A tradução juramentada de contratos de compra e venda de títulos executivos na direção inglês→português: semelhança e diferenças no uso de termos simples, expressões fixas e semifixas

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Gramaticalização de orações avaliativas completivas do verbo achar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma análise da tradução de vocábulos relacionados à violência e criminalidade presentes em três obras de Patrícia Melo

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Estudo de termos simples, expressões fixas e semifixas encontrados em corpora paralelos e comparáveis da subárea de economia política

The main purpose of this investigation is to analyze the most frequent simple terms, fixed and semifixed expressions in the subarea of Social Political Economy in Portuguese and their corresponding terms in English, found in fifteen papers written by Bresser-Pereira and in his self-translated texts. The methodology used is the Corpus-Based Translation (Baker, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996; Camargo, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2004) and Terminology (Barros, 2004). Results show that terms and expressions used in the source texts have no univocity within the specialized language related to the Brazilian Social Sciences. The terms translated into English also reflect variation due to the options chosen by the selftranslator as he seeks to adapt the theoretical concepts to the possibilities of the Target Language.

Antropologia da Civilização: um estudo da tradução para o inglês de termos simples, expressões fixas e semifixas recorrentes em duas obras de Darcy Ribeiro

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the most frequent simple terms as well as fixed and semi-fixed expressions in Social Anthropology of Civilization subarea in Portuguese and their corresponding terms in English, found in two works written by the anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro. The methodology used is that of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1995, 1996, 1997; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and Terminology (BARROS, 2004; KRIEGER &FINATTO, 2004). Results show that there are similarities and differences among the use of the terms in the main subcorpora composed of source and target texts and in the comparable corpora in Portuguese and in English. This data indicate that terms and expressions are not univocal in the anthropological language due to the differences in the conceptualization of the same referents by different specialists in the area.

Investigando a tradução de acrônimos e siglas da área de sensoriamento remoto: uma proposta do ponto de vista fraseológico

The aim is to analyze a corpus of remote sensing in order to identify acronyms in English and then search for their equivalents in Portuguese. The research is based on the approach of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1995), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004), and Phraseology (PAVEL, 2003). The program WordSmith Tools version 6.0 is used. The results show that there is no standardization in these translations.

Tendências de normalização na tradução para o inglês da obra As Mulheres de Tijucopapa

The present essay aims at observing possible tendencies of normalization by the translator Irene Matthews in the translation to English from As mulheres de Tijucopapo, by Marilene Felinto. The methodology employed is that of corpus-based translation studies (proposed by BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; SCOTT’s study concerning normalization, 1998; and CAMARGO’s research studies, 2005, 2007), and that of corpus linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA’s studies, 2003, 2004). The investigation was carried out by means of a combination of semi-manual and computerized analyses using the computer software WordSmith Tools. Based on Scott (1998), we analyzed the translation of five words considered to be preferred by the author, as well as their co-text, in relation to three normalization features. The final results obtained in this study show that the translator Irene Matthews tends to use strategies that may be identified as features of normalization.

Proposta de elaboração de um glossário bilíngue de termos simples, expressões fixas e semifixas da área de sensoriamento remoto

Brazil was one of the countries that stood out in the list of nations that publishes more articles in scientific journals. From 2007 to 2008, the Brazilian scientific production has moved from 15th to 13rd place in the world ranking published articles in professional journals. However, 60% of articles published by the Brazilians are in Portuguese, which makes the Brazilian work have little international attention. The purpose of this research is to build and analyze a parallel corpus composed of a book of Remote Sensing and its translation in the direction English into Portuguese in order to create a glossary of most recurrent terms in the literature of Remote Sensing. The achievement of these goals will take for theoretical and methodological foundation the Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and principles of Terminology (BARROS, 2004; KRIEGER & FINATTO, 2004). It will also use Wordsmith Tools program and its tools. Besides the parallel corpus, we will also build two comparable corpora respectively from articles published in Brazilian and international journals in the area. The first results show that the translators made use of greater variation of vocabulary in their translations, which can be a way to make the text more clear to the reader. For the analysis of glossary entries, professionals from the National Institute for Space Research - INPE, will be consulted and their views aggregated to this research to give consistency to the production of the proposed bilingual glossary.

A nova teoria da antropologia da civilização: tradução para a língua inglesa de neologismos terminológicos criados por Darcy Ribeiro nas obras o processo civilizatório e o povo brasileiro

This study analyzes the translation process into English of neologisms and expressions in the works written by the anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro and in their respective translations, made by Betty J. Meggers and Gregory Rabassa. Our research project draws on Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1995, 1996, 2000; CAMARGO, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and on some concepts of Terminology (ALVES, 1999; BARROS, 2004; BOULANGER, 1989; CABRÉ, 1993, 1999). Results show that terms do not present similarities within the language related to Brazilian Anthropology, being necessary for the author to look up alternative terminology and to create new concepts that can be used by other anthropologists. The translation of words and expressions developed by the author reflects lexical variation due to the options chosen by the respective translators for the target language. These tendencies may be found in Ribeiro’s translated texts, indicating the difficulty to conceptualize the anthropological Brazilian universe in English.

A tradução para o inglês de termos e expressões em Antropologia da Civilização: traços de explicitação em duas obras de Darcy Ribeiro

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the aspects of explicitation in English translation of terms and expressions in two of Darcy Ribeiro’s anthropological works. The methodology used is that of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and Terminology (BARROS, 2004). According to Baker (1996), explicitation is the tendency to explain, in the translated text, parts of the original text that had been left implicit. Results show that these tendencies may be found in Ribeiro’s translated texts, indicating the difficulty of conceptualizing the Brazilian universe in English.

A contribuição de um dicionário histórico: o dicionário histórico do Português do Brasil

This article presents the theoretical and methodological road used to construct the Historical Dictionary of Brazilian Portuguese in the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries (sponsored by CNPq). Starting with some examples and models of historical and diachronic dictionaries we set the model that structures the Dictionary; it has the purpose of assembling in a single book the Portuguese language lexicon responsible for the construction of the Portuguese language in Brazil. Our reference basis is a data bank with many sorts of sources existing along the three centuries of the Brazilian colonial history. This data bank provides the nomenclature of the historical dictionary and allows the construction of the lexicographical definition through its lexical context that is followed by consecrated examples. This article also presents the contributions of the dictionary to future studies of the Brazilian Portuguese.

As unidades heterogenéricas em dicionários bilíngues de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros: análise do tratamento lexicográfico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Identificação e análise do vocabulário acadêmico em língua inglesa presente em textos acadêmico-científicos

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Lingue meno diffuse e corpora: studio empirico sulla terminologia amministrativa ladina

This study aims to the elaboration of juridical and administrative terminology in Ladin language, actually on the Ladin idiom spoken in Val Badia. The necessity of this study is strictly connected to the fact that in South Tyrol the Ladin language is not just safeguarded, but the editing of administrative and normative text is guaranteed by law. This means that there is a need for a unique terminology in order to support translators and editors of specialised texts. The starting point of this study are, on one side the need of a unique terminology, and on the other side the translation work done till now from the employees of the public administration in Ladin language. In order to document their efforts a corpus made up of digitalized administrative and normative documents was build. The first two chapters focuses on the state of the art of projects on terminology and corpus linguistics for lesser used languages. The information were collected thanks to the help of institutes, universities and researchers dealing with lesser used languages. The third chapter focuses on the development of administrative language in Ladin language and the fourth chapter focuses on the creation of the trilingual Italian – German – Ladin corpus made up of administrative and normative documents. The last chapter deals with the methodologies applied in order to elaborate the terminology entries in Ladin language though the use of the trilingual corpus. Starting from the terminology entry all steps are described, from term extraction, to the extraction of equivalents, contexts and definitions and of course also of the elaboration of translation proposals for not found equivalences. Finally the problems referring to the elaboration of terminology in Ladin language are illustrated.

Creazione e sviluppo di corpora multimediali. Nuove metodologie di ricerca nella traduzione audiovisiva

The construction and use of multimedia corpora has been advocated for a while in the literature as one of the expected future application fields of Corpus Linguistics. This research project represents a pioneering experience aimed at applying a data-driven methodology to the study of the field of AVT, similarly to what has been done in the last few decades in the macro-field of Translation Studies. This research was based on the experience of Forlixt 1, the Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation, developed at the University of Bologna’s Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in Translation, Languages and Culture. As a matter of fact, in order to quantify strategies of linguistic transfer of an AV product, we need to take into consideration not only the linguistic aspect of such a product but all the meaning-making resources deployed in the filmic text. Provided that one major benefit of Forlixt 1 is the combination of audiovisual and textual data, this corpus allows the user to access primary data for scientific investigation, and thus no longer rely on pre-processed material such as traditional annotated transcriptions. Based on this rationale, the first chapter of the thesis sets out to illustrate the state of the art of research in the disciplinary fields involved. The primary objective was to underline the main repercussions on multimedia texts resulting from the interaction of a double support, audio and video, and, accordingly, on procedures, means, and methods adopted in their translation. By drawing on previous research in semiotics and film studies, the relevant codes at work in visual and acoustic channels were outlined. Subsequently, we concentrated on the analysis of the verbal component and on the peculiar characteristics of filmic orality as opposed to spontaneous dialogic production. In the second part, an overview of the main AVT modalities was presented (dubbing, voice-over, interlinguistic and intra-linguistic subtitling, audio-description, etc.) in order to define the different technologies, processes and professional qualifications that this umbrella term presently includes. The second chapter focuses diachronically on various theories’ contribution to the application of Corpus Linguistics’ methods and tools to the field of Translation Studies (i.e. Descriptive Translation Studies, Polysystem Theory). In particular, we discussed how the use of corpora can favourably help reduce the gap existing between qualitative and quantitative approaches. Subsequently, we reviewed the tools traditionally employed by Corpus Linguistics in regard to the construction of traditional “written language” corpora, to assess whether and how they can be adapted to meet the needs of multimedia corpora. In particular, we reviewed existing speech and spoken corpora, as well as multimedia corpora specifically designed to investigate Translation. The third chapter reviews Forlixt 1's main developing steps, from a technical (IT design principles, data query functions) and methodological point of view, by laying down extensive scientific foundations for the annotation methods adopted, which presently encompass categories of pragmatic, sociolinguistic, linguacultural and semiotic nature. Finally, we described the main query tools (free search, guided search, advanced search and combined search) and the main intended uses of the database in a pedagogical perspective. The fourth chapter lists specific compilation criteria retained, as well as statistics of the two sub-corpora, by presenting data broken down by language pair (French-Italian and German-Italian) and genre (cinema’s comedies, television’s soapoperas and crime series). Next, we concentrated on the discussion of the results obtained from the analysis of summary tables reporting the frequency of categories applied to the French-Italian sub-corpus. The detailed observation of the distribution of categories identified in the original and dubbed corpus allowed us to empirically confirm some of the theories put forward in the literature and notably concerning the nature of the filmic text, the dubbing process and Italian dubbed language’s features. This was possible by looking into some of the most problematic aspects, like the rendering of socio-linguistic variation. The corpus equally allowed us to consider so far neglected aspects, such as pragmatic, prosodic, kinetic, facial, and semiotic elements, and their combination. At the end of this first exploration, some specific observations concerning possible macrotranslation trends were made for each type of sub-genre considered (cinematic and TV genre). On the grounds of this first quantitative investigation, the fifth chapter intended to further examine data, by applying ad hoc models of analysis. Given the virtually infinite number of combinations of categories adopted, and of the latter with searchable textual units, three possible qualitative and quantitative methods were designed, each of which was to concentrate on a particular translation dimension of the filmic text. The first one was the cultural dimension, which specifically focused on the rendering of selected cultural references and on the investigation of recurrent translation choices and strategies justified on the basis of the occurrence of specific clusters of categories. The second analysis was conducted on the linguistic dimension by exploring the occurrence of phrasal verbs in the Italian dubbed corpus and by ascertaining the influence on the adoption of related translation strategies of possible semiotic traits, such as gestures and facial expressions. Finally, the main aim of the third study was to verify whether, under which circumstances, and through which modality, graphic and iconic elements were translated into Italian from an original corpus of both German and French films. After having reviewed the main translation techniques at work, an exhaustive account of possible causes for their non-translation was equally provided. By way of conclusion, the discussion of results obtained from the distribution of annotation categories on the French-Italian corpus, as well as the application of specific models of analysis allowed us to underline possible advantages and drawbacks related to the adoption of a corpus-based approach to AVT studies. Even though possible updating and improvement were proposed in order to help solve some of the problems identified, it is argued that the added value of Forlixt 1 lies ultimately in having created a valuable instrument, allowing to carry out empirically-sound contrastive studies that may be usefully replicated on different language pairs and several types of multimedia texts. Furthermore, multimedia corpora can also play a crucial role in L2 and translation teaching, two disciplines in which their use still lacks systematic investigation.