919 resultados para Vigilância epidemiológica
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INTRODUCTION: Severe maternal morbidity , also known as maternal near miss , has been used as an alternative to the study of maternal mortality , since being more frequent shares the same determinants and enables the implementati on of epidem iological surveillance of cases . Since then, hospital audits ha ve been carried out to determine the rates of maternal near miss, its mai n causes and associated factors . More recently, population surveys based on self - reported morbidity have als o been presented as vi able in identifying these cases . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of maternal near miss and complications during pregnancy and puerperal period in Natal/RN. METHODS: A cross - secti onal population - based study was conducted in Natal /RN , Brazil, which has as its target population women aged 15 to 49 years who were pregnant in the last five years. It was carried out a probabilistic sam pling design based on a multi - stage complex sample , in which 60 census tracts were selected from three strata (north , south - east and west). Afterwards, domiciles were visited in order to obtain a sample of the 908 eligible women in whom a questionnaire was applied. The descriptive analyzes and bivariate ass ociations were performed using the Chi - square test and the estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR ) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and considering the weights and design effects . The Poisson regression analysis , also with 5% significance and 95% CI, was us ed for analyzes of associated factors. RESULTS: 848 women were identified and interviewed after visits in 8.227 households corresponding to a response rate of 93 . 4 %. The prevalence of maternal near miss was 41 . 1 /1 000NV, being the Intensive Care Unity stay i ng (19 . 1 /1 000 LB ) and eclampsia (13 . 5/1000LB) the most important marker s . The prevalence of complications in the puerperal peri od was 21 . 2 %, and hemorrhage (10 . 7%) and urinary tract infection (10 . 7%) the most frequently reported clinical conditions and rema in ing in the hospital for over a week after delivery the mo st frequent intervention (5.4%) . Regarding associated factors , the bivariate analysis showed an association between the increased number of complications in women of black/brown race ( PR= 1 . 23; CI95 % : 1 . 04 - 1 . 46) and lower socioeconomic status ( PR= 1 . 33; CI95%: 1 . 12 - 1 . 58) in women who had pre natal care in public service ( PR= 1 . 42; CI95%: 1 . 16 to 1 . 72 ) and that were not advised during prenatal about where they should do the d elivery (PR= 1 . 24; CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 46), made the del ivery in the public service (PR= 1 . 63; CI95%: 1 . 30 - 2 . 03), had to search for more than one hospital for delivery (PR=1 . 22; CI95%: 1 . 03 - 1 . 45) and had no companion during childbirth ( PR =1 . 19; CI95%: 1 . 01 - 1 . 41) or at all times of childbirth c are - before, during and after childbirth - ( PR= 1 . 25, CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 48) . Moreover, the number of days postpartum hospitalization was higher in women who had more complications (P R= 1 . 59 ; CI95%: 1 . 36 - 1 . 86). In the final regression model for both birth place (P R= 1 . 21 ; CI 95% : 1 . 02 to 1 . 44 ) and socioeconomic status (PR = 1.54 ; CI95%: 1 . 25 - 1 . 90 ) the association remained. CONCLUSION : Conducting population surveys using the pragmatic definition of near miss is feasible and may add importa nt information about this ev ent . It was possible to find the expression of health inequalities related to maternal health in the analysis of both socioeconomic conditions and on the utilization of health services.
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The SBBrasil 2010 Project (SBB10) was designed as a nationwide oral health epidemiological survey within a health surveillance strategy. This article discusses methodological aspects of the SBB10 Project that can potentially help expand and develop knowledge in the health field. This was a nationwide survey with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample domains were 27 State capitals and 150 rural municipalities (counties) from the country's five major geographic regions. The sampling units were census tracts and households for the State capitals and municipalities, census tracts, and households for the rural areas. Thirty census tracts were selected in the State capitals and 30 municipalities in the countryside. The precision considered the demographic domains grouped by density of the overall population and the internal variability of oral health indices. The study evaluated dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis, tooth loss, and dental trauma in five age groups (5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years).
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The SBBrasil 2010 Project (SBB10) was designed as a nationwide oral health epidemiological survey within a health surveillance strategy. This article discusses methodological aspects of the SBB10 Project that can potentially help expand and develop knowledge in the health field. This was a nationwide survey with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample domains were 27 State capitals and 150 rural municipalities (counties) from the country's five major geographic regions. The sampling units were census tracts and households for the State capitals and municipalities, census tracts, and households for the rural areas. Thirty census tracts were selected in the State capitals and 30 municipalities in the countryside. The precision considered the demographic domains grouped by density of the overall population and the internal variability of oral health indices. The study evaluated dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis, tooth loss, and dental trauma in five age groups (5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years).
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The triatomine fauna distribution and the natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated aiming the comprehension of the transmission dynamics of this parasite in the countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Additionally, the research for Trypanosoma rangeli was also investigated. The captures of triatomines were performed at sylvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments at different municipalities of the central and western mesoregions of this state. The insects were identified and examined by direct method, xenoculture and PCR to detect T. cruzi. The detection of T. rangeli was performed by direct examination of the hemolymph and multiplex PCR of 151 positive specimens for T. cruzi. Of 824 captured insects, the species were distributed in Triatoma brasiliensis (66.4%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (18.2%), Panstrongylus lutzi (12.7%) and Rhodnius nasutus (2.7%), and T. brasiliensis was found in most of the evaluated municipalities. The species were captured at nymph and adult stages, except P. lutzi, exclusively in adult stage. In the sylvatic environment were captured T. brasiliensis (57%), P. lutzi (28%) and T. pseudomaculata (15%) species. At the peridomicile environment were identified T. brasiliensis (74%), T. pseudomaculata (21%) and R. nasutus (5.0%), while in the intradomicile was found only T. brasiliensis. The infection rate of triatomines by T. cruzi was 30.4%, P. lutzi showed highest rate (78%), followed by T. brasiliensis (24.4%), T. pseudomaculata (22.6%) and R. nasutus (4.5%). Infected triatomines indexes at silvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments were of 41.8%, 20.1% and 50.0%, respectively. T. rangeli was only detected by multiplex PCR in 2.6% (4/151) of examined insects, of these 4.4% (3/67) were T. brasiliensis and 1.5% (1/63) P. lutzi species. The data showed that the positivity of P. lutzi allied to its ability to invade domicile attracted by light, suggests a likely participation of this insect between epidemiological transmission cycles of T. cruzi. T. brasiliensis was the only specie present in all environments, what reinforces its importance related to the capacity for adapting to the domestic environment, potential as a vector, and maintenance of sylvatic and domestic transmissions cycles in the semiarid, indicating the necessity of continuous epidemiological surveillance. The presence of T. rangeli in T. brasiliensis and P. lutzi was first recorded in rural zone of this State, broadening the area of occurrence of this protozoan in northeastern Brazil.
Resumo:
The triatomine fauna distribution and the natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated aiming the comprehension of the transmission dynamics of this parasite in the countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Additionally, the research for Trypanosoma rangeli was also investigated. The captures of triatomines were performed at sylvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments at different municipalities of the central and western mesoregions of this state. The insects were identified and examined by direct method, xenoculture and PCR to detect T. cruzi. The detection of T. rangeli was performed by direct examination of the hemolymph and multiplex PCR of 151 positive specimens for T. cruzi. Of 824 captured insects, the species were distributed in Triatoma brasiliensis (66.4%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (18.2%), Panstrongylus lutzi (12.7%) and Rhodnius nasutus (2.7%), and T. brasiliensis was found in most of the evaluated municipalities. The species were captured at nymph and adult stages, except P. lutzi, exclusively in adult stage. In the sylvatic environment were captured T. brasiliensis (57%), P. lutzi (28%) and T. pseudomaculata (15%) species. At the peridomicile environment were identified T. brasiliensis (74%), T. pseudomaculata (21%) and R. nasutus (5.0%), while in the intradomicile was found only T. brasiliensis. The infection rate of triatomines by T. cruzi was 30.4%, P. lutzi showed highest rate (78%), followed by T. brasiliensis (24.4%), T. pseudomaculata (22.6%) and R. nasutus (4.5%). Infected triatomines indexes at silvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments were of 41.8%, 20.1% and 50.0%, respectively. T. rangeli was only detected by multiplex PCR in 2.6% (4/151) of examined insects, of these 4.4% (3/67) were T. brasiliensis and 1.5% (1/63) P. lutzi species. The data showed that the positivity of P. lutzi allied to its ability to invade domicile attracted by light, suggests a likely participation of this insect between epidemiological transmission cycles of T. cruzi. T. brasiliensis was the only specie present in all environments, what reinforces its importance related to the capacity for adapting to the domestic environment, potential as a vector, and maintenance of sylvatic and domestic transmissions cycles in the semiarid, indicating the necessity of continuous epidemiological surveillance. The presence of T. rangeli in T. brasiliensis and P. lutzi was first recorded in rural zone of this State, broadening the area of occurrence of this protozoan in northeastern Brazil.
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Ficha técnica: Diretor: Fernando de Almeida; Editores:Carlos Matias Dias, Elvira Silvestre; Conselho Editorial Científico: Carlos Matias Dias, Manuela Cano, Jorge Machado, Manuela Caniça, Peter Jordan, Sílvia Viegas, Luciana Costa.
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Este estudo pretende divulgar a análise preliminar dos dados da atividade gripal em Portugal na época de 2015/2016 (setembro de 2015 a junho de 2016). Segundo o Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Gripe (PNVG) a atividade gripal foi considerada de baixa intensidade, tendo ocorrido o período epidémico entre as semanas 1/2016 e 9/2016. O valor máximo de incidência foi observado na semana 3/2016 (59,4 casos por 100 000 habitantes). O vírus da gripe foi detetado em 40,7% (449/1.104) dos casos de síndroma gripal (SG) estudados. O vírus da gripe do subtipo A(H1)pdm09 foi detetado em 90,4% (406/449) dos casos de gripe. O vírus A(H1)pdm09 foi o mais frequente em todos os grupos etários, sendo a percentagem mais elevada no grupo etário 65 ou mais anos (97,4%). O vírus da gripe do tipo B (linhagem Victoria) foi detetado com maior frequência nas crianças entre os 5 e os 14 anos de idade (14,3%). Todos os vírus da gripe A(H1)pdm09 isolados e caraterizados antigenicamente foram semelhantes à estirpe vacinal A/California/7/2009, contemplada na vacina antigripal do Hemisfério Norte 2015/2016. Os vírus da gripe do tipo B (linhagem Victoria) caraterizados foram antigénicamente diferentes da estirpe contemplada na vacina antigripal do Hemisfério Norte 2015-2016. Foi detetado em circulação o vírus do subtipo A(H3), semelhante à estirpe selecionada para a composição da vacina antigripal da época de 2016/2017 (A/Hong Kong/4801/2014). Os vírus da gripe A(H1)pdm09 que predominaram em circulação em Portugal durante a época de 2015/2016 foram antigenicamente semelhantes à estirpe que integrou a vacina antigripal para o mesmo inverno.
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Objetivo: Caracterizar os Comitês Hospitalares de Prevenção de Morte Materna, na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, quanto ao perfil de seus profissionais e à metodologia de funcionamento. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de março a setembro de 2013, pesquisando-se todos os Comitês Hospitalares existentes em Fortaleza-CE, por meio de entrevistas com os profissionais responsáveis, no total de oito. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado contendo 46 perguntas, com todas as variáveis baseadas no Manual dos Comitês de Morte Materna - 2007, elaborado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Os comitês são formados por médicos, enfermeiras, fisioterapeutas e assistente social. Nenhum possui estrutura física própria para seu funcionamento e os profissionais não têm dedicação exclusiva nem recebem remuneração para exercer as atividades. Dois comitês possuem regimento, dois se reúnem mensalmente, um quinzenalmente e um não tem data fixa para se reunir. Todos realizam a investigação hospitalar dos óbitos maternos e dos óbitos de mulher em idade fértil, discutem os casos com outros profissionais e realizam a divulgação das informações por meio de relatórios. Conclusão: Os Comitês Hospitalares de Prevenção de Morte Materna em Fortaleza estão organizados conforme a realidade de cada hospital, compostos com caráter multiprofissional, com faixa etária predominante de 41 a 59 anos, cujo processo de trabalho está voltado para a vigilância epidemiologia dos óbitos materno, fetal e infantil, bem como da evitabilidade destes, o que os caracteriza como comitês funcionantes e atuantes.
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Sandflies stand out as important vectors of leishmaniasis. The females need to ingest blood meals, enabling them to transmit protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which may give rise to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), in addition to transmitting other parasites. Leishmaniasis are important infirmities, distributed worldwide, whose infection results from the interaction of reservoir animals, the vector insect, parasitic protozoa and the healthy host. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, these insects are important transmitters of VL, which usually presents in the most serious form. It occurs mainly in metropolitan areas, with the dog as its main reservoir and Lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector. ATL is most present in the highland areas of the state. In addition to hematophagia, engaged in by the females, both sexes need to ingest carbohydrates, which are essential to the sand flies energy requirements and may interfere in the development of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and abundance of sand flies in different environments on the farm belonging to the Empresa de Pesquisas Agropecuárias do RN (Institute of Agricultural Research of RN), in the municipality of Parnamirim, in order to relate this occurrence with climatological and biological references and eating habits. Three consecutive monthly collections were carried out with CDC traps in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, in a residence, on a goat breeding farm and on cashew, dwarf and giant coconut, mango, banana, eucalyptus, acacia and bean plantations. A total of 1241 sandflies from eight species (Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia shannoni, Lutzomyia sordellii Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia wellcomei, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia intermedia) were collected, most in the forest environment. L. longipalpis, the main VL transmitter, was confirmed as a species adapted to anthropic environments, whereas others such as L. wellcomei, the vector of ATL, occurred predominantly in forests. Carbohydrate characterization of the sand flies and plants of the region demonstrated that a number of exotic plants such as hay and eucalyptus may play some role in the adaptation of these species to modified environments. Breeding in laboratory showed a mean biological cycle of 53.5 days from egg to adulthood for L. shannoni and the possibility of diapause behavior in L. wellcomei. This study serves as a source of information that may contribute to the epidemiological vigilance of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in the state, given that it analyzes the bioecology of transmitting species, as well as their potential to adapt to new environments
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O município de Macapá está localizado na região Norte do país e, devido sua riqueza em ambientais naturais, águas dulcícolas e facilidade de acesso à captura do camarão-da-Amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum - Heller, 1862) sua comercialização se torna relevante tanto no aspecto socioeconômico como cultural, uma vez que o pescado é a principal fonte de proteína da população. Geralmente a comercialização em feiras livres não é realizada de forma adequada, não obedecendo aos protocolos vigentes com relação aos seus aspectos higiênicosanitários. Deste modo, gera um ambiente ainda mais propicio para a proliferação de bactérias, visto que o camarão por apresentar altos índices de proteína, favorece ainda mais aumento do potencial de risco. A veiculação de bactérias patogênicas por alimentos é um problema de saúde pública no Amapá, posto que, ainda não há fiscalizações que atuem em toda a cadeia produtiva, inclusive na forma de manuseio e exposição do pescado nas feiras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar fenotipicamente os isolados bacterianos de Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli e Aeromonas spp vislumbrando avaliar a qualidade de camarões frescos com cascas, comercializados em feiras-livres de Macapá-AP e sua relevância em Saúde Pública. Foram analisadas 20 amostras de camarões provenientes de 5 feiras livres. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amapá (LACEN-AP) e no Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Aplicada (LEMA) da UNIFAP. Para tal, uma vez adquiridos os camarões foram imediatamente transferidos para sacos de poliestireno estéreis, onde foi acrescentado meio de cultura seletivo e por meio da técnica de enxaguadura de toda a superfície dos camarões com casca. As amostras obtidas foram acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas com gelo e transportadas até os laboratórios para análise. Após o período de incubação, alíquotas das culturas primárias, foram semeadas conforme os protocolos descritos pela American Public Health Association em seu Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. 4th ed. 2001 e suas adaptações descritas nos procedimentos operacionais padrão dos laboratórios participantes: LACEN-AP e LEMA - UNIFAP. A identificação bioquímica das espécies foram realizadas no LACEN-AP através dos protocolos do equipamento Vitek Plus System (bioMérieux, Inc.Durham, NC-USA) com posterior confirmação pelo Centro de Referência Nacional de Cólera e outras Enteroinfecções Bacterianas do Instituto Osvaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). Os resultados revelaram que das 20 amostras analisadas, em nenhuma delas foram identificadas bactérias do Gênero Aeromonas spp. e Staphylococcus aureus, porém 9 delas revelaram crescimento de E. coli e 6 de Salmonella spp. e E. coli resultados em desacordo com os limites satisfatórios quanto à adequada segurança alimentar. Desta maneira os resultados demonstraram que há riscos de adquirir doenças transmitidas por alimentos ao consumir esses produtos. Esses dados indicam valiosos conhecimentos para a promoção do intercâmbio entre a vigilância epidemiológica e sanitária, permitindo monitorar aspectos clínicos, ambientais e alimentares apresentando-se como uma poderosa arma na defesa contra doenças endêmicas e epidêmicas veiculadas por alimentos.
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Este estudo focaliza a construção do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS) e a analisa do ponto de vista das relações intergovernamentais. Nessa construção, ressalta-se que o modelo de descentralização, adotado pela esfera federal até 2003, seguiu um caminho diferente das ações assistenciais, centrado no reforço à esfera estadual. E um caminho diferenciado em relação à partilha federativa que beneficiou a esfera municipal, e nesta, os pequenos municípios. Dos quatro princípios básicos do federalismo, enfatizam-se a cooperação e a coordenação. A cooperação se relaciona com a autonomia dos entes federados e com o grau de descentralização vigente. A coordenação é vista como necessária para se obter a cooperação. O pano de fundo é a heterogeneidade estrutural dos municípios brasileiros. Examinam-se: a evolução do regime federativo nas constituições republicanas e as relações intergovernamentais que se estabelecem; a trajetória históricas da vigilância sanitária e epidemiológica; o processo de descentralização da vigilância sanitária no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aponta-se que a estratégia adotada no âmbito do SUS, de municipalização das ações de saúde, tendo proporcionado ganhos na cobertura assistencial e fragmentação da rede de serviços, merece maior reflexão na sua transposição para a vigilância sanitária. A natureza de sua função de Estado, o grau potencialmente alto de externalidade negativa e a heterogeneidade estrutural municipal colocam: a imprescindibilidade da coordenação efetiva pela União; a necessidade de reforço ao papel da esfera estadual no contexto da necessidade de cooperação regional e local; a urgência na reformulação dos critérios para descentralização e financiamento das ações de vigilância sanitária. Sem pretender esgotar a questão federativa da vigilância sanitária, apresentam-se algumas propostas para discussão visando superar alguns dos problemas detectados.
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Water is essential to life and all living organisms and their supply is necessary for economic development and quality of life of human populations, but their quality has been altered by human actions. In semi-arid northeast, the water is an issue of concern, especially its quality. This region is common to the construction of reservoirs that capture rain water, streams and temporary rivers in search of ease this situation, being intended for various purposes. Water scarcity is a limiting factor for the economic and social development of the region and contributes to the maintenance of waterborne diseases. About 80% of diseases that occur in developing countries are infected by waterborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine in two environments that are part of semilênticos Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir, and a stretch of the river Assu, all located in the semiarid RN, the occurrence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria; check the conceptions of teachers and health workers about the issues "waterborne diseases" and "bacteria" and a diagnosis of diarrheal diseases that affect the population in some municipalities of the semi-arid region of RN from a survey of epidemiological data. For identification of bacteria using commercial kits and the diagnosis of diarrheal disease was based on information from databases. The previous conceptions of teachers and health workers were obtained through questionnaires. The results confirmed the presence of opportunistic bacteria in the studied area, showing the importance of monitoring water quality. There was an under-reporting of cases of diarrhea pointing out flaws in the monitoring of Diarrheal Diseases and indicating the need to improve it. It was felt also the need to implement educational activities on topics dealt with both with teachers and health workers, since they were identified misconceptions on the subject
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Se estudiaron 4134 muestras de abejas, 46 muestras de panales y unas 25 muestras de piso pertenecientes a productores apícolas de Mateare, León. Se encontró una prevalencia de Nosemosis de 45.65% de morbilidad, acompañada de una prevalencia de Varroasis de 54.35% de morbilidad, un 3.57% de problemas con predadores, sobre todo hormigas y un 2.17% de problemas del panal de cría, supuestamente Locque. Se recomienda profundizar estudios y ensayar tratamientos orgánicos.
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Relatório de intervenção que visa implantar o Programa de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador no Serviço Médico de Emergência (Coeme) da Câmara dos Deputados (CD).