Revisiones de software empleado con alumnos con trastornos del espectro autista.

En los últimos años se ha incrementado la creación de programas informáticos desarrollados para la atención de personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA). A lo largo de esta ponencia se seleccionan y valoran algunos de estos programas y se mencionan otros adaptados a discapacidades motóricas y auditivas y programas educativos comerciales.

Deficiencias psíquicas y trastornos del aprendizaje.

Ponencia en la que se trata de forma breve los cambios referidos al concepto de retraso mental una perspectiva interactiva. Se analiza el término inteligencia en relación con factores motivacionales y de competencia social y las aportaciones de la Asociación Americana de Retraso Mental a la evaluación psicopedagógica e intervención con este alumnado desde el modelo propuesto por la LOGSE. Se finaliza con una breve mención a los apoyos educativos y comunitarios y algunos modelos que aportan la integración de este alumnado.

Nuevas tecnologías, deficiencias psíquicas y trastornos del aprendizaje.

Ponencia en la que se presentan las nuevas tecnologías y la informática como herramienta para la enseñanza de alumnos que tienen dificultades de aprendizaje. La intervención con estos alumnos se puede planificar en cuatro etapas: diagnosticar y valorar al alumnado, seleccionar y evaluar el software y el hardware adecuado, correlacionar las necesidades y ofrecer propuestas para secuenciar los recursos informáticos seleccionados.

Jugamos y nos comunicamos : programa para la prevención de los trastornos del lenguaje oral a través de la educación en valores.

Este trabajo obtuvo la primera mención especial de la modalidad B de los Premios Joaquín Sama 2004

Enzimas reguladoras del metabolismo diazotrófico y del potencial osmótico en cianobacterias

Doctorado en Ciencias del Mar. Programa de Biotecnología

Los trastornos del Espectro Autista en la Comunidad Canaria : detección temprana y diagnóstico

Programa de Doctorado: Formación del Profesorado

Alteraciones del metabolismo mineral óseo y prevalencia de fracturas por fragilidad en pacientes afectos de lesión medular traumática

Programa de doctorado: Avances en Medicina Interna. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

Manipolazione del metabolismo degli xenobiotici da frutta convenzionale ed attività chemiopreventiva

A reduced cancer risk associated with fruit and vegetable phytochemicals initially dictated chemopreventive approaches focused on specific green variety consumption or even single nutrient supplementations. However, these strategies not only failed to provide any health benefits but gave rise to detrimental effects. In parallel, public-health chemoprevention programmes were developed in the USA and Europe to increase whole vegetable consumption. Among these, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored plan “5 to 9 a day for a better health” was one of the most popular. This campaign promoted wide food choice through the consumption of at least 5 to 9 servings a day of colourful fruits and vegetables. In this study the effects of the diet suggested by NCI on transcription, translation and catalytic activity of both xenobiotic metabolizing (XME) and antioxidant enzymes were studied in the animal model. In fact, the boost of both antioxidant defences and “good” phase-II together with down-regulation of “bad” phase-I XMEs is still considered one of the most widely-used strategies of cancer control. Six male Sprague Dawley rats for each treatment group were used. According to the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, a serving of fruit, vegetables and leafy greens corresponds to 150, 250 and 50 g, respectively, in a 70 kg man. Proportionally, rats received one or five servings of lyophilized onion, tomato, peach, black grape or lettuce – for white, red, yellow, violet or green diet, respectively - or five servings of each green (“5 a day” diet) by oral gavage daily for 10 consecutive days. Liver subcellular fractions were tested for various cytochrome P450 (CYP) linked-monooxygenases, phase-II supported XMEs such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) as well as for some antioxidant enzymes. Hepatic transcriptional and translational effects were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. dROMs test was used to measure plasmatic oxidative stress. Routine haematochemical parameters were also monitored. While the five servings administration didn’t significantly vary XME catalytic activity, the lower dose caused a complex pattern of CYP inactivation with lettuce exerting particularly strong effects (a loss of up to 43% and 45% for CYP content and CYP2B1/2-linked XME, respectively; P<0.01). “5 a day” supplementation produced the most pronounced modulations (a loss of up to 60% for CYP2E1-linked XME and a reduction of CYP content of 54%; P<0.01). Testosterone hydroxylase activity confirmed these results. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the “5 a day” diet XMEs inactivations were a result of both a transcriptional and a translational effect while lettuce didn’t exert such effects. All administrations brought out none or fewer modulation of phase-II supported XMEs. Apart from “5 a day” supplementation and the single serving of lettuce, which strongly induced DT- diaphorase (an increase of up to 141 and 171%, respectively; P<0.01), antioxidant enzymes were not significantly changed. RT-PCR analysis confirmed DT-diaphorase induction brought about by the administration of both “5 a day” diet and a single serving of lettuce. Furthermore, it unmasked a similar result for heme-oxygenase. dROMs test provided insight into a condition of high systemic oxidative stress as a consequence of animal diet supplementation with “5 a day” diet and a single serving of lettuce (an increase of up to 600% and 900%, respectively; P<0.01). Haematochemical parameters were mildly affected by such dietary manipulations. According to the classical chemopreventive theory, these results could be of particular relevance. In fact, even if antioxidant enzymes were only mildly affected, the phase-I inactivating ability of these vegetables would be a worthy strategy to cancer control. However, the recorded systemic considerable amount of reactive oxygen species and the complexity of these enzymes and their functions suggest caution in the widespread use of vegan/vegetarian diets as human chemopreventive strategies. In fact, recent literature rather suggests that only diets rich in fruits and vegetables and poor in certain types of fat, together with moderate caloric intake, could be associated with reduced cancer risk.

Controllo adrenergico del metabolismo glucidico in Anguilla anguilla

Le conoscenze relative al controllo ormonale del metabolismo epatico dei pesci sono ancora piuttosto limitate e per molti anni sono state controverse. Per lungo tempo si è ritenuto che le catecolamine, adrenalina e noradrenalina, agissero nel fegato dei pesci soltanto attraverso i recettori adrenergici di tipo β. Quindi l’assetto recettoriale dei mammiferi, che comprende recettori α e β, era considerato frutto di un processo evolutivo che non aveva ancora avuto luogo nei pesci. Successivamente, nel fegato di vari teleostei è stata dimostrata la presenza di recettori sia α che β. Tuttavia il ruolo fisiologico dei due tipi di recettori non è ancora chiaro. Per esempio, in acciughe e sgombri non è stato fatto alcuno studio sulla risposta alle catecolamine ottenuta attraverso i recettori α e β, nel fegato di trota i recettori α non sono accoppiati alla cascata fisiologica che porta al rilascio di glucosio, e in anguilla e pesce gatto l’azione delle catecolamine attraverso recettori β è predominante rispetto a quella attraverso recettori α. L’utilizzo di ligandi farmacologici non ha portato a chiarimenti significativi, perché la loro specificità per i recettori di mammifero non trova sempre riscontro nei pesci. In questo studio, quindi, abbiamo studiato l’espressione dei geni codificanti per i recettori α e β adrenergici attraverso la tecnica della PCR real time, ottenendo i primi dati in letteratura per quanto riguarda la loro quantificazione assoluta. L’organismo modello utilizzato è stata l’anguilla, teleosteo caratterizzato da un ciclo biologico molto particolare in cui si distinguono nettamente una fase gialla ed una argentina. Le anguille argentine non sono mai state studiate a tale proposito, e date le estreme differenze nella disponibilità e nell’uso delle risorse energetiche in questi due stadi di crescita, il presente studio ha mirato a valutare la differente sensibilità alle catecolamine da parte degli epatociti isolati da anguille gialle ed argentine. I nostri dati hanno confermato quanto solo ipotizzato nei vari studi pubblicati negli ultimi due decenni, ma mai avvalorato da risultati sperimentali, cioè che i recettori α e β sono contemporaneamente espressi negli epatociti dell’anguilla, sia gialla che argentina, e la proporzione tra loro giustifica il ruolo significativamente maggiore giocato dai recettori β. Nelle anguille argentine infatti, come nelle gialle, l’effetto dell’adrenalina sul rilascio di glucosio ottenuto attraverso recettori β è chiaramente predominante. Inoltre, i nostri dati indicano che in due diverse fasi del ciclo vitale dell’anguilla, così come si osserva nell’ontogenesi dei mammiferi, i recettori adrenergici sono espressi in quantità differente.

Alterazioni del metabolismo osseo e fratture vertebrali dopo trapianto di rene

Introduction:Persistent Hyperparathyroidism after transplantation (HPT),bone disease and vertebral fractures are an important clinical problem in renal transplant patients. Several factors such as renal osteodystrophy, immunosuppressive therapy, deficit/insufficiency Vitamin D may contribute to that.In literature are described different percentages of HPT, vertebral fractures and Osteoporosis/Osteopenia that may be due to the different therapy and to the different employ of steroid. We analyzed 90 patients who received a renal graft between 2005 e 2010. Patients and Methods: 44 male and 46 female. Average age 52,2± 10,1 years, follow-up 31,3±16,6 months, time on dialysis 37±29,6 months. Patients who had creatinine level greater than 2,5 mg/dl were excluded. Immunosuppressive therapy was based on basiliximab, steroids (1.6 to 2 mg/kg/day progressively reduced to 5 mg/day after 45 days from the transplantation) in all patients + calcineurin inhibitor+ mycophenolate mophetil/mycophenolic acid in 88,8% of patients or Everolimus± calcineurin inhibitor in the others. Patients were studied with X-ray of the spine, dual-energy-X-ray, PTH, 25(OH)VitD. Results: 41,1% had HPT; 41,1% had osteopenia at femoral neck and 36,7% at vertebral column; 16,7% had osteoporosis at femoral neck and 15,6% at vertebral column. 10 patients (11%) had vertebral fractures. Patients with normal bone mineral density, compared to those with osteoporosis/osteopenia, are more younger (average age 46,4±11,7 years vs 54.3±8,6); they have spent less time on dialysis (26,5±14,8 months vs 40,7±32,6) and they have values of 25(OH)VitD higher (22,1±7,6 ng/ml vs 17,8±8,5). Patients with vertebral fractures have values of 25(OH)VitD lowest (14,1±6,4 ng/ml vs 19,7±8,5) and they had transplant since more time (29,1±16,2 vs 48,1±8,7 months). There is a significant correlation between HPT and PTH pre transplantation; HPT and levels of VitD (p<0,05) Conclusion: Prevention of Bone disease and vertebral fractures after renal transplant includes: a)treatment before transplantation b)supplementation of vitamin D with cholecalciferol or calcidiol c)shorten the dialysis time.

Trastornos del género en la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez

En la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez, el entrecruzamiento entre la entrevista periodística, la investigación historiográfica, y la narración literaria constituye un problema crítico que implica repensar las categorías genéricas mediante las cuales se abordan sus textos. Si se toma como punto de partida la serie de entrevistas a Juan Domingo Perón que Martínez realiza como periodista de Primera Plana y La Opinión entre 1966 y 1970 -finalmente editadas como las Memorias del General (1996) - y se la contrapone con La novela de Perón (1985, 1991) es posible rastrear las torsiones y los desplazamientos que trasforman esos materiales testimoniales al ser incorporados a entramados ficcionales. Puede afirmarse entonces que el elemento testimonial presente en gran parte de la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez genera una tensión recurrente que tiene un efecto político, ya que cuestiona tanto el valor del documento como el de la autonomía literaria

Trastornos del género en la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez

En la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez, el entrecruzamiento entre la entrevista periodística, la investigación historiográfica, y la narración literaria constituye un problema crítico que implica repensar las categorías genéricas mediante las cuales se abordan sus textos. Si se toma como punto de partida la serie de entrevistas a Juan Domingo Perón que Martínez realiza como periodista de Primera Plana y La Opinión entre 1966 y 1970 -finalmente editadas como las Memorias del General (1996) - y se la contrapone con La novela de Perón (1985, 1991) es posible rastrear las torsiones y los desplazamientos que trasforman esos materiales testimoniales al ser incorporados a entramados ficcionales. Puede afirmarse entonces que el elemento testimonial presente en gran parte de la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez genera una tensión recurrente que tiene un efecto político, ya que cuestiona tanto el valor del documento como el de la autonomía literaria

Trastornos del género en la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez

En la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez, el entrecruzamiento entre la entrevista periodística, la investigación historiográfica, y la narración literaria constituye un problema crítico que implica repensar las categorías genéricas mediante las cuales se abordan sus textos. Si se toma como punto de partida la serie de entrevistas a Juan Domingo Perón que Martínez realiza como periodista de Primera Plana y La Opinión entre 1966 y 1970 -finalmente editadas como las Memorias del General (1996) - y se la contrapone con La novela de Perón (1985, 1991) es posible rastrear las torsiones y los desplazamientos que trasforman esos materiales testimoniales al ser incorporados a entramados ficcionales. Puede afirmarse entonces que el elemento testimonial presente en gran parte de la obra narrativa de Tomás Eloy Martínez genera una tensión recurrente que tiene un efecto político, ya que cuestiona tanto el valor del documento como el de la autonomía literaria