edge of the band is attained by properly decoupling the resonant frequencies due to the extended ground plane and the beveled rectangular patch of the antenna. The upper edge of the radiating band is enhanced by beveling the ground plane corners near the feed point. Experimental results show that the designed antenna operates in the 2.7–12 GHz band, for S11 10 dB with a gain of 2.7–5 dBi. Both the frequency domain and time domain characteristics of the antenna are investigated using antenna transfer function. It is observed that the antenna exhibits identical radiation patterns and reasonable transient characteristics over the entire operating band

A Multi-Objective Antenna Placement Genetic Algorithm for Matched Array Synthesis on Complex Platforms

A Multi-Objective Antenna Placement Genetic Algorithm (MO-APGA) has been proposed for the synthesis of matched antenna arrays on complex platforms. The total number of antennas required, their position on the platform, location of loads, loading circuit parameters, decoupling and matching network topology, matching network parameters and feed network parameters are optimized simultaneously. The optimization goal was to provide a given minimum gain, specific gain discrimination between the main and back lobes and broadband performance. This algorithm is developed based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) technique for producing diverse solutions when the number of objectives is increased beyond two. The proposed method is validated through the design of a wideband airborne SAR

Robust decoupled visual servoing based on structured light

This paper focuses on the problem of realizing a plane-to-plane virtual link between a camera attached to the end-effector of a robot and a planar object. In order to do the system independent to the object surface appearance, a structured light emitter is linked to the camera so that 4 laser pointers are projected onto the object. In a previous paper we showed that such a system has good performance and nice characteristics like partial decoupling near the desired state and robustness against misalignment of the emitter and the camera (J. Pages et al., 2004). However, no analytical results concerning the global asymptotic stability of the system were obtained due to the high complexity of the visual features utilized. In this work we present a better set of visual features which improves the properties of the features in (J. Pages et al., 2004) and for which it is possible to prove the global asymptotic stability

Plane-to-plane positioning from image-based visual servoing and structured light

In this paper we face the problem of positioning a camera attached to the end-effector of a robotic manipulator so that it gets parallel to a planar object. Such problem has been treated for a long time in visual servoing. Our approach is based on linking to the camera several laser pointers so that its configuration is aimed to produce a suitable set of visual features. The aim of using structured light is not only for easing the image processing and to allow low-textured objects to be treated, but also for producing a control scheme with nice properties like decoupling, stability, well conditioning and good camera trajectory

Síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular: manifestaciones clínicas y hallazgos por artroresonancia

El síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular es una entidad reciente secundaria al “desacoplamiento” de la articulación coxofemoral, por alteración en la morfología de la cabeza femoral o del acetábulo, lo cual puede ocasionar osteoartrosis a temprana edad. El propósito del estudio es describir los signos clínicos más frecuentes y los hallazgos imagenológicos del síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular. Metodologia: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de la frecuencia de las manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular y hallazgos en artroresonancia magnética entre los meses de Enero de 2008 a junio de 2009. Se seleccionaron treinta y dos pacientes en la institución, y se evaluaron sus manifestaciones clínicas, examen físico e imágenes de artroresonancia magnética. Resultados: todos los pacientes presentaron dolor inguinal en el momento de la consulta, con presencia de test de pinzamiento positivo para todos, y el signo de la C en el 90%. El subtipo más frecuente fue PINCER 46.6 % seguido por el pinzamiento MIXTO 39.3%. El signo de crossover estuvo presente en el 100% de los pacientes con retroversión acetabular (12). El resultado de incapacidad funcional fue WOMAC 48.44 ±14.79 (IC 95% 43.1-53.77), nunca fue mayor a 50 y el dolor tuvo un promedio de 11 / 20. Discusión: la artroresonancia magnética es el examen de elección, cuyos hallazgos permiten comprender las manifestaciones clínicas. El ángulo alfa y la versión femoral constituyeron los signos más significativos, estos hallazgos son equiparables a los obtenidos en estudios donde la mayor parte de la población son mujeres de edad media.

Política económica y rentabilidad industrial y financiera Colombia 1990 -1997

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la evolución presentada por la rentabilidad industrial y financiera bajo el actual esquema de desarrollo de economía abierta y liberalización de mercados que ha sido implementado en Colombia a partir de 1990.