La vivienda en la perspectiva de seguridad

El presente trabajo busca encontrar posibles conexiones entre la vivienda y el análisis de seguridad. Los avances en la teoría de la seguridad han permitido la inclusión de nuevos aspectos señalados como posibles amenazas que ameritan ser considerados dentro de la óptica de seguridad. En esta perspectiva, el tema de seguridad humana cobra fuerza y permite un análisis multidimensional incluyendo aspectos como la seguridad económica y la seguridad ambiental. En este nuevo marco, la vivienda puede encontrar un espacio para complementar el análisis de inseguridad económica, asociado a la pobreza y calidad de vida y al análisis de inseguridad ambiental vinculada a los desastres naturales y el entorno en que se ubican las viviendas. Al final se concluye que, si bien el análisis puede hacerse, el paso real hacia la securitización de estos temas exige un compromiso enorme del Estado para enfrentar el tema al nivel de una amenaza.

Crítica a los mecanismos de cooperación entre Colombia y Perú para enfrentar la oferta de drogas ilícitas en la frontera (2003-2012)

El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar la forma en que la oferta de drogas ilícitas en la frontera ha configurado los mecanismos de cooperación entre Colombia y Perú de 2003 a 2012. Éste será desarrollado a través de los conceptos de cooperación (Keohane 1984) y securitización (Buzan 1998), que condujeron al estudio del proceso de coordinación política en tres etapas (Balzacq 2010): qué se dice en los acuerdos de cooperación entre Colombia y Perú, cómo han actuado los Estados en la frontera y cómo ese comportamiento ha afectado la posibilidad de coordinación política con Ecuador y Brasil dentro del micro complejo regional de seguridad. De esta manera, se probará que el tema de la oferta de drogas ilícitas en la frontera permanece en el campo politizado en la agenda colombo-peruana, mientras que la posibilidad de vínculos entre grupos armados organizados de ambos Estados está securitizada.

Segurança Nacional : «buzzword» ou conceito básico?

A reflexão que se apresenta tem por principal finalidade objetivar o conceito de «segurança», em quadro pintado em conjunto pelas Relações Internacionais e pela Estratégia. A existência de um designado «Conceito Estratégico de Defesa Nacional» alavanca o pensamento exposto, cumulativamente forçado à tradução da amarra traduzida pelo binómio «Segurança e Defesa» e, deta forma, concretizar também um entendimento de «defesa». Para a consecução das finalidades procurou tirar-se partido do conhecimento existente para construir ou dar a conhecer, com as devidas limitações impostas pela atividade enquadrante, uma construção teórica coerente e, como tal facilitadora de ação e prática inteligíveis.

Breves reflexões sobre segurança interna : a emergência de um novo paradigma

Foram necessários 21 anos e algumas mudanças políticas e alterações conceptuais, para que o legislador lograsse entender que o momento de aprovar uma nova disciplina jurídica ao nível do edifício normativo da Segurança. A criação do cargo de Secretário-Geral do SSI e d concepção do conjunto de recursos e meios ao serviço da Segurança Interna encarados como um sistema, com tudo o que isso comporta de integração e articulação, foi uma das maiores alterações, se não mesmo a única inovação. A cooperação e a partilha de informações, que são a «essência» do funcionamento do Sistema de Segurança Interna, são um bom exemplo da metodologia a adoptar na inclusão de vectores da Segurança, Justiça e Defesa num esforço que deve ser nacional, na redução e potencial eliminação de ameaças e riscos para a nossa «Comunidade» no pressuposto de que a missão é servir os cidadãos, garantindo a sua liberdade e segurança.

Segurança privada : a actividade privada ao serviço do interesse público

Vivemos uma época de empolgante dialética entre o público e o privado. Para alguns, são conceitos basicamente e ontologicmente antagónicos, que (quase sempre) forçosamente se excluem, ou só de má vontade convivem um com o outro. Por outros tantos o público está a ganhar terreno excessivo à autonomia privada, numa era de «big brother» vivenciado, que não teríamos querido nem imaginado possível. Mas em contraste, há quem peça a convocação do Estado, para áreas das quais, neste nosso mundo ocidental, havia sido proscrito. A banca será o melhor exemplo, mas está longe de ser o único. A harmonia entre os públicos (o bem público, o serviço público, o interesse público) e os privados (com a sua iniciativa, criatividade, visão e ambição) devem coexistir numa harmonia que se quer perfeita. A segurança privada demonstra que isso é não só possível, como é desejável e essencial. Assim, cada um cumpra o seu papel.

A União Europeia, actor da segurança humana

O presente ensaio pretende situar o conceito de Segurança Humana no seio de uma vasta reflexão académica que entronca nas questões de segurança e reflectir sobre se a Segurança Humana, enquanto abordagem académica aparentemenete demasiado ampla e indefinida, é operacionável pela União Europeia enquanto actor de gestão de crises internacionais. Terminamos com a lembrança da atribuição do Prémio Nobel da Paz à União Europeia, questionando o impacto desta distinção no projecto normativo dos pequenos passos e da solidariedade partilhada que os seus pais fundadores preconizaram.

Understanding educational process in leadership development

This thesis is a case study of educational process in the leadership development program of the Australian Defence Force Academy. The intention is to determine the relative emphasis in educational process on the conventional command and managerial compliance (Type A) style and the emergent contingent and creative (Type B) style of leadership. The Type A style is theorised as emphasizing hierarchy and control, whereas the emphasis in a Type B style is on adaptive and entrepreneurial behaviour. This study looks at the learning process in a cultural and structural context rather than focus on curriculum and instructional design. Research in this wider context is intended to enable development processes to successfully bridge a gap between theory and practice, implicit in studies that identify theories 'in-operation' as different from the theories 'espoused' (Argyris 1992, Savage 1996). In terms of espoused and in-use theory, the study seeks to produce a valid and reliable result to the question: what is the relative emphasis on the two leadership styles in the operation of the three educational mechanisms of curriculum, pedagogy (teaching practice) and assessment? The quantitative analysis of results (n = 114) draws attention to both leadership styles in terms of two and three-way relationships of style, cadet or work group and service type. The data shows that both Type A and Type B leadership styles are evident in the general conversation of the organisation. This trend is present as espoused theory in the curriculum of the Defence Academy. However, the data also confirm a clear and strong emphasis towards command and managerial compliance as theory-in-use, particularly by cadets. This emphasis is noticeably evident in the teaching and assessment practice of the Defence Academy. Other research outcomes include the observation that: Contextually, while studies show it is difficult to isolate skills from their cultural and biographical context (Watkins, 1991:15), this study suggests that it is equally difficult to isolate skills development from this context. There is a strong task or instrumental link identified by cadet responses in terms of content and development process at the Defence Academy, in contrast to the wider developmental emphasis in general literature and senior officer interviews. There is a lack of awareness of teaching strategies and development activity consistent with espoused Type B leadership theory and curriculum content. This gap is compounded by the use in the Defence Academy of personnel without teaching expertise or suitable developmental experience. The socialisation of cadets into the military workplace is the primary purpose of training. This purpose appears taken for granted by all concerned - staff, cadets and senior officers. Defence Academy development processes appear to be faced with a dilemma. Arguably, training and learning from experience are limited approaches to development. Training, which involves learning by replication, and learning from experience, which is largely imitative, are both of little use when people are faced with novel and ambiguous situations. This study suggests that in order to support the development of capabilities that go beyond training based competence a learning and development approach is needed. This more expansive approach requires educational planners to consider the cultural and social context that can inadvertently promote the status quo in practice over espoused outcomes.

Sri Lanka and the responsibility to protect : politics, ethnicity and genocide

This book provides a study of the war by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) to create a separate state in Sri Lanka. It examines the ways in which this war should, in principle, have invoked &lsquo;Responsibility to Protect&rsquo; principles, as well as the political, legal and practical problems involved and, ultimately, why the international community failed to act. <br /><br />Over the years there have been several events, including those in Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Timor-Leste, Darfur, and Kosovo, that have led the international community to accept a responsibility to protect. However, despite its overwhelming preliminary endorsement, the principles of this concept are still not universally sanctioned and there are some strong international opponents, including some countries that were initial signatories of the convention.<br /><br />By considering the example of Sri Lanka, the text focuses on what conditions could satisfy or demand the application of responsibility to protect. It further presents a case as to why this conflict was, and may still be, the normative responsibility of the international community.<br /><br />Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect will be of great interest to students of South-East Asian politics, human rights, international law, ethnic conflict, security studies and IR in general.<br />

Foreign correspondents and international newsgathering: the role of fixers

This book reveals that &lsquo;fixers&rsquo;&mdash;local experts on whom foreign correspondents rely&mdash;play a much more significant role in international television newsgathering than has been documented or understood. Murrell explores the frames though which international reporting has traditionally been analysed and then shows that fixers, who have largely been dismissed by scholars as &quot;logistical aides&quot;, are in fact central to the day-to-day decision-making that takes place on-the-road. Murrell looks at why and how fixers are selected and what their significance is to foreign correspondence. She asks if fixers help introduce a local perspective into the international news agenda, or if fixers are simply &lsquo;People Like Us&rsquo; (PLU). Also included are excerpts from interviews with TV correspondents and fixers and in-depth case studies of correspondents in Iraq and Indonesia.

PROOF OF CONCEPT PROTOTYPE FOR A RAILROAD PEDESTRIAN WARNING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor network is an emerging research topic due to its vast and ever-growing applications. Wireless sensor networks are made up of small nodes whose main goal is to monitor, compute and transmit data. The nodes are basically made up of low powered microcontrollers, wireless transceiver chips, sensors to monitor their environment and a power source. The applications of wireless sensor networks range from basic household applications, such as health monitoring, appliance control and security to military application, such as intruder detection. The wide spread application of wireless sensor networks has brought to light many research issues such as battery efficiency, unreliable routing protocols due to node failures, localization issues and security vulnerabilities. This report will describe the hardware development of a fault tolerant routing protocol for railroad pedestrian warning system. The protocol implemented is a peer to peer multi-hop TDMA based protocol for nodes arranged in a linear zigzag chain arrangement. The basic working of the protocol was derived from Wireless Architecture for Hard Real-Time Embedded Networks (WAHREN).

Warts and All: The Representation and Interpretation of War in Museums

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Humanitarian responsibilities and interventionist claims in international society

This article calls for a widening of the debate about humanitarian intervention to incorporate insights from constructivism, 'Welsh School' Critical Security Studies, and critical approaches to Third World International Relations. After identifying a series of problems with the contemporary debate, which is dominated by the English School, it calls for a broadening of the concept of intervention and suggests a need to rethink the meaning of humanitarianism and terms such as the 'supreme humanitarian emergency'.