Indisciplina, violência e delinquência na escola: a perspetiva dos professores

Dissertação de mestrado em Crime, Diferença e Desigualdade

Concepções de docentes em relação ao manual sobre violência intrafamiliar

INTRODUÇÃO: O Ministério da Saúde publicou o manual técnico Violência intrafamiliar: orientações para a prática em serviço como uma estratégia para identificar e intervir de forma adequada nas situações de violência intrafamiliar e preveni-las. OBJETIVOS: Identificar percepções, críticas e sugestões de docentes da saúde sobre esse manual. METODOLOGIA: Fez-se um estudo exploratório pautado na triangulação de métodos. Aplicou-se um questionário a uma amostra de conveniência de docentes de faculdades de Medicina e de Enfermagem das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Cuiabá, com questões abertas e fechadas sobre as características e aplicabilidade do manual. RESULTADOS: O manual foi bem avaliado quanto às características e aplicabilidade. Contudo, a grande maioria dos docentes não o usa em suas aulas e considera seu conteúdo insuficiente para a formação do profissional em relação ao tema. Conclusão: Sugere-se usar este material em disciplinas oferecidas no início dos cursos da área da saúde, objetivando chamar a atenção dos graduandos para alguns aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e de prevenção da violência intrafamiliar, sem a pretensão de capacitá-los para o atendimento das vítimas.

Características Demográficas e Intervalo para Atendimento em Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Sexual

Objetivos: analisar as características sociodemográficas das mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, avaliar a experiência sexual prévia, pesquisar a utilização de métodos anticoncepcionais por ocasião da violência e observar o período de tempo desde a agressão até o atendimento hospitalar. Métodos: foram analisados os dados de 117 fichas pré-codificadas, de um total de 134 atendimentos. As fichas foram utilizadas no atendimento de mulheres vítimas de violência sexual na Maternidade do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba no período de agosto de 1998 até junho de 2000. Resultados: a idade das mulheres variou de 5 a 49 anos, sendo que a metade era de jovens, com até 19 anos. A maioria tinha segundo grau completo ou incompleto, 41 (41,0%) eram estudantes e 82 (82,0%) eram solteiras. Na análise da experiência sexual prévia, constatou-se que cerca de um terço (32,4%) era virgem. Das mulheres que referiam ter vida sexual prévia, 35 (47,9%) usavam algum método anticoncepcional quando da agressão. Houve variação de 2 horas a 2 meses em relação ao tempo decorrido desde a violência sexual até a procura por atendimento. Conclusões: o número de mulheres vítimas de violência sexual evidencia a importância de um atendimento especializado a estas pacientes. Há também necessidade de este atendimento ser multidisciplinar, já que dentre as vítimas existem grupos que necessitam de atenção diferenciada, como por exemplo as crianças. O intervalo entre a violência sexual e a procura do serviço pode ser considerado como indício de que a população deve ter acesso a mais informações em relação à prevenção de gravidez e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, inclusive a infecção pelo HIV.

Violência sexual: procedimentos indicados e seus resultados no atendimento de urgência de mulheres vítimas de estupro

Violência sexual contra a mulher é uma das expressões da violência baseada no gênero, que tem como origem o desequilíbrio de poder existente entre homens e mulheres, com maior ou menor intensidade, em todos os países do mundo. Atualmente é reconhecida como um problema de direitos humanos pela ONU, incluindo a violência emocional, física e sexual. A prevalência de violência sexual é muito difícil de determinar, mas provavelmente afeta pelo menos um terço das mulheres alguma vez na vida. Tem variadas conseqüências sobre a saúde física, mental e ginecológica da mulher, as que dependem em grande parte do atendimento recebido logo após a violência. Infelizmente, a maior parte dos serviços de emergência não estão preparados para prestar atendimento adequado. O atendimento deve ser multidisciplinar e incluir anamnese e exame clínico cuidadosos utilizando exames laboratoriais, tratamento das lesões físicas e da crise emocional, prevenção da gravidez e de doenças de transmissão sexual, incluídos HIV/AIDS e com seguimento de pelo menos seis meses.

O bullying no contexto escolar (2º e 3º ciclos) : um plano de intervenção e prevenção

“Violência entre pares” e “maus tratos entre iguais” são as expressões portuguesas mais utilizadas para definir o bullying. Independentemente do termo utilizado, a verdade é que estamos perante um fenómeno mundial crescente e alarmante entre os estudantes. A violência gerada nas escolas acarreta consequências graves nos jovens e mina o ambiente escolar. A complexidade do fenómeno bullying exige um esforço coletivo de prevenção e intervenção. Identificar o que está errado; conhecer os tipos de agressividade mais comuns; entender o tipo de relações entre pares; estreitar as relações com a família e desenvolver projetos de intervenção e prevenção na escola são os objetivos principais deste trabalho. Para analisarmos este fenómeno, começámos por realizar um inquérito em duas escolas da cidade de Lisboa com o intuito de saber quem são os intervenientes; que tipos de bullying são mais utilizados e com que frequência; se houve participação das agressões e possíveis consequências; qual o papel de cada um face ao bullying; se existem diferenças entre géneros e qual a imagem que os jovens têm de si próprios. A análise dos dados permitiu-nos concluir que este fenómeno existe e de uma forma bastante expressiva. Dos 192 estudantes inquiridos, apenas 36 não assumem qualquer papel, sendo que 13% dos jovens assumem-se como vítimas, 18,2% como agressores e 10,9% admitem ser, simultaneamente, vítimas e agressores. Por outro lado, 39,1% assume o papel de testemunha. Os tipos de violência mais praticados, segundo as vítimas, são mistos, isto é, violência física, psicológica e roubo ou quebra de objetos pessoais (24%). Quanto aos agressores, 40% assume que utiliza preferencialmente a violência psicológica em relação à física (25,7%). O recreio surge como o local onde a maioria das agressões acontece (44%). Quanto ao facto dos jovens fazerem, ou não, queixa, 56% dos jovens afirma que não faz e os que apresentam queixa consideram que não há qualquer consequência (72,7%). Assim, tornou-se evidente que deve haver uma intervenção eficaz no combate ao bullying. Para tal, elaborámos um plano de intervenção e prevenção, utilizando os recursos disponíveis e desenvolvendo ações em que todos os elementos da comunidade possam intervir. A direção da escola tem um papel fulcral neste projeto pois é a ela que cabe a gestão da escola e a possibilidade de permitir desenvolver as estratégias planeadas. Mas a complexidade do fenómeno bullying exige um esforço coletivo de prevenção e intervenção

Violência intrafamiliar contra a criança: intervenção de enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família

Objetivou analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente à violência intrafamiliar contra a criança, visando identificar ações de prevenção do problema. Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de cunho qualitativo, cujos dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 14 enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Mossoró-RN. Dados coletados utilizando-se questionário semiestruturado. As ações de promoção à saúde são atividades educativas desenvolvidas após detecção de casos. O medo de represálias do agente agressor, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de apoio dos gestores e a dificuldade para a materialização da interdisciplinaridade, intersetorialidade e integralidade da atenção foram mencionadas como barreiras ao enfrentamento do problema

Projeto Prevenir: uma pesquisa acerca das mudanças no perfil das infecções por DST/AIDS, com a perspectiva de detectar pontos vulneráveis da prevenção

Rio Grande do Norte is among the Brazilian States where the tourism and sexual violence increasingly grow in the country, occupying 4th place in 2004. Associated to this fact, it comes the problematic one of the contamination of the women by Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD). Studies in Brazil have presented a considerable increase of the STDs, caused through lack of suitable protection in the sexual relationships. Due to the biological and psychosocial vulnerability, besides failures or inconsistencies in the condom use associated to the raised taxes of sexual activity with different partners, the STDs constitute the main risk of health. Many difficulties are found by the confrontation of this problem. In this context, this project had as aim to evaluate the vulnerability of this population of sexually active women in Natal-RN Ponta Negra neighbourhood to the infections by STDs, such as, Candida sp., Vaginoses Bacterial, Trichomonas Vaginalis and Chlamydia sp., arisen with the explosion of the sex market, showing a current statistical panorama. It was possible to detect vulnerable points in prevention through patient anamnesis, where the study it showed: high number of partners (8,3% with more than five), low age of first relationship and not the use of condoms (31,8% sometimes use and 45,8% had not used in the first relationship). Already consolidated by the preventive cytopathologic examination, these data were strengthened by high incidence of causing agents of STDs (58,6%). In this way, it is clear that the sexuality must to be thought on the context of the deep economic and socio-cultural transformations in which pass societies, and mainly the ones concerning to the sexuality exercise and to the sex market. With the profile change of the infections, new demands are placed in relation to the risk factors. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevention vulnerable points detected as more important had been the deficiency in self-perception and wareness of the risk existence among the studied women

Atuação dos enfermeiros da estratégia de saúde da família frente à violência intrafamiliar contra a criança

The family violence against children became visible, in the context of public health, due to the damage and injuries generated in the lives of children and to the growing need of investment in physical and human resources to fill this demand. In this context, it is believed that intervention could prevent such events and are configured as primary strategies to prevent the corollaries generated by the violence. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze the performance of nurses dealing with the Strategy of Family Health viewing to identify actions based on the paradigm of health distribution. This is a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis about the method proposed by Bardin. The study was conducted in Mossoró-RN and the participants were 14 nurses working for the Family Health Strategy in Health Units of this town. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire, with questions answered by the participants themselves. It was evident to the study that the nurses believe that health education are the main tool for dealing with domestic violence against children, being developed, however, in its positivist and vertical way. The actions used to develop health performed by the team on their daily lives are limited to educational activities and are carried exactly when cases of family violence against children are notified. Barriers to the practice emerged from fear of reprisals from the agressor, overwork, lack of management support and difficulty for the realization of interdisciplinary, intersectorality and comprehensive care.

A violência no contexto de um serviço de urgência: análise do processo de cuidar na visão das vítimas e profissionais de saúde em Natal/RN

Exploratory descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and prospective data, performed in Pronto Socorro Clóvis Sarinho (PSCS), in Natal/RN, aiming to analyze care given by the nursing and medical staff to victims of violence attended to in an emergency hospital in Natal/RN; to identify care given by the nursing and medical staff as viewed by the victims; to compare data observed during the process of care with the victim s view on the care given by the nursing and medical staff; to identify the existing knowledge on violence and the process of caring for victims and its relation with prejudice; to identify obstacles and perspectives for prevention during the process of caring for victims in the emergency services. The population consisted of 97 physicians, 16 nurses, 75 nursing technicians and assistants and 365 victims of violence, with data collected from April to May 2009. Out of 188 professionals, 52.1% are female; 32% were aged 41 to 50; 99.5% had given care to a victim of violence; 90.4% reported to have given care to patients under custody; among these, 17.3% felt prejudice; 55.3% stated they don t provide different care for assaulted victims and assailants, however 44.7% stated they do; 86.7% feel their workplace is unsafe; 61.7% denied the existence of any obstacle and 38.3% reported the existence of obstacles; among these, 26.1% referred to inadequate facilities; 37.8% believe reinforcing security and professional training are the main solutions. Among the 365 researched violence victims, 82.2% were assaulted; male (69.6%); aged 18 to 24 (24.9%); hailing from the Greater Natal area (89.9%); on 19.7% the event happened on Saturday; during the night (48.8%); victim of physical assault (61.4%); produced by body force (27.7%); 24.4% were injured in the head and neck. 57% had used some drug, among which alcohol was predominant (75.5%). On 621 observations performed during the victim care process, when compared to the report of assaulted victims, there was a statistical difference, at 5% significance level, regarding reception, resistance from the professionals, questioning about the violent event, providing of guidance, interaction with the patient and the understanding of receiving proper care, and care resolution. In comparisons involving the observed and the assailant victims reports, there was a statistical difference regarding the resence of resistance from the professionals, performance of necessary procedures and the nteraction with the patient and the understanding of receiving proper care and 58.1% reported the nursing team was the one that provided the best care. We conclude that professionals had lready given care to assailant patients, acknowledge the importance of knowing how the vent took place and acquired this preparation during their practice. The most often referred bstacles that hinder assistance were: inadequate facilities, material deficit and lack of rofessional preparation. As solutions for these problems, they cited the reinforcement of ecurity and professional training

Atuação da escola frente à violência: estudo comparativo entre duas instituiçoes de ensino

It is a descriptive, exploratory study, quantitative comparative approach, whose general objective was to analyze the violence at school in a comparative way in the context of two schools in Natal / RN. The specifics were to identify the types of manifestations of violence in the contexts of public and private schools, to identify the position of the leadership, teachers and school staff during and after the occurrence of manifestations of violence in the school environment, to identify measures to prevent violence within of schools. The results show that 68 of the 121 participants (56.20%) were female and 53 (43.80%) were male, 38 (31.40%) were between 40 and 49, 85 (70.2%) lived in the south of Natal (RN), 46 (38.02%) specialization, 68 (56.20%) were Catholic, 63 (52.07%) married, 41 (33.88%) received between 03 and 05 and 68 minimum wages (56.20%) were teachers, 51 (42.15%) 02 employees (01,65%) and directors, 46 (38.02%) providers had between 05 and 14 years and 11 months experience in teaching 70 (57.85%) less than five years in the job, 68 (56.20%) worked between 20 hours and 40 hours per week, 81 (16.30%) worked in the 9th grade of elementary school II. As for the sizing of violence, 111 (91.74%) respondents witnessed episodes of this event who work in the institution, 100 (82.64%) witnessed verbal violence, 87 (71.90%) called for parents when some event happenedviolent that it caused injury to students, 66 (54.55%) believed that family violence is the main reason for young people practiced bullying, 44 (38.98%) reported daily episodes of bullying, 64 (52.89% ) the event happens in the courtyard. Of the 37 victims of violence at school, 22 (59.45%) suffered verbal abuse, 18 (48.65%) experienced violence once a week, 36 (97.30%) were attacked by students, 104 (85.95 %) are able to differentiate the bad acts of bullying behavior, 28 (23.14%) separated the involved coordination and communicated verbally, 23 (19.00%) stated that the coordination of schools talked with parents about the aggressive behavior of the student. Regarding the actions taken to minimize bullying, 69 (57.02%) participated in any professional education process, 47 (38.84%) was the educational process at another institution, 49 (71.01%) took courses lasting 12 to 24 hours, 59 (48.76%) stated that interaction with parents and family was the most stimulated by the school to try to minimize and prevent the event and 116 (95.87%) participated in meetings at the institutions surveyed , 58 (50.00%) responded that the meetings took place every two months and 121 (100.00%) reported having no refresher course on school violence in the schools surveyed. We conclude that violence in schools has been expressed in any social class and that professionals are poorly prepared to deal with the situation. So we hope that education professionals through the reading of our study may realize that school violence takes place in any institution affecting the lives of all who make up the educational universe. It is extremely important that these professionals always seek to empower through knowledge so that they can develop strategies to prevent and minimize the bullying to change the reality of the workplace

Entre o sol e a liberdade impera a violência: formação de redes para a ação a partir da estratégia saúde da família

The research aimed to analyze the feasibility of forming a network of municipal services to prevent and treat child victims of violence from the Basic Health Units in the Family Mossoró / RN. The research is a qualitative approach and was developed in the form of action research. The population was composed of representatives of institutions of the child and primary care professionals. Data were collected through questionnaires, workshops and semi-structured interview. The results were analyzed from data collected through the questionnaire designed to assess the material, lectures, dialogues and assessments with the team and presented in accordance with the findings of the research. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research UFRN with protocol No. 158/2010, CAAE: 0176.0.051.000-10. Situational diagnosis in the participants answered a questionnaire to characterize and then launched the guiding question of the focus group FHS While professional what your perception towards violence against children? It was felt the fear and ignorance on the part of the unit staff on how to prevent and to refer cases of violence against children and adolescents in the area of coverage of the unit and also realized that the professionals felt victims of occupational violence before the violence has reached proportions that the area of the unit. Mind the need to change strategies to work to combat violence, we plan to conduct focus group workshop to complete the questionnaire, training for protection against occupational violence, and meeting with other bodies responsible visor protecting children and adolescents to draw the flowchart of the victims in safety net. The next moment training to fill the notification form professionals were interested in learning and use this tool to combat violence. At the third meeting in Unity, meeting with representatives of the Child Protection Council, the professional unit showed interest in interacting with the agency to expose and combat violence against children and adolescents. Due to difficulties in the physical structure of the unit was not possible to continue the research and planned every moment, and then completed the data collection with interviews with the participating professionals, to assess the meetings. Therefore, it is considered that action research has also achieved its goals because the team was involved in the collective construction of a proposed change in the practices of referral and prevention of violence against children and adolescents. This involvement was favored using the principles Freirian during the course of the study. However, it is assumed that the network was not fully implemented because it is known that it is in a continual process of improvement and must continue evolving with the unit team.

O trabalho docente em psicólogo e o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: uma experiência teresinense

In this thesis I discuss the role of the psychologist as a university professor and as intellectual from a specific context and also from a specific query. The context is the city of Teresina, capital city of Piauí state, which is peripheral in Brazil s northeast region. The defiance here is to build a critical psychological tradition that will deal with the challenges imposed by the reality of poverty and socio-economic backwardness of the region. The greatest difficulty is the lack of a public institution of learning that carries out instruction, research and extension with commitment to social transformation, and with the production of a psychological knowledge that is able to understand local reality. I take it that the undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piauí] is the only one in Teresina that can take over such mission. The query is confronting violence against children and adolescents that defies us to ethically and politically commit to solidarity toward fragile human beings in need of adult involvement in order to survive this daily inhumanity. The involvement of psychologists from Teresina in this must result from a social commitment and a technical competence to deal with prevention and therapeutic consideration toward the victims. This dissertation is divided into three parts: the first is a study on the curriculum and the performance of psychologists, which revises the academic output in Brazil and envisages new queries to the theme, such as the role of teaching inside the curriculum, and presents social security (including Medicare) as the privileged field in which Brazilian psychologists perform. The second part contains a study on the concepts of childhood, adolescence and violence, which presents a consideration on the strategies to confront violence against children and adolescents. In the last part I discuss the role of the psychologist as teacher and intellectual in the context undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piauí] from the commitment to the protection of children and adolescents

O trabalho docente em psicólogo e o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: uma experiência teresinense

In this thesis I discuss the role of the psychologist as a university professor and as intellectual from a specific context and also from a specific query. The context is the city of Teresina, capital city of Piauí state, which is peripheral in Brazil s northeast region. The defiance here is to build a critical psychological tradition that will deal with the challenges imposed by the reality of poverty and socio-economic backwardness of the region. The greatest difficulty is the lack of a public institution of learning that carries out instruction, research and extension with commitment to social transformation, and with the production of a psychological knowledge that is able to understand local reality. I take it that the undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piauí] is the only one in Teresina that can take over such mission. The query is confronting violence against children and adolescents that defies us to ethically and politically commit to solidarity toward fragile human beings in need of adult involvement in order to survive this daily inhumanity. The involvement of psychologists from Teresina in this must result from a social commitment and a technical competence to deal with prevention and therapeutic consideration toward the victims. This dissertation is divided into three parts: the first is a study on the curriculum and the performance of psychologists, which revises the academic output in Brazil and envisages new queries to the theme, such as the role of teaching inside the curriculum, and presents social security (including Medicare) as the privileged field in which Brazilian psychologists perform. The second part contains a study on the concepts of childhood, adolescence and violence, which presents a consideration on the strategies to confront violence against children and adolescents. In the last part I discuss the role of the psychologist as teacher and intellectual in the context undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piauí] from the commitment to the protection of children and adolescents

Uso da farmacogenética cardiovascular na análise e prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e classificação em haplogrupos pelo cromossomo Y e DNA mitocondrial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Drogas, violência e políticas sociais: estudo de uma comunidade terapêutica

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC