874 resultados para Subjetividade
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O objetivo desta dissertação é estabelecer as relações existentes entre Rousseau, Kant e os primeiros românticos alemães. A partir da perspectiva estabelecida pela Terceira Crítica, de Kant, nos voltaremos para as obras de Rousseau e do Romantismo (particularmente, as de Novalis e Schlegel) para extrair delas dois conceitos fundamentais, o de sentimento e o de subjetividade. Acreditamos, assim, poder esclarecer, por meio das próprias obras de Rousseau e dos primeiros românticos, o autêntico significado das noções de sentimento e de subjetividade, de modo a não só recuperar o verdadeiro valor filosófico de tais obras, mas, sobretudo, para mostrar o uso consciente delas na determinação de suas posturas frente ao pretenso “racionalismo” dominante no pensamento moderno.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Adolescência, de forma geral, tem sido entendida como uma fase linear do desenvolvimento humano. Neste texto, questionamos este entendimento e trabalhamos a compreensão de adolescência, psiquismo e desenvolvimento humano mediada pelos pressupostos da teoria histórico cultural. Para esta reflexão, tomamos por referência a construção teórica e interpretativa elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com profissionais de saúde sobre os sentidos e significados de adolescência. A análise dos dados apontou o predomínio de uma visão naturalizada de adolescência, contribuindo para a invisibilidade dos sujeitos adolescentes concretos nas práticas educativas em saúde. Considerando que a Política Nacional de Atenção a Saúde do Adolescente e Jovem (2007) dispõe sobre a necessidade de práticas educativas e preventivas com esta população, entende-se que as ações precisam ser subsidiadas por um processo reflexivo sobre adolescência e desenvolvimento humano. Desta forma, as ações poderão ser mais efetivas se forem criadas possibilidades de reflexão, de modo a considerarem múltiplas variáveis no entendimento da adolescência, podendo assim, apreendê-la como construção social e não como uma etapa natural do desenvolvimento humano.
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O objetivo do artigo é fazer uma leitura paralela de dois contos românticos - Jacinto e Rosinha (1802), do alemão Novalis, e Cinco minutos (1856), do brasileiro José de Alencar - analisando como os dois autores trabalham a questão da subjetividade. O levantamento de uma série de traços distintivos permite concluir que há diferenças drásticas entre os Romantismos na Alemanha e Brasil: enquanto a subjetividade do primeiro pode ser chamada de individualismo, a do segundo pende para o sentimentalismo. Em outras palavras: o Romantismo alemão enfatiza o eu, ou seja, o indivíduo isolado às voltas com angústias de cunho intelectual; o Romantismo brasileiro dá maior peso à emotividade, aos sentimentos desse indivíduo, cujas angústias são de cunho amoroso.Palavras-chave: Novalis; José de Alencar; romantismo; subjetividade; conto.
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O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer uma relação entre as formas que a criança encontra para se autodesignar em seus enunciados, fazendo uso de marcas como pronomes, verbos etc., e o processo de expressão desta subjetividade, discutindo até que ponto esses indícios são sufi cientes – ou não – para refl etir esse processo. Para tanto, partimos de uma concepção dialógica e discursiva (BAKHTIN, 1984, 1988) que considera, de um lado, que o sujeito se constitui, em seu discurso, por meio do encadeamento dos enunciados e dos movimentos de sentido trazidos por esses encadeamentos e, por outro lado, que esse sujeito pode ser “recuperado” por meio de uma construção do intérprete/receptor (FRANÇOIS, 1994). Os dados utilizados neste trabalho pertencem a A., registrado entre 20-33 meses (estudo longitudinal), em situações rotineiras de interação com os pais, como o momento das refeições, do banho etc. Os resultados confi rmam nossa hipótese de que estudar esse processo de aquisição não se resume a observar as categorias gramaticais produzidas pela criança, pois há outros indícios que podem indicar tal processo, como o posicionamento de oposição em relação ao outro quando a criança nega, mostrando seu desejo (discursivo), ou o tipo de entonação (não verbal) que ela utiliza.
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Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR
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This study, performed under a linguistic-discoursive prism, aimed to: (1) describe the moments in which occurred hesitations in the utterances of a psychotic child diagnosed with Language Disorder; and (2) determine the extent to which these moments (also) can indicate aspects of a subjectivity trying to emerge in this child. Data were extracted from a speech therapy session with a ten year old female child. Concerning the fi rst goal, from a total of 362 utterances produced by the child, only 74 (20%) had hesitation traces, while 288 (80%) did not. Concerning the second goal, the utterances with hesitation traces occurred in situations of: topic development, especially in the form of complementarity; introduction of new topic; return to the previous topic; refuses to the topic; enunciative incompleteness. The high percentage of utterances without hesitation traces (80%) is explained because they are highly predictable from the context, mostly in situations of ritualized adjacent pairs, oftentimes in situations of immediate specularity. The reduced percentage of utterances with hesitation traces are explained precisely by the fact that, unlike those without traces, in these ones, signs of a subjectivity that tries to emerge and show itself in the discourse production are detected. With the development of this study, we tried to emphasize the view at the hesitations as marks of subjectivity – in other words, evidences of confl icting relationships between the subject and the others that constitute the utter. The concern was also about bringing to the fi eld of Speech Pathology discoursive linguistic refl ections based on data extracted from symptomatic contexts of language.
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This paper aims to present a study of the social relationships around the production, circulation and the eventual possibility of appropriation of knowledge in social systems of the pre-modern world and in a social organization of Western capitalist modernity. In this specific universe of relationships, it was also important to noticed that there is a paradoxical role of rationality that served to the emancipation of instruments of control’s knowledge of pre-modern period as in the same time it was favored by the construction of new bonds that were made in the Western modernity through the modern legal system, inserting the knowledge in the domain of the economy and private logic of the capitalist’s system through intellectual property. This research was made from a review of the literature, using specialized books of the theme. It was concluded that there is a paradox in the social relationships about the knowledge, whose cause is related to the unfolding of rationality in the development of Western civilization.
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This research attempts to analyze the relationship between the National Secondary Education Examination and the design of teaching, specifically in the way of defining what should be taught, in the present National Curriculum identifying clues that help us in the explanation of a conception of teaching and making the confrontation between the evaluation device in this ENEM. We intend to identify, even if there is consistency between what is taught and what is learned in schools, whether it public or private, and it evaluates the evidence as ENEM. This work is part of the Bachelor's Degree in Education Full theme is a critical analysis of the evaluation system ENEM regarding their school pedagogical practices. The overall goal is to bring to light the evaluative perspective envisaged in secondary education as a training practice, regarding the evaluation method levied by the National Examination of Secondary Education, seeking to raise the following reflection: The evaluation addressed in high school according to the National Curriculum meets view of the National Middle School? To answer this question, the work specified in a field research through analysis of evidence applied to the Portuguese Language School students in two schools, one in public and one private school, both in the city of Rio Claro, São Paulo, the analysis on the Matrix Reference ENEM in order to show whether the school pedagogical practice meets the demand of this evaluation system. Methodology as part of the job search literature, taking for himself the main theoretical assessment as Luckesi (2005), Hoffman (1996) Saviani (1986) and Curriculum Proposal of the State of São Paulo
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Writing about philosophical practice with children requires a memory of the body, a body that holds on to what is important to itself. My memory begins with my contact with the ideas of Matthew Lipman and the new ideas brought by his words, and continues with the need to change some of them and assign different meanings to others. Since my reading of the thinkers of the so called “Frankfurt School,” some words have taken new meanings to me, and have informed the way I now understand the practice of philosophy with children and its relationship to issues like educational “formation,” as well as others. Philosophical practice is unique, and needs to be thought, felt, and experienced; it has its own time and involves the construction and transformation of subjectivity itself. As such, to search for words in philosophy means to chose those words that can help us make sense and give meaning of what we do and think, allowing us to work with our thinking and with its forms of expression, beyond its technical dimension. In this sense, the usual emphasis of philosophy in its more technical dimension leads to an impoverishment of formation as experience, for the latter, which is a fundamental dimension of our lives, is rendered secondary. This has implications for the relationship between adults and children. When they reduce philosophy to a study of the formal capacity of thinking, teachers put students in the condition of a minority, and therefore in some way also put themselves in such a condition. In this paper, the activity of writing - as a way of expressing thought - allows me to conduct a tour my own subjectivity, and to encounter the words that express the meanings that inform what I think and do about my practice with philosophical novels, and about the value of generating texts related to philosophical practice, formation and assessment.
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In this paper, we intend to reflect on the subordination process based on a functionalist-cognitive approach. For this, we analyze syntactic constructions in which the main clause predicator is a speech act verb, a mental activity verb or a perception verb. One of the pragmatic functions of these constructions is to express evidentiality, which is basically the indication of the information source contained in a sentence. Evidentiality allows the Speaker to manage information in order to preserve his/her face and also allows the Addresser to assess the reliability of this information. We take the evidentiality expression as a functionality of the subordination process in order to rethink the teaching of syntax as a tool for an effective development of students’ communicative abilities.